Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2025-06-07 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Perovskite imirasire y'izuba ni tekinoroji nshya kandi ishimishije. Itezimbere vuba kandi ifite ibintu byihariye bitandukanye na selile isanzwe.
Muri 2012, imikorere yabo yari 10% gusa.
Kugeza 2016, yazamutse igera kuri 22%, nka selile silicon.
Noneho, barashitse 26.1% . Mugihe kizaza, barashobora kugera kuri 44% mugihe bahujwe na silicon.
Utugingo ngengabuzima igiciro gito cyo gukora , gukora muburyo bwinshi, no gukora neza mumucyo utagaragara. Kubera izo nyungu, zishobora gutuma ingufu zisubirwamo zihendutse kandi nziza kuri buri wese.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Perovskite yahise ikora neza, igera kuri 26.1%. Iyo uhujwe na silicon, barashobora kugera kuri 44%.
Utugingo ngengabuzima tugura make gukora kuruta selile isanzwe. Bakoresha ibikoresho bihendutse kandi bakeneye ubushyuhe buke mugihe cyo gukora.
Biroroshye guhinduka, kuburyo bishobora gukoreshwa mubikoresho byoroshye. Bakora kandi kubintu bidasanzwe, bikagira akamaro muburyo bwinshi.
Gukora selile perovskite biroroshye, ukoresheje uburyo bworoshye nka spin coating. Ibi bigabanya ibiciro n'imbaraga zikenewe.
Ariko, bafite ibibazo bijyanye no gushikama. Ubushuhe n'umucyo birashobora kubangiza, bikagabanya igihe cyo kubaho.
Hano hari impungenge zibidukikije kuko ibikoresho bya perovskite birimo gurş. Abahanga barimo gukora kuburyo bwiza.
Ibisabwa ku mirasire y'izuba ya perovskite biteganijwe ko biziyongera cyane. Ibi biterwa nubuhanga bwiza nuburyo bunoze bwo kubikora.
Kuvanga perovskite na silicon muri selile tandem byongera imikorere. Ibi bituma bahitamo neza ibisubizo byingufu zisukuye.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Perovskite irihariye kuko ikurura ubwoko bwinshi bwurumuri. Ibi bivuze ko bashobora gufata urumuri rwizuba kuruta selile isanzwe. Bakora neza no muminsi yibicu cyangwa mugitondo. Ibi bituma bahitamo neza ahantu hafite izuba rike.
Abahanga berekanye uburyo ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba perovskite zishobora gukora. Igihe kirenze, imikorere yabo yateye imbere cyane. Kurugero:
| Umwaka | Ukora neza (%) | Ikigo / Ikoranabuhanga |
|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 14 | NREL |
| 2022 | 25.7 | NREL |
| 2022 | 31.25 | Ingirabuzimafatizo |
Ibisubizo byerekana ko selile perovskite iruta iya silicon. Imirasire y'izuba izaza ishobora gukora neza kurushaho.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Perovskite ihendutse gukora. Ibikoresho byabo biroroshye kubibona no kugura make. Bakeneye kandi ubushyuhe buke kugirango batange, munsi ya 150 ° C. Utugingo ngengabuzima twa Silicon dukeneye hejuru ya 1000 ° C, ikoresha ingufu nyinshi. Ibi bituma selile perovskite nziza kubidukikije.
| Metric | Perovskite Imirasire y'izuba | isanzwe ya Silicon Solar selile |
|---|---|---|
| Igipimo cyo gukora neza | 25% - 29.2% | 15% - 20% |
| Ubushyuhe bw'umusaruro | <150 ° C. | > 1000 ° C. |
| Igiciro c'ibikoresho bibisi | 50-75% bihendutse | N / A. |
Gukora selile nyinshi za perovskite biroroshye kandi bihendutse. Igiciro cyamashanyarazi ni gusa 3.5 kugeza 4,9 kumafaranga kuri kilowati . Ibi byatsinze Amerika SunShot igitego cyamafaranga 6 kuri kilowati. Na none, igiciro cyabo module ni 0.21 kugeza 0.28 US $ / W. Ibi bituma bakomera kumishinga minini yingufu zishobora kuvugururwa.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Perovskite iroroshye kandi irunamye. Barashobora guha imbaraga ibikapu, amasaha yubwenge, cyangwa imyenda. Ibintu birashobora kwishyuza ibikoresho mugihe wimutse. Gukora kuzunguruka bifasha gukora utugingo ngengabuzima kandi bihendutse.
| Ubwoko bwibimenyetso | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Urugero | Imirasire y'izuba ihindagurika ikoreshwa mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye kandi imyenda ishobora kwambara. |
| Intambwe ikomeye | Imikorere yazamutse kuva kuri 2,62% muri 2013 igera kuri 18.4% mumyaka yashize. |
Utugingo ngengabuzima twizuba dushobora guhura hejuru yuburinganire cyangwa butaringaniye. Kurugero, barashobora kujya hejuru yimodoka cyangwa kurukuta. Ibi bigabanya ibiciro byo kwishyiriraho kandi byiyongera aho bishobora gukoreshwa.
| Ibisobanuro | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| PV ituye | Ingirabuzimafatizo zoroheje zishobora gushyirwa hejuru yinzu, bikagabanya amafaranga yumurimo. |
| Ikiguzi Cyiza | Ihindagurika ryibiciro bya sisitemu yo hasi, bigatuma irushanwa na silicon PV. |
Imirasire y'izuba ya Perovskite iroroshye, ihendutse, kandi ihuza ibikenewe bigezweho. Bahindura uburyo dukoresha ingufu zishobora kubaho.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Perovskite iroroshye gukora kuruta silikoni. Utugingo ngengabuzima twa Silicon dukenera ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imashini zigoye. Ingirabuzimafatizo za Perovskite zikoresha ubushyuhe buke, munsi ya 150 ° C. Ibi bizigama ingufu kandi nibyiza kwisi.
Izi selile zirashobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwamazi nka spin coating. Ipitingi ya spin ikwirakwiza amazi ya perovskite hejuru. Nibyoroshye kandi bisaba amafaranga make. Ubundi buryo ni imyuka yoherejwe, igashyira ibikoresho neza. Ubu buryo bworoshye bufasha gukora selile nyinshi zidafite ibibazo bikomeye.
Gukora utugingo ngengabuzima byateye imbere mugihe runaka. Kuva 2014 kugeza 2019, imikorere yazamutse kuva kuri 17.9% igera kuri 25.2% . Hagati ya 2019 na 2024, yazamutseho amanota 1.5 gusa, igera kuri 26.7%. Imikorere myiza ya selile ubu ni 27.0%. Module irashobora kugera kuri 25% neza mugihe igihombo kigabanutse. Mu myaka 4-5, 20% ikora neza hamwe na 90% byatsinze umusaruro birashoboka.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Perovskite irashobora gukorwa ku bice bitandukanye. Bakora ku kirahure, plastike, cyangwa ibyuma. Ibi bituma bagira akamaro kubibaho binini cyangwa bishushanyije. Kurugero, barashobora kujya kurukuta cyangwa ibisenge by'imodoka.
Utugingo ngengabuzima nabwo tworoshye kandi tworoshye. Tekereza imirasire y'izuba ushobora kuzunguruka cyangwa kuzinga. Ibikoresho bya Perovskite bifatanye neza hejuru yubutaka nta gutakaza imbaraga. Ibi biborohereza gukoresha no kubaka. Ababikora barashobora gutoranya ubuso bushingiye kubikenewe, ntabwo ari wafer ya silicon gusa.
Gukora perovskite izuba modules bigura make. Bagura amadorari 0.57 kuri watt, ahendutse kurenza ayandi. Igiciro cy'amashanyarazi ni 18-22 kumafaranga. Ibi bituma bahitamo neza imishinga yingufu zishobora kubaho. Ibiciro byabo bike, byoroshye, nibikorwa byoroshye bituma bahindura umukino mumashanyarazi yizuba.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Perovskite ifite ikibazo cyo guhagarara neza mugihe runaka. Zibasirwa byoroshye nubushuhe, ubushyuhe, nizuba. Amazi arashobora gusenya perovskite, yangiza selile. Imihindagurikire yubushyuhe itera guhangayika, bigatuma selile igabanuka. Imirasire y'izuba irashobora kwangiza ibikoresho, biganisha ku kwambara vuba. Ibi bibazo bituma ingirabuzimafatizo zimara igihe kirekire, cyane cyane hanze.
Abahanga baragerageza gukora utugingo ngengabuzima. Bongeramo ibikoresho byihariye kugirango birinde kwangirika kwamazi. Ibifuniko n'ibifuniko bifasha kurinda ingirabuzimafatizo. Guhindura ibikoresho imbere muri selile nabyo birashobora gutuma bikomera. Kurugero, gukoresha 2D ibyubaka cyangwa inorganic layers bitezimbere ituze. Ibizamini bimwe byerekana selile zishobora kumara amasaha arenga 20.000 mugihe cyagenwe. Ariko benshi ntibaramba, benshi bakora amasaha atarenze 2000.
Perovskite selile ikoresha gurş, yangiza ibidukikije. Isasu rirashobora gutemba mu butaka bigatera umwanda . Ndetse n'uduce duto twa gurşu ni akaga, cyane cyane kubana. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko isasu riva muri selile rishobora kwanduza ubutaka. Ibi bituma ari ngombwa gukemura iki kibazo mbere yo gukoresha selile nyinshi.
Abashakashatsi barimo gushakisha ibikoresho byiza, byizewe byo gusimbuza isasu. Ibyuma nka tin na bismuth birageragezwa nkuburyo bwo guhitamo. Ibi bikoresho bishya bigamije gutuma selile zikora neza ariko ntizifite uburozi. Amategeko yerekeye umubare w'isasu ushobora gukoreshwa nayo arimo gukomera. Ukoresheje ibyuma bitekanye, ingirabuzimafatizo zuba zirashobora kwangiza ibidukikije.
Gukora selile ya perovskite kubwinshi ntabwo byoroshye. Biragoye kugumana ubuziranenge nibikorwa mugihe utanga byinshi. Itandukaniro mubikoresho rishobora kugabanya imikorere no kuzamura ibiciro. Ibibazo hamwe nigishushanyo, nka electrode mbi, birashobora kandi gutera kunanirwa. Ibi bibazo biragoye guhuza ibisubizo bya laboratoire mumishinga minini.
Kugurisha selile ya perovskite biracyari igitekerezo gishya. Ibibazo bihamye, nkibyangiritse byihuse bituruka kumirasire yizuba, nikibazo kinini. Amategeko yo gukora no gukoresha utugari aracyasobanutse. Isonga mu tugari nayo ikenera gufata neza no kujugunya. Nubwo ibyo bibazo, ibigo nabashakashatsi bakorana. Barimo gushakisha uburyo bwo koroshya umusaruro no kongera kwakirwa.
Gukora selile yizuba ya perovskite, ubanza gukora ibice bya perovskite. Ibi bikozwe mukuvanga umunyu wa halide hamwe na cation organic cyangwa organic organique. Crystallisation ni urufunguzo rwo gutuma selile zikora neza. Ubushyuhe bwiza bwo korohereza ni 70 ° C. Ibi bifasha gukora imiterere ya perovskite. Ingano ya kirisiti iri hagati ya 23.67 nm na 55,79 nm. Kirisiti nini ifasha selile gukuramo urumuri rwinshi. Komeza ubushyuhe bwa annealing munsi ya 110 ° C kugirango wirinde gukora PbI₂, igabanya imikorere. Kandi, gabanya igihe cya annealing kugeza munsi yiminota 30 kugirango uzamure ubuziranenge bwa kristu.
Guhitamo substrate iburyo na electrode ni ngombwa cyane. Ikirahuri, plastike, nicyuma nibisanzwe kuko bikora neza nibikoresho bya perovskite. Okiside ikora neza nka ITO cyangwa FTO ikoreshwa nka electrode. Ibi bireka urumuri rukanyura mugihe utwaye amashanyarazi. Ibikoresho byiza bifasha gukusanya no kwimura amafaranga, bigatuma ingirabuzimafatizo zuba zikora neza.
Ipitingi ya spin nuburyo bukunzwe bwo gukora imirasire y'izuba ya perovskite. Muri ubu buryo, igisubizo cyamazi hamwe na perovskite gikwirakwizwa hejuru yizunguruka. Kuzunguruka bikwirakwiza amazi muburyo buto, ndetse no murwego. Ubu buryo buroroshye kandi buhendutse, bukomeye bwo gukora selile nyinshi. Ariko ibibazo nkibyobo bito hamwe na kristu itinda bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza. Kubitsa bikurikiranye bitanga igenzura ryiza ariko birashobora gutera ubuso butaringaniye.
Uburyo bwo kubika imyuka, nka TVD na CVD, bitanga igenzura ryuzuye. TVD ikora isura nziza hamwe na kristu nini, itezimbere imikorere. CVD yizewe kandi ikora neza kubyara umusaruro munini. Ubu buryo bukora firime zo mu rwego rwo hejuru, zitunganijwe neza zikoresha imirasire y'izuba.
| Uburyo bwo guhimba | bunguka | ibibazo |
|---|---|---|
| Kubitsa Intambwe imwe (OSD) | Biroroshye gukora | Utwobo duto, gutinda buhoro |
| Kubitsa bikurikiranye (SDM) | Kugenzura neza ubuziranenge bwa film | Ibinyampeke bitaringaniye, hejuru yubusa |
| Ubushyuhe bwumuriro | Ubuso bworoshye, kristu nini | Nta na kimwe |
| Ububiko bwa Shimi | Yizewe kubyara umusaruro munini | Nta na kimwe |
Gukora imirasire y'izuba ya perovskite ikenera ubuziranenge buhoraho. Itandukaniro mubice bifatika birashobora kugabanya imikorere. Gukoresha uburyo bwo kubika imyuka birashobora gufasha kugumana nubwo. Ibikoresho bigezweho birashobora kugenzura ubunini bwa firime nubwiza mugihe cyo gukora.
Inenge nk'utwobo duto hamwe na kristu itaringaniye irashobora kubabaza imikorere. Kugira ngo bikosorwe, kunoza inzira yo gukora. Igenzura ubushyuhe bwa kristu hamwe nintambwe yo kugabanya inenge. Koresha ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge kuri buri cyiciro kugirango ubone ibisubizo byiza. Gukemura ibyo bibazo bifasha gukora imirasire y'izuba yizewe kandi ikora neza.
| birambuye | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Ibikoresho byemewe | Ibyatanzwe kuri Pb ishingiye kuri perovskite izuba. |
| Ibipimo bifatika | Imikorere namakuru yimikorere kuva mubushakashatsi butandukanye. |
| Uburyo bwo Gukora | Uburyo inzira n'ibikoresho bigira ingaruka kumikorere y'izuba. |
| Ibikoresho Byakoreshejwe | Kwiga ibikoresho muri buri cyiciro n'ingaruka zabyo. |
| Kubaka ibikoresho | Uburyo igishushanyo cyigikoresho kigira ingaruka kumikorere. |
| Kubitsa Perovskite | Gusubiramo uburyo bwo kubitsa n'ingaruka zabyo ku bwiza bw'izuba. |
Abahanga barimo gukora kugirango bateze imbere imirasire y'izuba ya perovskite. Bibanda ku gutuma baramba kandi bagakora neza. Ibikoresho bishya nibishushanyo bifasha gukemura ibyo bibazo. Kurugero, ibyiciro bibiri-2D / 3D bituma selile zikomera. Impuzu zidasanzwe nka ytterbium oxyde nayo itezimbere ituze no gukoresha ingufu.
Ibi bitekerezo ntabwo biri muri laboratoire gusa. Ibizamini byerekana iterambere nyaryo. Kurugero:
| byo Kwiga | Ibisubizo |
|---|---|
| Xiong, Y. n'abandi. | Uburyo bwiza bwo kuvanga perovskite na Cu (Muri, Ga) Se2. |
| Tang, H. n'abandi. | Kunoza kuramba ukoresheje ubwikorezi bwo guteranya ubwikorezi. |
| Azmi, R. n'abandi. | Ingirabuzimafatizo zikomeye zifite ibyiciro bibiri 2D / 3D. |
Iterambere rituzanira hafi yo gukoresha selile ahantu hose.
Isonga muri selile perovskite yangiza ibidukikije. Abahanga barimo kugerageza ibyuma bitekanye nka tin na bismuth. Ibi bikoresho bigamije gutuma selile zikora neza ariko ntizifite uburozi. Gusimbuza isasu bizatuma ikoranabuhanga rirushaho kuba ryiza kandi rifite umutekano kuri buri wese.
Amashuri makuru namasosiyete arakorana kugirango akore selile perovskite. Amashuri akora ubushakashatsi, kandi ibigo bikora ibicuruzwa. Uku gukorera hamwe bifasha ibitekerezo bishya kugera ku isoko byihuse.
Gutangiza bifasha gukura tekinoroji yizuba ya perovskite. Ibigo nka Oxford PV na Caelux byubaka imirongo itanga umusaruro. Urugero:
Oxford PV ikora umurongo wa MW 100.
Qcells yakoresheje Miliyoni 100 z'amadolari ku mushinga w'icyitegererezo.
Solar ya mbere yaguze Evolar AB kuri miliyoni 32 z'amadolari kugirango itezimbere ikoranabuhanga ryayo.
Ishoramari ryerekana kwizera muri selile perovskite. Isoko riteganijwe kwiyongera Miliyoni 181.4 z'amadolari muri 2024 kugeza kuri miliyoni 6.561.01 muri 2032 . Iri terambere ryihuse ryerekana uburyo iri koranabuhanga rishobora kuba ingenzi.
Kuvanga perovskite na silicon bitera ingirabuzimafatizo zuba. Utugingo ngengabuzima dukora neza kuruta gukoresha ibikoresho bimwe. Zifata izuba ryinshi kandi zitanga ingufu nyinshi. Ibishushanyo biheruka kugera kuri 31% bikora neza, bituma biba intambwe nini yiterambere ryingufu zisukuye.
Perovskite selile nayo ikoreshwa mubikoresho byubwenge no kubika ingufu. Nibyoroshye kandi byoroshye, byuzuye kubikoresho byambara nibikoresho byoroshye. Sisitemu ya Hybrid ifite ibikoresho byubwenge nibikoresho bidasanzwe bitezimbere imikorere. Kurugero:
| Ziranga | Inyungu |
|---|---|
| Kwakira neza urumuri | Kwambara neza bifata urumuri rwizuba. |
| Kwangiza ubushyuhe buke | Ibikoresho bidasanzwe bigabanya ibibazo byubushyuhe. |
| Umusaruro mwinshi | Bitanga ingufu zirenze izuba risanzwe. |
Iyi mikoreshereze yerekana uburyo selile perovskite ishobora guhindura ingufu zizuba hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryubwenge.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Perovskite ikora neza mugupima laboratoire. Ibyabo imiterere idasanzwe ya kristu ifasha kwimuka vuba. Ibi bibafasha kugera hejuru ya 25% . Tandem perovskite-silicon selile yakubise 28,6% . Ibikoresho bisanzwe bya silicon mubisanzwe biva kuri 16% kugeza 22%.
Ibikoresho bya Perovskite birashobora guhindurwa kugirango bitezimbere imikorere yabo. Abahanga barashobora guhindura uburyo bakurura urumuri kandi bagakoresha amashanyarazi. Ibi bituma barushaho gufata urumuri rwizuba, ndetse no mubihe bitameze neza.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Perovskite ni bihendutse gukora kuruta ibya silicon. Bakoresha ibikoresho bisanzwe hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo gucapa. Bitandukanye na silicon, ntibakenera ubushyuhe bwinshi kugirango babyaze umusaruro. Ibi bizigama ingufu kandi bigabanya ibiciro.
Uburyo bushingiye kumazi butuma byoroha kubyara selile nyinshi za perovskite. Ubu buryo butuma ibiciro bigabanuka mugihe gikomeza gukora neza. Ibi bituma tekinoroji ya perovskite ihitamo neza ingufu zihendutse.
Ibikoresho bya Silicon byizewe kandi bimara imyaka irenga 25. Batakaza imikorere mike cyane mugihe. Ingirabuzimafatizo za Perovskite, ariko, ntizimara igihe kirekire. Ibizamini byerekana imikorere yabo irashobora kugabanuka kugera kuri 80% mumyaka 1-2. Ibibazo nkamazi, ubushyuhe, nizuba ryizuba bitera uku kugabanuka.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Tandem iratera imbere kuramba. Ibikoresho bimwe bya perovskite / silicon yabitswe 90% gukora neza nyuma yamasaha 1.000 kuri 80 ° C. Ibi byerekana iterambere mugukora neza.
Abahanga barimo gukora kugirango selile perovskite ikomere. Ibishushanyo mbonera bibiri hamwe no gukingira bifasha kunoza igihe kirekire. Utugingo ngengabuzima tandem twagumije 80% nyuma yamasaha 1008 yumucyo. Izi mpinduka zishobora gufasha selile perovskite kumyaka 15 cyangwa irenga.
Gukemura ibyo bibazo bishobora gutuma selile perovskite ihitamo igihe kirekire kugirango ingufu zisukure.
Panelike ya silicon niyo ihitamo cyane ingufu zizuba. Birizewe, birahari henshi, kandi byoroshye kubyara umusaruro. Imirasire y'izuba myinshi muri iki gihe ikoresha tekinoroji ya silicon.
Ariko silicon ifite imipaka. Ntabwo ikora neza mumucyo wijimye kandi ikeneye imbaraga nyinshi zo gukora. Ibi bibazo biha selile perovskite amahirwe yo gukura kumasoko.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Perovskite iragenda ikundwa cyane. Abahanga bavuga ko isoko rizatera imbere Miliyoni 295.8 z'amadolari muri 2025 kugeza kuri miliyoni 6.958.2 muri 2032 . Ibi byerekana umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwa buri mwaka wa 57%.
Ingirabuzimafatizo za Perovskite zirakora neza kandi zihendutse kubyara kurusha silikoni. Birashobora kandi guhuzwa na silicon muri selile tandem. Mugihe abahanga bakemura ibibazo biramba nibibazo byumusaruro, selile perovskite irashobora guhindura ejo hazaza hingufu zizuba.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Perovskite irakora neza, ihendutse, kandi iroroshye. Bashobora gusimbuza paneli gakondo. Ariko bahura nibibazo nkigihe gito cyo kubaho nibidukikije. Abahanga barimo gushaka uburyo bwo gukemura ibyo bibazo. Uburyo bwiza bwo gukora no gukorera hamwe mubice bifasha gukora umusaruro munini bishoboka. Gukoresha AI nishoramari ryubwenge birashobora kwihutisha gukoresha ingufu zishobora kubaho. Iri koranabuhanga rirashobora kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kandi bigatuma ingufu zikwira isi yose. Hamwe na Ubuvumbuzi bushya no kuzamuka mu bucuruzi, ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba perovskite zishobora guhindura ingufu kandi bigafasha kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere muri 2050.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Perovskite ikoresha ibikoresho byihariye kugirango izuba ryizuba rihinduke imbaraga. Zirakora neza, zoroheje, kandi zigoramye, bigatuma zihitamo neza aho kuba paneli isanzwe.
Ingirabuzimafatizo za Perovskite zigura make, zunama byoroshye, kandi zikurura urumuri rwinshi. Utugingo ngengabuzima twa Silicon tumara igihe kirekire kandi turakomeye. Kuvanga ubwoko bwombi muri selile tandem ihuza ibintu byiza byabo.
Uturemangingo twinshi twa perovskite dufite gurş, ishobora kwangiza ibidukikije. Abahanga barimo gukora verisiyo idafite isuku kugirango irusheho kugira umutekano kandi nziza kuri iyi si.
Nibyo, ingo zirashobora gukoresha imirasire y'izuba ya perovskite. Nibyoroshye kandi byoroshye, kuburyo bihuye hejuru yinzu, kurukuta, cyangwa idirishya. Ariko bakeneye kumara igihe kinini kugirango bakoreshe burimunsi.
Muri laboratoire, selile perovskite igera hejuru ya 25%. Tandem selile hamwe na perovskite na silicon irashobora kujya hejuru ya 31%, bigatuma ikomeye cyane.
Bafite ibibazo nko gusenyuka vuba, kuyobora umwanda, n’umusaruro utoroshye. Abahanga barimo gushaka uburyo bwo gukemura ibyo bibazo.
Nibyo, ibigo bimwe bigurisha imirasire yizuba ya perovskite ubungubu. Ariko bakeneye gukemura ibibazo biramba nibidukikije kugirango babikoreshe mugari.
Ejo hazaza hasa neza. Ubushakashatsi burimo kunoza imikorere, imbaraga, n'umutekano. Bidatinze, barashobora kugabanya ibiciro no kwagura ingufu z'izuba ahantu hose.
