Nānā: 0 Mea kākau: Lunahooponopono Paena Manawa Hoʻopuka: 2024-08-08 Kumu: Paena
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana o Photovoltaic (PV) i ʻelua ʻano ma muli o ka pae hoʻohui o nā modules PV: PV pili hale (BAPV) a me PV hoʻohui hale (BIPV) . ʻOiai he mau pono ko BIPV e pili ana i ke kumukūʻai a me ka hana, aia nō kona hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pae mua. ʻO ka BAPV, hiki ke hoʻokomo pololei ʻia ma nā hale e kū nei, ke ʻano maʻamau. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā mākeke ʻē aʻe, ua hōʻea nā mea hoʻokomo BIPV ma Iapana, Farani, Italia, a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i 3GW, 2.7GW, 2.5GW, a me 0.6GW i kēlā me kēia, ʻoiai ma Kina, he 0.7GW wale nō ia i 2020, e hōʻike ana i ka mana nui no ka piʻi ʻana o ka BIPV i ka wā e hiki mai ana . Eia kekahi, mai kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻoihana, mālama ʻo BAPV i nā hiʻohiʻona hou aku o nā huahana PV, me nā papahana i alakaʻi nui ʻia e nā hui hana PV. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, pili pili ʻo BIPV i ke kaʻina hana holoʻokoʻa, e hilinaʻi nui ana i nā mana EPC o nā ʻoihana kūkulu, a laila e lawe mai i nā manawa ulu hou i ka ʻoihana kūkulu. Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, hoʻokō ʻo BAPV a me BIPV i nā ikaika a me nā nāwaliwali o kekahi, e hāʻawi ana i nā manawa ulu nui no nā mea hana PV a me nā ʻoihana kūkulu hale ma ka ʻoihana kūkulu PV.
Hōʻike nā noi Photovoltaic (PV) i nā hale i kahi palena hou no ka hana ʻana i ka ikehu lā. Hoʻopili kēia ʻenehana i nā ʻōnaehana PV me nā hale o waho o nā hale, e hoʻonui ana i ka ikehu a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana, e lilo ia i mea koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hale passive haʻahaʻa.
① Building-Attached Photovoltaic (BAPV): Pili kēia i nā ʻōnaehana PV i hoʻokomo ʻia ma nā hale e kū nei, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wahi hana ʻole no ka hana ʻana i ka ikehu. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka BAPV i ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i nā hale e kū nei.
② Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV): E pili ana kēia i nā ʻōnaehana PV i hoʻolālā like ʻia, kūkulu ʻia, a hoʻokomo pū ʻia me ka hale ponoʻī, e hoʻohui pono ana me ka hale o ka hale. ʻAʻole wale nā ʻōnaehana BIPV e hoʻoulu i ka uila akā kōkua pū kekahi i ke ʻano nani o ka hale.

① BAPV: ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana nā ʻōnaehana BAPV i nā pale kūikawā no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā modula PV i ka hale kūkulu e kū nei. Hāʻawi mua kēia mau ʻōnaehana i ka hana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ikehu me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hana kumu o ka hale, a ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he hale PV solar.
② BIPV: Loaʻa nā ʻōnaehana BIPV i hoʻokahi manawa hana a me ka hoʻokele waiwai, kahi e hoʻokomo pololei ʻia ai nā hale kākoʻo ʻōnaehana PV, nā modula PV, a me nā mea uila ʻē aʻe i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana o ka hale. ʻAʻole hana wale nā ʻōnaehana BIPV i ka uila akā hoʻololi pū kekahi i nā mea kūkulu hale maʻamau, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he mea hana a hoʻokō i nā koi hana o ka hale.
ʻO nā ʻōnaehana Photovoltaic i hoʻopili ʻia i ka hale (BAPV) a me nā ʻōnaehana Photovoltaic i hoʻohui ʻia i ka hale (BIPV) he mau ikaika a me nā nāwaliwali. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka BIPV. E like me ka helu ʻana no kahi papahana hale hale hana kila e Polaris Solar PV Network , me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi Hiki i ka ʻōnaehana hale BIPV ke mālama ma kahi o 164 RMB no ka mika square i nā kumukūʻai waiwai. Eia hou, Loaʻa i nā ʻōnaehana BIPV kahi ola hoʻolālā ma mua o 50 mau makahiki, e hāʻawi ana i nā pono waiwai hoʻokele waiwai. ʻO kahi hoʻohālikelike kikoʻī penei:
·BIPV: Ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana photovoltaic i hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo BIPV i loko o ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā holoʻokoʻa, e loaʻa ana i kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻoi aʻe o ka hui ʻana a me ka nani.
·BAPV: Ma ke ʻano he ʻōnaehana hou, hoʻohui ʻia ʻo BAPV ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻana, e alakaʻi ana i kahi hiʻohiʻona liʻiliʻi.
·BIPV: ʻO ke kaupaku o ka BIPV kūkulu ʻia he ʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa pololei, me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ikaika, e hōʻoia ana i ka palekana kiʻekiʻe.
·BAPV: Ma muli o kona ʻano hoʻoponopono hou ʻia, ʻike ka hale o nā ʻōnaehana BAPV i nā kūlana hoʻouka ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, a ma lalo o ka hoʻouka makani lōʻihi a me ka deformation, hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā hopena luhi e hiki ke hoʻololi i ka palekana o ke kūkulu ʻana.
·BIPV: Hoʻohana i nā panela aniani hydrophobic i hui pū ʻia me nā kahawai wai nui, nā sila wai ʻole, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hana i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe hale. Hiki i nā hui modular o ka hale o ka hale, ka uila, a me nā kaula skylight hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hana wai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
·BAPV: ʻAʻole hāʻawi maoli i ka wai wai; hilinaʻi ʻo ia ma luna o ka hale e loaʻa ai ka mana wai kūpono.
·BIPV: Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi, pono e hoʻokō ʻo BIPV i nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai, ka insulation, a me nā pae hoʻohālike hana ʻē aʻe, e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana.
·BAPV: Hoʻopili wale ʻia nā ʻāpana PV i kahi hale e kū nei, e maʻalahi ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana.
·BIPV: Hoʻolālā ʻia nā hale me nā panela PV modular, akā pono ka mālama ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i nā hana o ka hale, e hoʻonui ai i ka paʻakikī o ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana.
·BAPV: Hiki ke hana pololei ʻia ka mālama ʻana ma luna o ka hale me ka maʻalahi o ka wehe ʻana a me ka hoʻohui hou ʻana, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā hana a me ka mālama ʻana.
BIPV vs. BAPV: Hoʻohālikelike kumu kūʻai piha
| ltem hoohalike | Pūnaehana BIPV | Pūnaehana BAPV |
| Aluminum-magnesium-manganese Pane Puali | / |
Hoʻopili pū ʻia me nā panela o ka hale alumini-magnesium-manganese paʻa kūpaʻa a me nā kākoʻo ʻano alumini alumini T-type, ma kahi o ¥200/㎡ |
| Pūnaehana Bracket Mea Hana | Me ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā ʻāpana camphor ipu māmā, nā ʻāpana alumini alumini, nā paʻi hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma kahi o ¥0.6/W*120W/㎡=¥72 | Me nā wili, nā ala alakaʻi, nā mea paʻa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ¥0.3 /W*120W/㎡ = ¥36 |
| ʻO ka Papa Hoʻoulu mana Photovoltaic Module Unit | Me nā paneli photovoltaic a me nā papa huila Ming, ma kahi o 120W/㎡'* ¥ 2.8 / W= ¥336 | Me nā paneli photovoltaic a me nā papa huila Ming, ma kahi o 120W/㎡* ¥ 2.8 / W = ¥336 |
| Kumukuai piha (kumu waiwai) | Nā mea hoʻohana paʻa pūnaewele + papa ʻāpana hoʻomohala mana photovoltaic =¥408 /㎡ | Aluminum-magnesium-manganese panela hale + Pūnaehana bracket lako + photovoltaic power generation component board = ¥572 /㎡ |
| Uku Uuna (yuan/meka huinaha) | 408 | 572 |
| Ka hopena | Hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hale photovoltaic integrated roof system ke mālama i nā mea waiwai ¥160 /㎡ | |
ʻIkepili na Polaris Solar PV Network
BIPV vs. BAPV
| ltem hoohalike | Pūnaehana BIPV | Pūnaehana BAPV |
| Nānā hale | Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka hoʻolālā holoʻokoʻa o ka hale, me ka nalowale ʻole o ka nani | Ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻokomo ʻana, maikaʻi ʻole ka pono |
| Hoʻolālā Ola | Hiki ke ola ma mua o 50 mau makahiki | 20-25 makahiki |
| Kokua o ka hale | ʻO ka hale he hale maʻalahi me ke koʻikoʻi o ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka palekana kiʻekiʻe | ʻO ke koʻikoʻi paʻakikī, ka ukana makani lōʻihi a me ka deformation hiki ke hana i nā hopena luhi, e pili ana i ka palekana o ke kūkulu ʻana |
| Paʻa wai | Hoʻokumu ʻia ka svstem hoʻoheheʻe o ka hale e nā panela aniani hydrophobic, tanks wai nui.waterproof seals, etc. | ʻAʻole pono ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka hiki wai, ʻo ka hale i kēia manawa pono e loaʻa i ka hiki wai |
| Paʻakikī o ke kūkulu ʻana | ʻO ka pololei o ka hoʻokomo ʻana iā Hiah, hana i ka wai ʻole o ka hale, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wela a me nā hana ʻē aʻe, a he paʻakikī ke kūkulu ʻana. | Kūkulu ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana, paʻakikī haʻahaʻa i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea |
| Hana a mālama | Hoʻopili ʻia ka hale me ka modularly desianed a hoʻokomo ʻia me hoʻokahi module pākahiko ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana. I ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, pono nō e noʻonoʻo inā paʻa ka hana o ka hale, a paʻakikī ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana. | Hiki ke nānā pono ʻia a hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ma luna o ka hale, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka wehe ʻana a me ka hui ʻana, a maʻalahi ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana. |
ʻIkepili na Polaris Solar PV Network
ʻO nā pūnaewele Photovoltaic (PV) ke kumu kumu o nā ʻōnaehana hana mana PV. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i loko o nā cell solar silicon crystalline a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni e pili ana i nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia. ʻO nā cell silicon crystalline e hoʻomalu i ka māhele mākeke, ʻoiai ke manaʻo ʻia nei nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni e ʻike i ka piʻi nui ʻana ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o nā noi hale photovoltaic.
Ka hoʻohālikelike o ka crystalline silicon a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi ma ke kahua o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā photovoltaics
| Nā Kelepona Kilika Crystalline | Kiʻiʻoniʻoniʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni Solar Cells | |
| Mana no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana | ʻO kahi kahua mana kiʻi kiʻi kiʻilika crystalline me kahi ʻāpana o 1,000 square meters ka mana o 100 kW. | ʻO kahi kikowaena mana kiʻiʻoniʻoni kiʻiʻoniʻoni me kahi ʻāpana o 1,000 square meters ka mana o 70 kW. |
| Hana Haʻahaʻa-Malamalama | He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka hana ʻana o nā pūnaewele kino kino. No ka laʻana, ma ke kūlanakauhale hema o Kina, ʻo nā modules crystalline silicon PV i hoʻokomo ʻia e kū pono ana i ka hema e loaʻa i ka 59% wale nō o kā lākou hana kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o nā kūlana māmā suboptimal. | Loaʻa i ka hana māmā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni i nā kihi hoʻonohonoho. Hoʻopuka lākou i ka uila no nā manawa lōʻihi i nā kūlana māmā haʻahaʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kelepa silicon crystalline, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i kūpono no nā hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao hema ʻole, nā pā pale, a me nā papahana BlPV ma nā wahi ao a i ʻole ke anu. |
| Koepika Mahana | ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu wela. Ke ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka hana ma mua o 25°c, e emi ana ka mana kiʻekiʻe e 0.40-0.45% no kēlā me kēia piʻi 1°c. | He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka helu wela, Ke ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka hana ma mua o 25 ℃, hoʻemi ka mana kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka 0.19-0.21% wale nō no kēlā me kēia piʻi 1 ° C. |
| ʻokoʻa kala | ʻO ka nui o nā koho kala i nā aniani uliuli, e like me ka uliuli hohonu a me ka uliuli māmā. | Hiki ke hana ʻia nā modula kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi i nā kala like ʻole e like me ka mea e pono ai. |
| Kaumaha Module | Ua kaumaha nā modula. | He māmā lākou, e hōʻemi ana i ka paʻakikī o ke kūkulu hale a me nā kumukūʻai. Eia hou, ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi pā pale, koi ʻia nā modula Py kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kākoʻo ʻana a loaʻa nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā modules silicon crystalline. |
Kumu e 2021 Crystalline silicon, kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni a me ka perovskite BIPV ʻenehana a me ka forum mākeke
Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, pāʻani nā ʻōnaehana ʻenehana crystalline a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻenehana kiʻiʻoniʻoni i nā kuleana koʻikoʻi i ke kahua o nā hale photovoltaic. Loaʻa i ka ʻenehana kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni kahi pōmaikaʻi ʻokoʻa i nā papahana hale photovoltaic kikoʻī, e like me nā hale kū ʻole i ka hema, nā pā pale a me nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau. Wahi a kahi noiʻi 2018 e ka Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ma Kelemānia ma nā papahana BIPV ʻEulopa , ma kahi o 90% o nā papahana BIPV o ka hale e hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana silika crystalline, aʻo kahi o 56% o nā papahana BIPV façade e hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
ʻIkepili na Fraunhofer
ʻIkepili na Fraunhofer
Hoʻohālikelike a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻōnaehana ʻenehana nui o nā cell photovoltaic
| Pūnaehana ʻenehana | Mea Pono | Ka Hoʻololi Photoelectric Efficiency | Pōmaikaʻi | Ka pōʻino |
| Nā Pūnaewele Kelepona Silicon Crystalline | Monocrystalline silika | 16% - 18% | ʻO ke ola lōʻihi (maʻamau a hiki i 20-30 mau makahiki), kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe photoelectric hoʻololi pono | ʻO ke kumukūʻai hana kiʻekiʻe, ka manawa hana lōʻihi, ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa |
| ʻO ke kilika polycrystalline | 14% - 16% | ʻO ke kūpaʻa māmā kiʻekiʻe, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ka hana maʻalahi, a ʻaʻole maopopo ka emi ʻana o ka pono | Haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa mana hana hana | |
| Kiʻiʻoniʻoniʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni Solar Cells | Silikona amorphous | 6% - 9% | ʻenehana makua, haʻahaʻa hana paepae | ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻololi kiʻi kiʻi palena palena |
| Copper indium gallium selenide (ClGS) | 11% | ʻO ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻohe emi, maikaʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hana, kiʻekiʻe photoelectric hoʻololi pono | He mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻenehana i nā ratio elemental, a paʻakikī ke ʻano, e koi ana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukau. kūlana |
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| Cadmium telluride (CdTe) | 9% - 12% | ʻO ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka hoʻololi hoʻololi kiʻekiʻe, coefficient haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (hana maikaʻi loa ma ka wela haʻahaʻa), hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa maikaʻi. | ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea maka a me ka ʻawaʻawa o ka cadmium pono i kahi ʻōnaehana hana hou nui, e paʻakikī i nā noi nui. |
Source by Research on the application of solar photovoltaics in buildings, Overview of the development of copper indium gallium selenide thin-film solar cell industry
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā mana hoʻonohonoho mōʻaukala o nā wahi i hoʻomohala ʻia, ua like ka nui o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o BIPV o Kina i nā pae i hiki i Iapana a me ʻEulopa ma kahi o 5 a 10 mau makahiki i hala. Hōʻike kēia trajectory he mamao loa ka mākeke ma Kina, a aia kahi lumi nui no ke komo ʻana o BIPV e hoʻonui i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
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CdTe Solar Photovoltaic Glass No nā Facades & Ventilated PV Systems
Nā ʻŌnaehana Aniani Solar: Hoʻoikaika Manaʻo ʻana i nā Hale Kahiko
Ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka lā ʻapōpō: E ʻimi ana i ka ʻenehana BIPV