Nānā: 0 Mea kākau: Lunahooponopono Paena Manawa Hoʻopuka: 2023-07-18 Kumu: Paena
Ua ʻike ka mākeke nui nui i ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana, me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā hōʻailona mālama ikehu i kā lākou hoʻouna ʻana ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kūloko. I ka makahiki 2021, ua alakaʻi ʻia nā moku mālama mālama Kina e CATL. Ua ulu wikiwiki nā hoʻouna PCS mālama ikehu.
Eia kekahi, ua puka mai nā ʻenehana hou aʻe, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ka ʻoihana mālama ikehu. Hāʻawi ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe-voltage i nā pōmaikaʻi nui i nā hiʻohiʻona nui. Ua kū pinepine nā hale mālama ahi i ke ahi, e alakaʻi ana i ka manaʻo nui i ka palekana mālama mālama i nā kulekele. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe wai a me nā hoʻonā ketone fluorine holoʻokoʻa i loaʻa i ka nānā. ʻO nā ʻenehana hoʻopaʻa ikehu electrochemical hou, e like me ka mālama ʻana i ka pākaukau sodium-ion, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu pā wai kahe, a me ka mālama hydrogen, ua wikiwiki i ka ʻoihana. Ke hoʻokō ʻia nei nā ʻenehana hoʻopaʻa ikehu kino hou, e like me ka mālama ʻana i ka māmā a me ka wela, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu gravity, ka mālama ʻana i ka ea compressed, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu flywheel, ma o nā papahana hōʻike.
Aia i loko o ke kaulahao ʻoihana mālama ikehu nā loulou like ʻole:
Pūnaehana mālama ikehu: Hoʻopili kēia i nā ʻeke, PCS, BMS, EMS, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā mea pāʻani koʻikoʻi ma kēia wahi ʻo CATL, EVE Lithium Energy, Sunshine Power, Nandu Power, Kesta, Kehua Data, BYD, Sunshine Power, Jinlang Technology, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loaʻa kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi ma waho.
ʻEnekinia EPC, ʻike pili pūnaewele, a ma hope o ka hana ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana: ʻO nā hui kaulana i kēia māhele ʻo South China Technology, Ates, Linyang Energy, Baoguan
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana mea hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ikehu e hoʻohuli nui ʻia a puni ka lithium iron phosphate, a ke ulu nei nā pā i nā mana nui.
E like me nā koi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, ʻo ka nui o ka ikehu o nā ʻoihana mālama i ka ikehu he ≥145Wh / kg, a ʻo ka nui o ka ikehu o nā pā pākaukau he ≥110Wh / kg. ʻO ke ola pōʻai he ≥5,000 mau manawa, a ʻo ka nui o ka mālama ʻana he ≥80%. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu electrochemical, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻenehana mālama ʻana i ka ikehu pākahi lithium, ke hele nei i kahi pōʻai hoʻololi hou. Ke puka mālie nei nā ʻenehana hou a me nā hiʻohiʻona e like me nā ʻeke nui, ka uila kiʻekiʻe, a me ka hoʻoilo wai/wai. Eia kekahi, hiki ke loaʻa i nā pāpaʻi sodium-ion ka lanakila hoʻokūkū i ka wā e hiki mai ana ma muli o ko lākou kumukūʻai.
Ke alakaʻi nei nā mea hana Kina i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā kelepona mālama ikehu honua, a ʻo CATL ka mea hoʻolako kiʻekiʻe o ka honua. Ua manaʻo ʻia he 59.9GWh ka nui o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ikehu mālama honua i ka makahiki 2021, me ka helu ʻana o Ningde Times no 16.7GWh, a i ʻole 27.9% o ka huina. Ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Paineng Technology i ka 1.5GWh, helu no 2.6%. Manaʻo ʻia nā moku e hōʻea i 114.9GWh i 2022, he 91.9% hoʻonui, me Ningde Times helu no 45.0GWh, a i ʻole 169.5%. E like me ka helu ʻana, ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki i ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻenehana mālama honua i ka 122.5/219.6GWh i 2022-2023, e hōʻike ana i ka piʻi ʻana o 101%/79%. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Ningde Times e noho i ka 50/100GWh o nā hoʻouna, e hōʻike ana i ka piʻi ʻana o 199%/100%, a mālama i kahi kūlana alakaʻi.
Ma ke aupuni o ka ʻenehana inverter, ke neʻe nei ke ʻano i ka hale hoʻolālā DC 1500V, e hoʻololi ana i ka hoʻolālā kuʻuna 1000V, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā kikowaena mana. I ka makahiki 2021, ma kahi o 49.4% o nā hoʻonohonoho photovoltaic home i hana ʻia ma ka pae uila DC, aʻo ka mākeke 1000V no 50.6%. Hoʻohana nui nā ʻōnaehana photovoltaic i hāʻawi ʻia i ka pae uila 1000V. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana nā ʻōnaehana noho a pau i ka ʻōnaehana 1000V-level, aʻo 80% o nā ʻōnaehana ʻoihana a me nā ʻoihana e hoʻohana i ka pae 1000V.
Hōʻike ka ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu 1500V i nā pono nui. ʻO ka huahana koʻikoʻi o ka ʻōnaehana 1500V ʻo ia ka 1500V mālama mālama PCS. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻōnaehana mua, hāʻawi ka ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu 1500V i ka piʻi ʻana o 35% + i ka nui o ka ikehu a me ka mana o ka mana, kahi hoʻemi 5% + i ke kumukūʻai ʻōnaehana, a me ka piʻi ʻana o 0.3% + i ka pono o ka ʻōnaehana. Me kahi pahu 40-kapuaʻi a me kahi pākaukau 280AH, ʻo ka nui o ka mana i hoʻokomo ʻia no kahi pākaukau 1000V he 3.3MWh, ʻoiai hiki i ka ʻōnaehana 1500V ke hoʻokō i ka 4.5MWh. Ma waho aʻe o ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai e pili ana i nā PCS, nā pākaukau, a me nā mea kōkua, ʻoi aku ka emi o ka hana, ke kumu, a me ka ʻāina. Ua ʻike nā papahana nui hou i ka 1500V penetration rate ma mua o ʻelua hapakolu. ʻO nā mea hana ʻelele ma kēia wahi, ʻo ia ʻo Sunshine, Shangneng, a me Kehua, me Shangneng Electric e hoʻopaʻa nei i kahi papahana mālama ikehu 500 MW-level ma Shandong me ka hoʻohana ʻana i 1500V PCS.
Ke ulu mau nei ka noi o ka ʻenehana inverter, a ke hoʻokō nui ʻia nei ka hui PCS ma kahi nui. Hoʻopuka ka hui PCS i nā palena o nā ʻōnaehana PCS kikowaena a hiki i nā noi nui. Hoʻohana nui nā ʻōnaehana mālama ʻenehana i kēia manawa i nā PCS kikowaena, hiki ke alakaʻi i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā puʻupuʻu pākaukau a me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana o kekahi mau pā. ʻAe ʻo PCS string hui i ka hoʻokele cluster-level, hoʻonui i ke ola o ka ʻōnaehana, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i loko o ke ola holoʻokoʻa, a hōʻike i ka ulu ulu ʻana i nā noi nui. ʻO ka papahana Huaneng Huangtai 100MW/200MWH ka hale mana mālama ikehu nui mua loa ma Kina e hoʻohana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻolālā PCS. Pēlā nō, hoʻohana ka papahana 3MW/6MWH ma Texas, Shandong, i kēia hoʻolālā ʻōnaehana.
Ua hoʻokō ʻo Guodian Investment Oil City Daqing i kahi 200MW Optical Storage Experimental Platform. Hāʻawi ʻo Shangneng Electric i nā mea hoʻohuli hoʻohālike like ʻole, me ka 230kW pūʻulu string inverters, kakini o 225kW a me 175kW pūʻulu string inverters, 3.125MW centralized all-in-one machines, a me 3.15MW i puunaue i nā mīkini a pau. ʻO ka 250kW pūʻulu string inverter, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻololi i ke ala hoʻonohonoho decentralized kuʻuna. Me kahi papa hana 1MW i hoʻohui ʻia a me ka hana kikowaena a me ka hoʻokele mālama ʻana, ua hoʻemi nui ia i ka manawa a me nā koi kanaka me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana pono.
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻike kikohoʻe me nā ʻenehana mālama photovoltaic a me ka ikehu, ua puka mai kahi manaʻo hou o ka hoʻokumu ʻana, naʻauao, a me ka hoʻolālā modular o nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu. ʻO kēia ala e hiki ai i ka hoʻokele hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma ka pae o ka pākaukau, ka hopena i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana, hoʻemi ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka pākaukau e 13%, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ola pākaukau e 50%, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopukapuka me ka 30% hoʻemi i ka hoʻonohonoho mua ʻana, ka hana liʻiliʻi a me ka mālama ʻana (e hōʻemi ana i ka halihali a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kumukūʻai e 50 miliona yuan ma mua o 25 mau makahiki), hoʻonui i ka palekana a me ke kūpaʻa (loaʻa i ka helu o 99% a hiki i ka hilinaʻi holoʻokoʻa. 20% i ke kumu kūʻai o ka mālama ʻana (LCOS). Kōkua pū kēia hoʻolālā i ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka parity photovoltaic i ka parity mālama ʻana i ka ikehu.
ʻO kahi hemahema ʻo ia ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o PCS i kēia manawa, akā nui ka lumi no ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kumukūʻai. ʻO nā mea hana ʻelele ma kēia kahua ʻo Huawei, Shangeng, a me Shenghong.
Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻolālā topological uila, hāʻawi nā hoʻolālā hui kiʻekiʻe-voltage i nā pono nui no nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu nui.
Ke piʻi aʻe nei ka mana o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻohui, ʻo ka papahana kuʻuna piʻi ʻana o ka volta e kū nei i nā pilikia. ʻO ka mea mua, pono nā mana nui i ka helu kiʻekiʻe o nā pākaukau, kahi e hoʻonui ai i nā pilikia palekana. ʻO ka lua, e like me ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o nā pōʻai pākaukau, e emi mālie ka hana maʻamau i waena o nā cell pākahi. Hoʻopili pū kēia mau mea i ka mana o ka mīkini hoʻokahi o ka ʻōnaehana. Eia hou, ke piʻi aʻe nei nā mea hana like, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kamaʻilio lua a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana.
ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi o nā hoʻolālā hui kiʻekiʻe-voltage-level no nā ʻōnaehana mana nui aia i kā lākou hui like ʻana o nā ʻāpana mālama ikehu lehulehu. Hoʻopuka kēlā me kēia pūʻulu mālama ikehu i nā haneli a hiki i nā haneli volts, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ākea ākea no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka pākaukau. Hoʻemi kēia i ka leo o ka puʻupuʻu pākaukau a me ka helu o nā pā i makemake ʻia, me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana i ka mana ʻōnaehana me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka palekana.
I kēia manawa, ʻo Guodian Nanrui, Jinpan Technology, Zhiguang Electric, Sifang Co., Ltd., a me New Scenery i kēia manawa, ʻo nā hui kūloko me ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe-voltage-level. Ua paʻi kēia mau hui a loaʻa i nā kauoha he 135 miliona yuan.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua nui nā ahi i loko o nā keʻena mana mālama ikehu, e hōʻike ana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana, ka hoʻokele wela, a me ka pale ahi i nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu. Ua hoʻokō ʻia nā kulekele ʻoihana e hoʻoponopono i kēia mau pilikia, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me nā ʻōnaehana pale ahi. ʻO ka lithium metala, aia i loko o nā pākahi lithium-ion, hōʻike i ka reactivity kiʻekiʻe a ua hāpai i nā hopohopo palekana no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pā lithium i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu. Hōʻike nā helu helu piha ʻole ma luna o 17 mau hanana mālama mālama i ka honua holoʻokoʻa ma 2022. Ua hoʻolauna ka ʻāina i nā kulekele e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka palekana ahi mai 2021, e hoʻoikaika ana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka pale ahi ma lalo o nā kūlana hou.
Ma ke kahua o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu, hui pū nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, a he nui nā mea pāʻani e pili ana i ka hoʻohui pūnaewele. ʻEkolu mau ʻano nui i kēia manawa:
ʻO ka hoʻolālā kaulahao ʻoihana holoʻokoʻa: ʻO nā hui i pili i ka pākaukau, PCS, BMS, hana EMS, e like me BYD, e hōʻike i kēia ʻano ma ka home.
Hoʻohui ʻoihana: Hoʻopili kēia ʻano i nā mea hoʻohui e kūʻai i nā ʻāpana ma waho a loea i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana. He liʻiliʻi nā noi ma ka ʻāina akā ua hōʻike ʻia e nā hui haole e like me DOOSAN a me IHI.
Hoʻololi mai nā mea hoʻolako lako i nā mea hoʻohui pūnaewele: Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka home. ʻO nā hui i nānā mua i nā huahana kiko'ī, e like me nā mea hoʻohuli kiʻi photovoltaic e like me Jinlang Technology, Gudewei, a me Deye Technology, nā mea hana hoʻopaʻa uila mana e like me Energy, Penghui Energy, a me nā mea hana o PCS / BMS / EMS e like me Jinpan Technology, Cosmald, Ke Shida, Kesta, KOCS, China Data, Baoguang Co., Ltd. Ma ka mākeke US, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā mea hana i hoʻohui ʻia e hana ana ma nā ʻano hoʻohālike ʻekolu.
ʻO nā pāpaʻi sodium-ion: Ke holo wikiwiki nei ke kaʻina hana ʻoihana no nā pākahi sodium-ion. Hāʻawi nā pānaʻi sodium i ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā pā lithium ma ke kumukūʻai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma muli o ka nui o nā kumu sodium. Hōʻike nā pāpaʻi sodium i ka hoʻopiʻi wikiwiki ʻana (hiki i ka 80% mana i 15 mau minuke ma ke ana wela), ka hana maikaʻi i nā kūlana haʻahaʻa, ke ola pōʻai o 4,000-5,000 mau manawa ma lalo o nā kūlana wela maʻamau, a me ka puʻupuʻu ikehu e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā pā hao-lithium. ʻOiai ʻo ka waiwai lithium i hōʻoia ʻia i ka honua i ka makahiki 2022 ma kahi o 89 miliona tons, me ka hapa o ka hapa o lākou i kahele ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hema, loaʻa iā Kina he 5.1 miliona tons, e hōʻike ana he 6% wale nō o ka honua. Eia kekahi, ʻo 65% o nā mea pono lithium e koi i ka lawe ʻana mai. I ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, nui nā kumuwaiwai sodium a hoʻolaha nui ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, me ka wai kai waiwai nui o ka sodium chloride.
ʻO nā pihi kahe: ʻO nā ʻeke wai kahe, kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā electrolytes maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi ʻole, hāʻawi i ka hana maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka hao-chromium a me ka piha piha piha ʻelua mau kuhikuhi kalepa nui ma kēia kahua.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu māmā māmā: Loaʻa i ka hana mana wela māmā kahi pono kūlohelohe ma ke ʻano he ʻano mālama mālama ikehu, ʻoi loa no ka hoʻoponopono kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻoponopono alapine.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu gravity: ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu gravity kahi ʻano hana mālama ikehu mechanical e hoʻohana ai i ka ikehu mai kahi ʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā kaʻina hana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia: ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ea i nā manawa o ka mana haʻahaʻa a mālama ʻia i loko o nā moku kiʻekiʻe, e like me nā mines i haʻalele ʻia, nā pahu hoʻopaʻa kinoea, nā ana, nā pūnāwai ʻaila a me nā pūnāwai i hoʻopau ʻia, a i ʻole nā pūnāwai kinoea i hana hou ʻia. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mālama ʻana i ka ea i loko o nā moku kaomi e like me nā kini kila, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wahi ma lalo o ka honua e like me nā ana paʻakai no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kikowaena mana kiʻekiʻe e hōʻemi nui i nā kumu waiwai a me nā kumukūʻai ʻāina. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻōnaehana mālama ea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e like me nā ʻōnaehana kuʻuna (e koi ana i ka hoʻopiha hou ʻana), nā ʻōnaehana me nā mea mālama wela, a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ikehu wai/gas, e pili ana i ka ʻenehana hana, ka mea mālama, a me ke kumu wela.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu lele: ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu Flywheel kahi ʻenehana hou i ka wā mua o ka hoʻolaha ʻana. Hoʻohana ia i ka huila lele e mālama a hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu.
