Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2025-08-27 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru butuma imirasire y'izuba ikora neza, cyane cyane ahantu hashyushye. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bubabaza imikorere ya pv kubera impinduka zumubiri n amashanyarazi. Imirasire y'izuba nka PERC, TOPCon, IBC, na HJT itakaza imikorere iyo ishyushye. Coefficient yubushyuhe yerekana uburyo imikorere igabanuka. Kuri module nyinshi, iyi mibare iri hagati ya -0.24 na -0.34% / ° C. Mu bihe bishyushye, imirasire y'izuba irashobora gushyuha nka 65-70 ° C. Ibi bitera ibitonyanga binini mumbaraga bakora.
Imirasire y'izuba igabanuka iyo ishyushye. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku mbaraga zakozwe ako kanya kandi umwaka urenga.
| Module | Ubwoko bwubushyuhe (% / ° C) | Biteganijwe ko gutakaza ingufu kuri 40 ° C kuzamuka |
|---|---|---|
| PERC | -0.34 | Igihombo kigera kuri 13,6% |
| TOPCon | -0.32 | Igihombo hafi 12.8% |
| IBC | -0.29 | Igihombo hafi 11,6% |
| HJT | -0.24 | Igihombo hafi 9,6% |
Ingaruka zubushyuhe kumirasire yizuba ni impungenge nini kubashushanya pv module. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko coefficient zubushyuhe zitandukanye kuri buri tekinoroji. Iyi mibare ntabwo iba mibi uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana. Iyo ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka kumirasire y'izuba, bivuze imbaraga nke namafaranga make ava mumirasire y'izuba.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru butuma imirasire y'izuba idakora neza. Ibi bibaho kuko ubushyuhe buhindura ibintu imbere muri module. Izi mpinduka zitera panele gukora imbaraga nke.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwizuba butakaza ingufu kumuvuduko utandukanye. Panel zimwe, nka HJT na CIGS, zikora neza mubushuhe. Babika imbaraga nyinshi iyo bishyushye hanze.
Gushyira paneli inzira nziza ibafasha kuguma bakonje. Kuzamura imbaho bituma umwuka ugenda munsi yazo. Gukoresha ibikoresho byo gukonjesha nabyo bifasha paneli gukora neza.
Ibikoresho biri mu mirasire y'izuba bifite akamaro kanini. Ibintu nka encapsulants hamwe na coatings bifasha panne gukora ubushyuhe. Ibi bikoresho kandi bifasha paneli kumara igihe kinini ahantu hashyushye.
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryubwenge birashobora gufasha panele gukora neza. Barashobora gukora imirasire yizuba igera kuri 15% neza. Ibi bituma ingufu z'izuba zifite akamaro kandi zihendutse ahantu hashyushye.
Imirasire y'izuba ikora amashanyarazi ukoresheje ingaruka ya Photovoltaque. Imirasire y'izuba ikubita ingirabuzimafatizo y'izuba kandi ikagenda ikora electron. Uru rugendo rutanga amashanyarazi. Bandgap nimbaraga zikenewe kugirango electroni yubusa. Moderi zitandukanye za pv zifite imirongo itandukanye. Igituba gihindura uburyo urumuri rwizuba ruhinduka amashanyarazi.
Iyo bishyushye, igituba kiba gito. Ibi bivuze ko electron ikenera imbaraga nke zo kugenda. Ariko electron nyinshi zirashobora kongera kwiyunga mbere yo kwegeranywa. Nigute module ikonje igira ingaruka nziza. Niba module idashobora gukonja vuba, imikorere yayo igabanuka cyane. Kuri CIGSe selile yizuba, kugenzura bandgap bifasha voltage nubushobozi. Ibi birerekana impamvu kugumisha modules ari ngombwa kubikorwa bya pv.
Icyitonderwa: Shyushya uburyo electron zikora imbere muri module. Ibi bitangirira kurwego rwa atome kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere.
Ubushyuhe buhindura voltage nubu biva mumirasire y'izuba. Iyo bimaze gushyuha, gufungura amashanyarazi ya voltage (VOC) biramanuka. Ibi bibaho kuko abatwara ibintu byinshi bari imbere muri selire. Electron irashobora gusubira inyuma byoroshye. Kuri panike yizuba ya silicon, voltage igabanuka hafi milivolts 2,2 kuri dogere selisiyusi.
Umuyoboro mugufi (ISC) uzamuka gato hamwe nubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bworohereza electroni kugenda. Rero, gato birenzeho bitemba. Ariko kugabanuka kwa voltage nini cyane kuruta inyungu zubu. Ibi bivuze ko module imbaraga nubushobozi bigenda bigabanuka uko bigenda bishyuha.
Ubushuhe bushushe butuma umuyagankuba ufunguye.
Umuyoboro mugufi uzunguruka gato kuko electron zigenda byoroshye.
Umuvuduko wa voltage nini kuruta inyungu zubu, bityo imikorere iragabanuka.
Impinduka mukurwanya imbere muri module nayo ihindura ibisohoka.
Ibizamini byerekana ibi bintu bibaho. Iyo akanama gashyushye, voltage igabanuka, ikizamuka gato, kandi ibisohoka byose bikagwa. Niyo mpamvu ubushyuhe ari impungenge zikomeye kubashushanya izuba.
Ubushyuhe butuma electron nu mwobo byongera kwiyongera imbere muri selile. Niba bongeye kwiyunga mbere yo kugera kuri contact, module itakaza amashanyarazi. Ubushyuhe bushyushye butuma iyi recombination ibaho kenshi. Ibi bigabanya ikigezweho kandi bigatuma akanama kadakora neza.
Ubushyuhe bwa module buhindura umubare wa electron zongera kwiyongera.
Inenge nyinshi mubikoresho bisobanura ahantu henshi kwiyubaka.
Ubushyuhe buzamura imyigaragambyo imbere muri module, bigatuma imigendekere ikomera.
Kwiyubaka kwinshi no kurwanya birwanya ubushobozi buke nibisohoka.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buzamura ingirabuzimafatizo. Ibi bituma bigora amashanyarazi kunyura muri module. Rero, imikorere iramanuka cyane. Byombi kwiyubaka hamwe no kurwanya hamwe bivuze ko ubushyuhe bushobora gutera igihombo kinini.
Muri make, ubushyuhe bugira ingaruka kuri pv muguhindura bandgap, voltage, ikigezweho, recombination, hamwe no kurwanya. Ibi bintu byose bikorana kugirango bigabanye imikorere uko bigenda bishyuha.
Imirasire y'izuba ibona amanota yayo kuva Ikizamini gisanzwe, cyitwa STC. STC ikoresha igenamiterere rya laboratoire. Ubushyuhe bwakagari bushyirwa kuri 25 ° C. Imirasire y'izuba irakomeye cyane kuri 1000 W / m². Ariko ubuzima nyabwo ntabwo bumeze nka laboratoire. Hanze, imirasire y'izuba irashyuha kandi urumuri rw'izuba rukaba ruke. Umuyaga n'umuyaga nabyo bihindura uburyo paneli ikora neza.
| Ibipimo | Byibipimo Byibizamini (STC) | Imikorere-Isi Yimikorere (NOCT) |
|---|---|---|
| Irradiance | 1000 W / m² (ubukana bw'izuba ryiza) | 800 W / m² (munsi, izuba risanzwe) |
| Ubushyuhe | Ubushyuhe bwakagari kuri 25 ° C (77 ° F) | Ubushyuhe bwibidukikije kuri 20 ° C (68 ° F); selile selile ~ 45 ° C. |
| Misa yo mu kirere | 1.5 (uburebure bw'ikirere gisanzwe) | Ntabwo bisobanuwe neza, biratandukana |
| Umuvuduko Wumuyaga | Ntabwo bisuzumwa | 1 m / s (bigira ingaruka ku gukonja n'ubushyuhe) |
Imbonerahamwe yerekana ko STC imeze nkisi itunganye. Mubuzima busanzwe, izuba ryinshi rigera kuri 45 ° C. Babona kandi izuba ryinshi kuruta muri laboratoire. Izi mpinduka zituma imirasire yizuba idakora neza. Mubuzima busanzwe, panele mubisanzwe itanga 70-80% gusa murwego rwa STC. Ba injeniyeri bakoresha iyi mibare kugirango bakeke imbaraga sisitemu izakora hanze ya laboratoire.
Ibindi bintu nabyo bigabanya imbaraga ubona. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana igihombo gisanzwe muri sisitemu yizuba nyayo:
| Gutakaza Ibintu | Bisanzwe Gutakaza Urwego / Ingaruka |
|---|---|
| Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe | Imikorere iragabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwa module buzamuka (urugero, 5-10% derate) |
| Gukoresha no kuyobora | Ingufu zabuze mumigozi no guhuza (1-3%) |
| Inverter | Igihombo cyo guhindura kuva DC kugeza AC (95-98% imikorere) |
| Ubutaka nigicucu | Kugabanya umusaruro kubera ivumbi, umwanda, shelegi, igicucu (2-5%) |
| Gutesha agaciro Module | Gutakaza umusaruro wumwaka hafi 0.5% kumwaka |
Imirasire y'izuba ikora neza muri laboratoire kuruta hanze. Ikigereranyo cyimikorere, cyangwa PR, igereranya ibisohoka nyabyo nibisohoka neza. Imibare ya PR iva kuri 66% ikagera kuri 88%. Ibi bivuze ibintu byinshi, nkubushyuhe, insinga, nimyaka, byose bikoresha ingufu zituruka kumirasire y'izuba.
Coefficient yubushyuhe iratubwira uko ingufu z'izuba zigabanuka iyo zishyushye zirenze 25 ° C. Urashobora kubona iyi nimero kurupapuro. Yerekanwa nkijanisha kuri buri dogere selisiyusi. Ba injeniyeri bakoresha coefficient yubushyuhe kugirango bamenye ingufu zitakara mugihe ikibaho gishyushye.
Coefficient yubushyuhe igira ingaruka kubintu byingenzi:
Gufungura amashanyarazi (VOC)
Umuyoboro mugufi (ISC)
Ingingo ntarengwa (Pmpp)
Kurugero, niba module ifite coeffisente yubushyuhe bwa -0.3% / ° C, itakaza 0.3% yingufu zayo kuri buri rwego ruri hejuru ya 25 ° C. Abatekinisiye bareba ibi bareba uko voltage, ikigezweho, cyangwa imbaraga zihinduka mugihe akanama gashyuha. Coefficient yubushyuhe ifasha abantu gushushanya sisitemu no kwirinda ibibazo bituruka kuri voltage nyinshi iyo hakonje.
Imirasire y'izuba iterwa na coefficient y'ubushyuhe. Umubare muto bivuze gutakaza ingufu nke mubihe bishyushye. Module zimwe, nka HJT, zifite coefficient nziza. Ibi nibyiza ahantu hashyushye cyane.
Imirasire y'izuba itakaza ingufu uko zishushe. Ba injeniyeri bakoresha imibare kugirango bakeke umubare wabuze. Inzira imwe yubushyuhe bwakagari isa nkiyi:
Tcell = Tamb + (1 / U) * (Alpha * Ginc * (1 - Ingirakamaro))
Tcell: ubushyuhe bwakagari
Tamb: ubushyuhe bwibidukikije
U: gutakaza ubushyuhe (W / m² · K)
Alpha: coefficient de coiffure (mubisanzwe 0.9)
Ginc: urumuri rw'izuba ruza (irradiance)
Ingirakamaro: imikorere yizuba
Niba umwuka ari 35 ° C, urumuri rwizuba ni 800 W / m², kandi ikibaho gikora 20%, selile irashobora gushyuha kurenza 55 ° C. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa selile bivuze ko imbaraga nyinshi zabuze. Niba coefficient yubushyuhe ari -0.3% / ° C, kuzamuka kwa 30 ° C hejuru ya 25 ° C bivuze kugabanuka kwingufu 9%.
Abahanga bamaze imyaka myinshi biga izuba hejuru yinzu. Basanze gutakaza ubushyuhe ari igice kinini cyigihombo cyose. Ibi byitwa igihombo cyo gufata igihombo. Igihe kirenze, panele nayo itakaza imikorere ya 0.5% buri mwaka. Umukungugu, igicucu, no gutakaza insinga bituma ibintu biba bibi.
Impanuro: Buri gihe ugenzure coefficient yubushyuhe kandi ukoreshe amakuru nyayo kugirango uhanure igihombo.
Imirasire y'izuba itakaza ingufu mugihe cy'ubushyuhe. Mugupima ibyo bihombo, abashushanya barashobora gutoranya panne nziza nuburyo bwo kuyishyiraho imbaraga nyinshi.
Imirasire y'izuba ikoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye kugirango ikore amashanyarazi aturuka ku zuba. Crystalline silicon modules ikora neza mubihe bisanzwe. Monocrystalline silicon modules irashobora kugera kuri 26.7%. Polycrystalline modules irashobora kugera kuri 24.4%. Module ntoya, nka CIGS, ifite ubushobozi buke. Ariko bakora neza ahantu hashyushye. CIGS modules itakaza imikorere mike iyo ishyushye. Coefficient yubushyuhe bwabo ni -0.36% / ° C. Crystalline silicon modules ifite coefficient zo hejuru. Ibi bivuze ko batakaza imbaraga nyinshi iyo bishyushye. Module yoroheje nayo ikora neza mugihe hari urumuri ruto cyangwa igicucu. Ubwoko
| bw'Icyiciro | Cyiza (%) | Coefficient (% / ºC) Ubushyuhe bwo Kumva | Ubushyuhe no Gutakaza Ingaruka Incamake |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monocrystalline c-Si | 15 - 20 | -0.446 | Gukora neza ariko gutakaza imbaraga nyinshi uko bishyushye |
| Polycrystalline c-Si | 13 - 16 | -0.387 | Ubushobozi buciriritse hamwe no kumva neza ubushyuhe |
| CIGS Ntoya | 10 - 14.5 (bisanzwe) | -0.36 | Ubushobozi buke ariko butagerwaho nubushyuhe, bukora neza mumucyo ushushe kandi muto |
Module yoroheje ikomeza gukora neza mumucyo ushushe kandi uhindura. Crystalline silicon modules ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru ariko itakaza imbaraga nyinshi iyo ishyushye.
Imirasire y'izuba ikomeza gutera imbere. Module ya HJT igera kuri 26.56% ikora neza muri laboratoire. Bakomeza imikorere myiza niyo yaba ishyushye. Coefficient yubushyuhe bwabo ni -0,25% / ° C. Rero, batakaza imbaraga nke iyo bishyushye. Modul ya TOPCon ifite imikorere ihanitse kandi ntabwo ihenze cyane. Ubushyuhe bwabo buri hafi -0.32% / ° C. Moderi ya IBC ikoresha igishushanyo mbonera. Ibi bifasha kugabanya igicucu kandi bitanga 22-24%. Coefficient yubushyuhe bwabo ni -0.29% / ° C. PERC module ikoreshwa cyane ariko igatakaza imikorere myiza mubushuhe. Coefficient yubushyuhe
| bwikoranabuhanga | (% / ° C) | Ikigereranyo cyo gutakaza ingufu (25 ° C kugeza 65 ° C) | Ibiranga imikorere nuburyo bukoreshwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| HJT | Hafi ya -0.243% | Hafi ya 9,72% | Ubushyuhe bwiza; gukora neza hejuru ya 24%; gutesha agaciro; byiza ahantu hashyushye, izuba no gukoresha inyubako. |
| TOPCon | Hafi ya -0.32% | Hafi ya 12.8% | Ubushyuhe bwo hagati; imipaka ntarengwa igera kuri 28.7%; igiciro cyiza; ikora neza ahantu hashyushye. |
| IBC | Hafi ya -0.29% | Abagera kuri 11,6% | Gukora neza (22-24%); asa neza; igicucu gito; byiza ku nyubako nziza. |
| PERC | Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru | Gutakaza ingufu nyinshi kurenza abandi | Yakoreshejwe cyane ariko itakaza imbaraga nyinshi mubushuhe; imikorere igabanuka cyane kubushyuhe bwo hejuru. |
Imirasire y'izuba ikora ukundi hanze ya laboratoire. Ahantu hashyushye, moderi ya silisiki ya silicon itakaza 8-9% yingufu zabo zumwaka kubera ubushyuhe. Moderi yoroheje ya firime itakaza hafi 5% gusa. CIGS module ikomeza igipimo cyiza cyo gukora hagati ya 10-50 ° C. Ibintu nkumukungugu, ubushuhe, numuyaga nabyo bihindura uburyo pv module ikora neza. Umukungugu nubushuhe birashobora gutera amashanyarazi agera kuri 30%. Uburyo bukonje, nka sisitemu ya Hybrid PV-yubushyuhe, ifasha paneli gukora neza ahantu hashyushye.
| Ikoranabuhanga rya Photovoltaque | Gutakaza Ubushyuhe Mubihe Bishyushye | Ikigereranyo cyimikorere / Ingaruka mubihe bishyushye |
|---|---|---|
| Mono-kristalline Silicon (mono-c-Si) | 8% buri mwaka gutakaza ingufu | Ikigereranyo cyo hasi ugereranije na CIGS; gutakaza imbaraga nyinshi iyo bishyushye |
| Silicon nyinshi-kristaline (byinshi-c-Si) | 9% buri mwaka gutakaza ingufu | Igihombo gisa na mono-c-Si; ubushyuhe bugabanya imikorere |
| Ubuhanga bwa firime | 5% buri mwaka gutakaza ingufu | Nibyiza gukoresha ubushyuhe; gutakaza imbaraga nke |
| Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) | N / A. | Kora neza mumezi ashyushye kubera annealing yumuriro |
| Umuringa Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) | N / A. | Ikigereranyo cyo hejuru cyane kuruta kristaline silicon PVs hagati ya 10-50 ° C. |
Imikorere ya PV iterwa nubwoko, ikirere, nuburyo byashyizweho. Guhitamo izuba ryukuri bifasha kubona ingufu nyinshi no kuzigama amafaranga, cyane cyane ahantu hashyushye.
Inkomoko y'Ishusho: pexels
Ibikoresho bya encapsulation bituma ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba zitagira ubushyuhe n'amazi. Barinda kandi ibisebe nigitutu. Ubwoko bwa encapsulant buhindura uburyo module ikora ubushyuhe. Ihindura kandi igihe module imara.
EVA ikura kuruta ibyuma na silicon iyo bishyushye. Ibi bitera guhangayika imbere muri module mugihe cyo gushyushya no gukonja.
Stress irashobora gutera ibice cyangwa ibice byacitse imbere muri module.
Gutora iburyo bukwiye bigabanya amahirwe yo kwangirika. Ifasha module gukomeza gukomera.
Ni kangahe enapsulants irambuye kandi igabanuka bigira ingaruka kuburyo ibice bifatanye. Ibi bihindura uburyo bigoye module.
Ongeraho ibintu nka SiC, BN, cyangwa ZnO muri EVA bifasha ubushyuhe gusohoka vuba. Kurugero, kuvanga 30% SiC byatumye ingufu zumuriro zigera kuri 70.02%. Amashanyarazi yazamutse agera kuri 16,94% kuko selile yagumye ikonje.
Ubushyuhe bwiza buturuka kuriyi nyongeramusaruro burashobora gutuma imbaraga ziyongera hejuru ya 7%.
Impanuro: Gukoresha ibikoresho byiza bya ensapsulation hamwe ninyongera zidasanzwe bifasha pv modules kuguma ituje kandi ikora neza ahantu hashyushye.
Uburyo insinga ninzira byubatswe bifasha kugenzura ubushyuhe n amashanyarazi. Abahanga basanze gukoresha firime ya grafite na aluminiyumu kurupapuro rwinyuma bikonjesha kristaline silicon modules. Uku gukonjesha gutuma voltage no guhindura imbaraga neza. Inzira nziza yubushyuhe murwego no kurupapuro rwimura ubushyuhe kure ya selile. Ongeraho icyiciro cyo guhindura ibikoresho hamwe nicyuma gikonjesha module ndetse birenze. Ubushyuhe burashobora kugabanuka kugera kuri 21.9 K. Gukoresha amashanyarazi birashobora kuzamuka 9%. Igishushanyo mbonera cyinzira nyabagendwa kigabanya igihombo kiva mubushyuhe kandi kizamura sisitemu ya pv.
Ubushyuhe bwinshi butuma module ishaje kandi igabanuka vuba. Igihe kirenze, ubushyuhe, urumuri rwizuba, namazi bitera ingese, ibice, nibikoresho bidakomeye. Impanuka iterwa n'umucyo (LID) hamwe na Impanuka zishobora guterwa (PID) nibibazo bisanzwe. LID ibaho iyo urumuri rwizuba ruhinduye imiti muri selile. Ibi bitera gutakaza ingufu hakiri kare. PID iva mumashanyarazi menshi. Cyakora imiyoboro yameneka nimbaraga nini zitonyanga. Igice cya encapsulation gishobora guhinduka umuhondo, guturika, cyangwa guhagarika gukomera. Ibi birekura urumuri ruke. Urupapuro rwinyuma rushobora gucika kubushyuhe namazi. Ibi bireka ubushuhe kandi bigatera kumeneka. Uduce duto n'imirongo y'ibyuma biza birekuye nabyo bikora neza. Gukoresha ibikoresho bikomeye nibishushanyo byiza, nkibirahuri-ibirahuri module hamwe na UV idashobora kwihanganira, bigabanya ibibazo. Uburyo bwa
| Mechanism | Ibisobanuro nimpamvu | Ingaruka kuri PV Modules nigipimo cyo gutesha agaciro |
|---|---|---|
| Impanuka zishobora guterwa (PID) | Umuvuduko mwinshi wimura ion ugakora inzira. Sodium ion mu kirahure ifasha ibi kubaho. | Gutakaza imikorere igera kuri 30%; gutakaza ingufu ~ 2.02% ku mwaka. |
| Gutesha agaciro Umucyo (LID) | Imirasire y'izuba yihutisha okiside muri selile silicon. | Kugera ku 10% gutakaza umusaruro, cyane cyane mumwaka wambere. |
| Gusaza | UV n'ubushyuhe bituma umuhondo, ucika, no gutakaza gukomera. | Umucyo muke winjira; imikorere igabanuka mugihe runaka. |
| Impapuro zinyuma | Ubushyuhe n'amazi bitera gusenyuka no gukuramo. | Ubushuhe bwinshi n'ingese; gutsindwa hakiri kare. |
| Gutesha agaciro Akagari | Uduce duto n'imirongo y'icyuma biva mubushyuhe. | Gutakaza ingufu no gukora neza. |
| Imiterere ya Hotspot | Ibibazo by'utugari cyangwa ivumbi bituma ahantu hashyuha cyane. | Ibyangiritse byinshi no gutakaza imikorere. |
| Imyitozo ya mashini | Kurambura no kugabanuka bitera gucika. | Guhuza ibicuruzwa hamwe na selile biracika. |
| Ubutaka / Kwiyongera | Umukungugu uhagarika urumuri kandi ugashyuha. | Gutakaza ingufu za 1,27% kuri g / m² umukungugu. |
Icyitonderwa: Ubushyuhe bwinshi butuma ibyo bibazo byose biba bibi mukwihutisha impinduka zimiti nibikoresho bitsindagira. Gutoranya ibikoresho byiza nibishushanyo mbonera bifasha module kumara igihe kirekire ahantu hakomeye.
Ubushyuhe bwibidukikije hamwe nizuba ryizuba byombi bigira ingaruka kuburyo imirasire yizuba ikora. Iyo hashyushye kurenza 25 ° C, paneli itakaza hafi 0.3% kugeza 0.5% kuri buri cyiciro. Ahantu hashyushye cyane, panele irashobora gushyuha nka 60 ° C. Ibi birashobora gutuma batakaza 10-15% byimbaraga zabo ugereranije nibyo bagenwe. Ahantu hakonje hamwe nizuba ryinshi rirashobora gufasha panele gukora neza, bigatanga imbaraga 5-7% mubikorwa. Imirasire y'izuba isobanura imbaraga nyinshi, nubwo zimwe zabuze ubushyuhe. Ubusanzwe panne ikora 20-40 ° C ishyushye kuruta ikirere, bityo ikirere cyaho ni ngombwa. Umuyaga ufasha gukonjesha hasi. Umuyaga muto, nka 1 m / s, urashobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa panel kuri 5–11 ° C. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana uburyo ibyo bintu bihindura uburyo imirasire yizuba ikora neza:
| Factor / Imiterere | Ingaruka kumikorere ya PV / | Ibisobanuro bisohoka / Urugero |
|---|---|---|
| Ubushyuhe bwiyongera (> 25 ° C) | Gutakaza neza kwa 0.3% kugeza 0.5% kuri 1 ° C kuzamuka | Ubushyuhe bwikibaho bushobora kugera kuri 60 ° C bigatuma ingufu za 10-15% zigabanuka ugereranije nubushobozi buke |
| Ubukonje bukabije (0 ° C) | Kwiyongera kwingirakamaro ya 5-7% hejuru yumusaruro wagenwe | Ibihe bikonje hamwe nubushuhe buhanitse bitezimbere imikorere |
| Imirasire y'izuba ryinshi | Yongera ingufu zose zisohoka nubwo ubushyuhe bwatakaye | Izuba ryinshi ryizuba ritanga imbaraga zirenze iminsi yibicu |
| Umuvuduko wumuyaga | Ingaruka yo gukonjesha igabanya ubushyuhe bwibice 5-11 ° C kuri 1 m / s | Ubukonje butezimbere imikorere |
Ahantu hashyuha, ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe birashobora gutuma imikorere igabanuka kugera kuri 28.7%. Kugenzura no gukora isuku akenshi bibafasha gukomeza gukora neza.
Umwuka wo mu kirere ni ingenzi cyane kugirango panne ikonje. Iyo umwuka ugenda hejuru yimpande zombi, ukuraho ubushyuhe vuba. Niba panne yazamutse hejuru yinzu, umwuka urashobora gutembera munsi hanyuma ukonjesha cyane. Ibara ry'igisenge naryo rifite akamaro. Ibisenge byijimye munsi yibibaho birashobora rimwe na rimwe gukomeza gukonja kuruta niba nta kibaho. Igisenge cyoroheje cyangwa kirabagirana gishobora gutuma umwuka ukikije panne ushyuha. Ibisenge bikonje bifite panne birashobora gutuma akarere gakonja nijoro, ariko igisenge ubwacyo gishobora kuguma gishyushye kuko panele ibuza ubushyuhe kugenda. Uburyo imbaho zashyizweho nabyo bifite akamaro. Ikibaho gishyizwe hejuru yinzu hejuru yubushyuhe bwa 5-10 ° C kurenza ubushyuhe bwubutaka kuko bubona umwuka muke uzenguruka.
Impanuro: Kuzamura imbaho no kureka umwuka ukagenda munsi yazo bifasha gukomeza gukonja no gukora neza.
Igihe cyumwaka naho utuye uhindure uburyo paneli ikora neza. Ahantu hashyushye, panele itakaza hafi 0.4% kuri buri cyiciro kiri hejuru ya 25 ° C. Aho uri kwisi uhindura inguni yizuba nigihe izuba rimurika, bityo ahantu kure cyane ya ekwateri hagira impinduka nini mumwaka. Ahantu hashyuha hashyizweho ibibazo byiyongera kubicu nubushuhe, bikumira urumuri rwizuba kandi bishobora gutuma amazi yubaka hejuru. Umukungugu mu butayu urashobora kandi kugabanya imikorere iyo panne idasukuwe kenshi. Ahantu hakonje akenshi habona imikorere myiza, niyo yaba ifite izuba ryinshi. Ahantu hose hakeneye gahunda yabwo yo gushushanya no gukora isuku kugirango ibone ingufu nyinshi umwaka wose.
Ahantu hashyushye hakenewe gukonjesha no gukora isuku.
Ahantu hakonje hatakaza imikorere mike kubushyuhe.
Ahantu hashyuha hagomba guhangana nubushuhe nibicu.
Ahantu h'ubutayu hakenewe kugenzura umukungugu.
Uburyo imirasire y'izuba ikora neza biterwa nibintu byinshi bihindura ubushyuhe bwabyo, bityo rero guhitamo neza kuri buri mwanya ni ngombwa cyane.
Umusaruro wumwaka bivuze umubare w'amashanyarazi izuba rikora mumwaka umwe. Ibihe bishyushye bituma paneli idakora neza, bityo ikora ingufu nke. Niba imikorere igabanutseho 10-15% ahantu hashyushye, ingufu zose nazo ziramanuka. Iri gabanuka rihindura igiciro cyumuriro w'amashanyarazi (LCOE). LCOE ni igiciro cyo gukora igice kimwe cyamashanyarazi mubuzima bwa sisitemu. Iyo panne idakora neza, buri kilowatt-isaha igura amafaranga menshi. Ahantu hashyushye, sisitemu yizuba ikunze kugira LCOE. Ni ukubera ko panne ikora nabi kandi ikeneye isuku cyangwa gukonjesha.
Uburyo utegura sisitemu bigira ingaruka kumafaranga uzigama. Ba injeniyeri bakoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe hamwe nuburyo bwo gukonjesha kugirango panne ikonje. Kurugero, ibikoresho byo guhindura icyiciro (PCMs) birashobora gukonjesha panne kugeza kuri 34 ° C. Cooler paneli ikora neza, bityo ugarura amafaranga yawe vuba. Gukoresha amazi hamwe na PCM birashobora gukora panne kugera kuri 13.7% neza. Umukungugu urashobora kugabanya imikorere hafi 12%. Kwoza umukungugu bituma imbaraga ziba nyinshi kandi bigatuma sisitemu igira agaciro gakomeye. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana uburyo guhitamo ibishushanyo bihindura imikorere nigiciro:
| Sisitemu Igishushanyo cya Aspect | Ingaruka kubikorwa | byubukungu |
|---|---|---|
| Kwishyira hamwe kwa PCM | Ikora panne ikonje, izamura imikorere | Kwishura byihuse, ishoramari ryiza |
| Ingamba zo gukonjesha (Amazi + PCM) | Gukora neza, kugenzura neza ubushyuhe | Ingufu nyinshi, inyungu nyinshi |
| Kugabanya umukungugu | Komeza panne ikora neza | Komeza ibisohoka hejuru, wongere agaciro |
| Guhitamo Ubwoko bwa PCM | Gukonjesha neza kuri sisitemu | Hindura igiciro nigishushanyo |
Imirasire y'izuba irashobora kugera kuri 37% neza ariko igatwara byinshi kandi ikenera urumuri rukomeye rw'izuba. Sisitemu ihamye-ihendutse kandi ihendutse kandi ikorera ahantu henshi. Ba injeniyeri bahitamo sisitemu nziza yumucyo wizuba na bije muri buri gace.
Imirasire y'izuba itakaza imikorere mugihe cyubushyuhe, ivumbi, no gusaza. Panel nyinshi zitakaza hafi 0.5% buri mwaka. Ahantu hashyushye, ibi birashobora kubaho vuba kandi bigatwara amafaranga menshi nyuma. Iyo panele itaye agaciro, ikora imbaraga nke kandi ikabika amafaranga make. Ba nyir'ubwite bagomba gutegura igihombo mugihe batekereza kwishyura no kuzigama. Gukoresha ibikoresho bikomeye nibishushanyo mbonera bifasha kugabanya kwangirika no kurinda amafaranga yawe.
Igishushanyo cyiza no kwita kubisanzwe bifasha imirasire yizuba kumara igihe kinini no kuzigama amafaranga, ndetse no mubihe bigoye.
Ba injeniyeri bakoresha inzira zitandukanye kugirango imirasire yizuba ikonje. Bahitamo gukonjesha gusa, nko kureka umwuka ukazenguruka ku mbaho. Ibyuma bishyushya bifasha gukuramo ubushyuhe budasanzwe udakoresheje ingufu nyinshi. Kuzamura imbaho no gusiga umwanya munsi yabyo bireka umwuka ugatembera no gukonjesha. Guhindura uburyo panele ireba izuba no kuyihanagura bifasha guhagarika ubushyuhe kwiyongera. Ifasha kandi panne kubona urumuri rwizuba. Gushiraho bimwe bikoresha ibikoresho byo guhindura icyiciro, nka paraffin jelly, kugirango ushire ubushyuhe hanyuma ubireke nyuma. Ubu buryo bufasha kugenzura ubushyuhe no gukomeza gukora neza.
Guhitamo ibikoresho byiza bifasha kugumya gukonjesha. Ipitingi zirabagirana hamwe n'ibisenge by'amabara yoroheje ntibishiramo ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ikibaho gifite sub-bandgap yerekana cyane inyuma yizuba ridashobora gukoreshwa. Ibi bituma bakonja. Ibikoresho bifite emissivité nyinshi byohereza ubushyuhe vuba. Aya mayeri afasha paneli kumara igihe kirekire kandi ikora neza.
Gukonjesha ni ingenzi cyane kumirasire y'izuba. Gukonjesha gusa, nkibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro, birashobora gutuma panne itanga imbaraga zingana na 9%. Gukonjesha gukomeye bifashisha amazi cyangwa umwuka kugirango bakonje ariko bigura byinshi kandi biragoye gushiraho. Sisitemu ya Hybrid ivanga imashanyarazi ikonjesha hamwe nibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro kubisubizo byiza. Imashini zikonjesha zishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bwa panne hejuru ya 40 ° C. Barashobora kandi gukora paneli ikora kugeza 15% neza. Ibi bitekerezo bifasha panele kuguma ikonje ahantu hashyushye.
Kwambara neza bifasha paneli gushiramo urumuri rwinshi no kurinda umukungugu. Imyenda imwe isukuye kandi ihagarika gutekereza. Ibyiciro bibiri byahinduye ibikoresho bifasha kugumya ubushyuhe bwikibaho mu gufata no kureka ubushyuhe. Igenzura-nyaryo rikoresha ubwenge bwubuhanga kugirango turebe kandi duhindure uko paneli ikora. Ibi bikoresho bifasha panele gukomeza gukora ingufu nubwo ikirere gihinduka.
| Ubwoko bwigisubizo | Inyungu | Urugero Ingaruka |
|---|---|---|
| Hybrid Nano | Kata ibitekerezo hanyuma uhagarike umukungugu | Amafoto menshi yakoreshejwe |
| Gukurikirana AI | Hindura igenamiterere uko ikirere gihinduka | Kubona imbaraga nyinshi |
| Inzira ya PCM | Fata hanyuma ureke ubushyuhe kugirango panne ikonje | Ibyangiritse biturutse ku bushyuhe |
Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwizuba bukora neza iyo bishyushye. Module ya HJT itakaza imbaraga nke kandi ikora imbaraga nyinshi ahantu hashyuha kandi humye. CIGS selile ikomeza gukora neza nubwo iba ishyushye cyane. Module ya CdTe irashobora gukora ingufu zingana na 6% kurusha izitwa silicon mubihe bishyushye. Guhitamo tekinoroji nziza ifasha paneli gukora neza kandi ikaramba ahantu hashyushye.
Abahanga barimo gushakisha uburyo bushya bwo gufasha imirasire y'izuba hamwe n'ubushyuhe. Bakoresha ibikoresho byihariye kugirango panne ikomere mubihe bishyushye. Bamwe mu bahanga bashyira MOF ntoya muri selile yizuba ya perovskite. Izi MOF ziha selile imiterere ihindagurika hamwe nubuso bunini. Ibi bifasha guhagarika kwangirika kwizuba nubushyuhe. Muri CIGS izuba, urwego ruto cyane rwa Al2O3 rurinda ingirabuzimafatizo. Iki gipimo gifite uburebure bwa nanometero 10 gusa. Irinda amazi kandi igahagarika ibibazo byamashanyarazi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, selile zigumana hafi 80% yimbaraga zazo nyuma yo kuba ahantu hashyushye, hatose igihe kirekire. Nanofluide hamwe na paraffin ishingiye kuri nanomaterial bifasha gukonjesha. Zimura ubushyuhe kure yikibaho. Carbone-umukara nanofluide nibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro hamwe na nanoparticles bituma ubushyuhe buhoraho. Ibi bikoresho bishya hamwe na nanotehnologiya bifasha imirasire yizuba kumara igihe kirekire kandi ikora neza iyo ishyushye.
Kwambara neza hamwe nubwenge bwubuhanga bifasha imirasire yizuba gukoresha ubushyuhe. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana uburyo ibi bikoresho bifasha:
| bya Mechanism | Ibisobanuro | Ingaruka ku mikorere ya PV munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi |
|---|---|---|
| Hybrid Nano | Kugaragaza hasi, koresha urumuri rwa UV / IR, kandi uhagarike umukungugu | Umucyo mwinshi ukoreshwa, imbaraga nke zabuze umwanda |
| Ibikoresho byo Guhindura Icyiciro (PCMs) | Fata hanyuma ureke ubushyuhe kugirango ubushyuhe bwikibaho buhamye | Kwangirika gake kubushyuhe, igihe kirekire |
| Sisitemu yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere | Koresha imashini yiga guhindura igenamiterere no gukurikira izuba | Imbaraga nyinshi zakozwe, niyo zaba zishyushye |
Kwambara neza bifasha panele gufata urumuri rwinshi kandi ikagira isuku. PCM ibika ubushyuhe bwinyongera kumanywa ikayirekura iyo ikonje. Ibi bifasha kurinda panele gushyuha cyane. Sisitemu ya AI ireba ikirere kandi igahindura uko paneli ikora. Ibi bifasha panne gukora ingufu nyinshi, nubwo zaba zishyushye cyane.
Sisitemu ya Hybrid kandi igezweho ikoresha inzira nyinshi zo kurwanya ubushyuhe no gukora neza. Imirasire y'izuba ya Hybrid ivanga panne ya Photovoltaque na pompe yubushyuhe. Bakoresha kandi ibice byihariye kuri buri kirere. Ba injeniyeri bahitamo ingano ikwiye kubakusanya, guhanahana ubushyuhe, n'ibigega byo kubikamo. Ibi bifasha kuringaniza ubushyuhe n'amashanyarazi akenewe. Ibyiciro byo guhindura ibyiciro muri sisitemu bibika ubushyuhe kandi bigafasha gukonjesha. Ibi bituma panne idashyuha cyane. Sisitemu yo kugenzura icunga ingufu kandi igabanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Ibi bifasha ahantu hashyushye. Sisitemu ya Hybrid Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) ikora amashanyarazi nubushyuhe. Izi sisitemu zikoresha gukonjesha kugirango panne ikore neza, nubwo saa sita iyo zishyushye. Iterambere ryambere, nka aerogels, hamwe nubugenzuzi bwubwenge ukoresheje imashini yiga, fasha sisitemu kumara igihe kirekire kandi ikore neza. Hybrid ishushanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kandi bigatuma ingufu zizuba zizewe ahantu hashyushye.
Imirasire y'izuba ntabwo ikora neza iyo ishyushye. Buri bwoko bwibibaho byakira ubushyuhe muburyo bwabwo. Coefficient yubushyuhe iratubwira imbaraga zitakara iyo zishyushye. Abantu barashobora gukora panele ikora neza muguhitamo inzira nziza zo kuyishiraho no gukoresha ibikoresho byiza.
Kugirango ubone ibisubizo byiza, nibyiza gusaba umuhanga ubufasha mbere yo gushyiraho izuba. Ibi bifasha kumenya neza ko panele ikora neza aho waba utuye hose.
Coefficient yubushyuhe iratubwira imbaraga zumuriro wizuba zitakaza iyo zishyushye kurenza 25 ° C. Niba coefficient iri hasi, akanama ntikabura imbaraga nyinshi mubihe bishyushye.
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru butuma imirasire y'izuba isaza vuba. Birashobora gutera ibice hamwe nibibara byumuhondo. Ibikoresho bisenyuka vuba. Ibi bituma panele idakora neza kandi ikagabanya igihe bimara.
Moderi ya HJT na CIGS ikora neza ahantu hashyushye. Bafite coefficient zo hasi. Ibi bivuze ko batakaza imbaraga nke iyo bishyushye. Izi panne zituma imikorere yazo iba hejuru ahantu hashyushye.
Yego. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha nkibikoresho byo guhindura ibyiciro cyangwa gukonjesha amazi bifasha kugumya gukonjesha. Sisitemu irashobora gukora panne igera kuri 15% ikora neza mubihe bishyushye cyane.
Umukungugu uhagarika urumuri rw'izuba kandi utuma ahantu hashyuha. Ibi bizamura ubushyuhe bwikibaho kandi bitera gutakaza ingufu nyinshi. Gusukura ibibaho akenshi bifasha gukomeza gukonja no gukora neza.
