Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2026-09-11 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Ukeneye amakuru yukuri mugihe ugenzura uburyo imirasire yizuba ikora neza. Ibizamini bisanzwe bipima ibipimo imbere muri laboratoire. Ariko, ikirere nyacyo cyo hanze gihindura imikorere yabo muri rusange. Izina ryimikorere ya selile yubushyuhe ikemura iki kibazo rusange. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bipima izuba ukoresheje imiterere yo hanze: 800 W / m² imbaraga z'izuba, 20 ° C ubushyuhe bwikirere, 1 m / s umuvuduko wumuyaga, no gufungura inyuma.
Ikosa ryo kwirinda: Kuringaniza sisitemu yawe ukoresheje ibipimo bya watt ya STC utongeyeho ikintu cyo guhindura ubushyuhe bizagereranya umusaruro wawe wa buri mwaka - rimwe na rimwe na 10-15% muri leta zishyushye nka Texas, Arizona, na Florida.
Ntukitiranya iri zina rigufi numuzi wikilatini noct-, bisobanura ijoro. Gusobanukirwa noct ibisobanuro bigufasha guhanura imbaraga zawe zisohoka. Kugenzura indangagaciro za noct zitezimbere igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu.
NOCT ipima ubushyuhe busanzwe bwo hanze mubihe bisanzwe.
Imirasire y'izuba itanga ingufu nke nkuko imbere yabo hashyuha.
Ibipimo bya laboratoire bikeka ko hashyizweho ingufu zirenze izisanzwe zo hanze zerekana.
Imyuka yumuyaga inyuma yibibaho ifasha gukonjesha izuba mugihe cyizuba.
Ibishushanyo mbonera by'izuba bishya, nka TOPCon, ntibitakaza ingufu nyinshi muminsi yubushyuhe.
Igisenge cyerekana ubushyuhe kandi kizamura ubushyuhe bwizuba burenze ibigereranyo bya laboratoire.
Gukoresha ibipimo by'ubushyuhe bwo hanze bifasha ba nyiri urugo guhanura neza imbaraga zabo bazigama.
Urashobora kubona inyuguti NOCT kurupapuro rwihariye hanyuma ukabaza kubyerekeye ubusobanuro nyabwo. Imizi y'Ikilatini noct isobanura ijoro, ariko abahanga b'izuba bakoresha ijambo mu bundi buryo. Hano, inyuguti zisobanura ubushyuhe bwimikorere ya selile. Uru rutonde rwerekana uburyo izuba ryimbere ryizuba riba mugihe cyo gukoresha hanze.
Imiterere nyayo ya NOCT isobanuwe mubisanzwe IEC / TS 61836.
Ba injeniyeri bashushanya ibizamini byo guhuza ikirere gisanzwe hanze. Bashyira ingufu z'izuba kuri 800 W / m², ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere kugeza kuri 20 ° C, n'umuyaga ukagera kuri 1 m / s. Bahuza kandi module kumurongo wicyuma gifunguye.
Abagerageza bakurikiza intambwe zihariye mugihe bagenzura urwego rwa noct imbere idasanzwe laboratoire . Basiga insinga z'amashanyarazi zaciwe mugihe bashyira module mumirasire y'izuba. Imirasire y'izuba yijimye ikurura imirasire y'izuba kandi igakura cyane kuruta umwuka uri hafi.
Ibikoresho bito byubushyuhe byafashwe inyuma yizuba byandika ubushyuhe bwimbere. Impapuro zerekana neza ko imirasire y'izuba ya silicon isanzwe igera ku manota NOCT iri hagati ya 45 ° C na 48 ° C. Abashushanya sisitemu bakoresha iyi nimero yoroshye yo gukeka kugirango bahindure ubushyuhe busanzwe.
Imirasire y'izuba itanga amashanyarazi make uko ubushyuhe bwimbere bwimbere buzamuka cyane. Urashobora kubara imbaraga zitonyanga muguhuza imibare isanzwe hamwe nubushyuhe nyabwo bukora. Koresha iyi mibare yihuse kugirango urebe imbaraga zitonyanga: GUTAKAZA IMBARAGA (%) = T BIKORESHEJWE × (NOCT - 25 ° C).
Ikibaho gifite amanota make guma gikonje cyane munsi yizuba ryinshi. Uzazigama ingufu z'amashanyarazi mugihe cyizuba niba sisitemu yo hejuru yawe yirinze ubushyuhe bukabije bwimbere.
NOCT itanga ubushishozi kuburyo module ikora mugihe yashyizwe hanze, kubara izamuka ryubushyuhe hamwe nubusanzwe.
Ibizamini bya laboratoire yo mu nzu ukoresha amatara mpimbano mugihe ubushyuhe bwa panne kuri 25 ° C. Mubyukuri, ibisenge nyabyo bihura numwuka ushyushye nizuba ryinshi icyarimwe. Imirasire y'izuba ikoresha amakuru yikirere yo hanze kugirango igereranye umusaruro wumwaka neza.
Kumenya ibisobanuro byuzuye bigufasha guhitamo imirasire y'izuba ikomeye murugo rwawe. Module ifite amanota make yatakaje ingufu nke, itanga amashanyarazi menshi mumyaka myinshi. Gusoma iyi mibare yibanze bifasha kurinda kugura ibikoresho byawe.
Ugenzura imirasire yizuba usoma imibare yuruganda. Abakozi ba laboratoire bashyira module imbere mubyumba bigenzurwa. Bamurika urumuri rwa 1000 W / m² iburyo ku kirahure.
Urumuri rukomeye rutanga umubare munini wimbaraga. Imirasire y'izuba ikoresha igenamiterere risanzwe kugirango ubashe kugereranya amakuru yibanze.
Abakozi ba laboratoire bagumisha imirasire y'izuba kuri 25 ° C ikonje muri ibi bizamini. Bakoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe byo gukonjesha kugirango ubushyuhe bwikibaho butazamuka.
Ikibaho nyacyo gikorera hanze gishyuha vuba munsi yizuba. Ibizamini byubushyuhe bwo murugo ntibishobora kwerekana uko panne zishyushye zifata ubushyuhe nyabwo bwo hanze.
Ahantu ho hanze hahindura izuba hamwe numwuka ushushe. Igipimo cya NOCT kigabanya imbaraga z'umucyo kuri 800 W / m² agashyiraho ubushyuhe bwo hanze hanze kuri 20 ° C.
Imirasire y'izuba isanzwe 400W yageragejwe munsi ya STC ikora hafi 300W munsi yibi bihe. Ihinduka risobanura kugabanuka kwamashanyarazi 100W, cyangwa 25% make yingufu zose. Imirasire y'izuba itakaza umusaruro iyo urumuri rw'izuba rugabanutse n'ubushyuhe bw'imbere.
Umuyaga uhindura uburyo imirasire y'izuba ikonja mu mbuga. Amategeko yikizamini cyuruganda acunga uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho muburyo butandukanye.
Icyerekezo |
NOCT |
STC |
|---|---|---|
Ikirere cyo mu kirere |
Umuvuduko wa 1 m / s (convection ku gahato) |
Nta mwuka uhumeka (selile yabitswe kuri 25 ° C muri laboratoire) |
Iboneza |
Gufungura-rack, 45 ° kugoramye |
Ntabwo bisobanuwe (ikizamini cya laboratoire) |
Ubushyuhe busanzwe bwa selile |
42-48 ° C munsi ya 800 W / m², 20 ° C ibidukikije |
25 ° C (byagenwe) |
Ubushyuhe bwiyongera kubera nta convection ku gahato (urugero, flush-mount) |
5-10 ° C ishyushye kuruta agaciro ka NOCT |
Ntabwo ari ngombwa |
Gushyira ibisenge bikunze guhagarika inzira zumuyaga zisanzwe munsi yizuba. Umwuka wafashwe utuma ubushyuhe bwakagari buzamuka 5-10 ° C ugereranije na NOCT.
Uruganda rusanzwe rugaragaza ibisubizo byiza murugo. Ibipimo bifatika byikoporora ikirere nyacyo cyo hanze hejuru yinzu.
Urabona amakuru asobanutse kubyerekeye imbaraga za buri munsi usoma iyi mibare ifatika. Abashushanya sisitemu bakoresha ibipimo kugirango bahitemo ibibanza bikwiye byaho.
Gukeka ko ingufu zumwaka zitwara imibare ifatika. Kurenza urugero imbaraga zitsinda bitera amakosa akomeye muri gahunda yigihe kirekire yimari. Urashobora gucira urubanza agaciro nyako ukoresheje amakuru ya NOCT.
Ukora neza buri mwaka imbaraga zahanuwe ukoresheje imibare yubushyuhe nyayo. Ibicuruzwa byubwenge bikeka bifasha kurinda ishoramari ryibikoresho byizuba byigihe kirekire.
Urashobora guhitamo hagati itandukanye imirasire y'izuba igezweho . Amahitamo asanzwe ya PERC akora neza kubisenge byinshi murugo. Amahitamo ya TOPCon na HJT atera imbere ubushyuhe bukabije bwo hanze. Zigumana ingufu nyinshi nkuko ikirere cyizuba gishyushya igisenge cyawe.
Ubushyuhe bwo hasi muri selile ya TOPCon na HJT bivuze ko zitakaza ingufu nke kurwego ugereranije na selile gakondo ya PERC.
Umwanya utandukanye wubaka urumuri rwizuba muburyo budasanzwe. Ibice bisa muri sisitemu ya HJT bihura nubushyuhe buringaniye. Inzira yihariye ya oxyde imbere muri modul ya TOPCon irinda gutakaza ingufu. Wunguka neza amashanyarazi muri rusange uhitamo panele zakozwe nikirere gishyushye.
Ibikoresho bya Silicon bifata izuba ryinshi kandi bigakora amashanyarazi asanzwe. Bashiramo kandi imirasire yumucyo izamura ubushyuhe. Silicon isanzwe isunika ubushyuhe bwafashwe kure yimikorere yimbere buhoro.
Abaproducer bongeramo imiti idasanzwe kugirango bazamure imikorere rusange. Amabati mato ya silicon areka ubushyuhe bwimbere bufashwe bwihuta kurenza ibishushanyo bishaje. Wishimira umusaruro uhoraho mugihe module yawe isuka ingufu zumuriro vuba.
Ubwubatsi bwa paneli bugenzura neza uburyo sisitemu yawe ikonje vuba. Inyubako zishaje zikoresha ikirahure cyimbere cyahujwe na plastike yinyuma. Amahitamo abiri yikirahure asimbure iyo plastike kurundi rupapuro.
Ikirahure cyimura ubushyuhe vuba cyane kuruta inyuma ya plastike. Ibirahuri bibiri-bikurura ubushyuhe biva mubice bya silicon imbere byihuse. Ubu bukonje bwiyongereye butuma ubushyuhe bugabanuka mugihe cyizuba cyinshi.
Ikadiri ikomeye yicyuma ifata panne mugihe ikora nkibikoresho bifasha ubushyuhe. Imirongo ya gari ya moshi ikurura ubushyuhe bwafashwe kure yimpande.
Ibice byibyuma byimbitse bikwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwimbere ahantu hagari. Kwimura ikirere gikomeza gukonjesha ibice byicyuma cyo hanze. Igenamiterere ryawe rikora neza iyo ubushyuhe bwiyongereye busohoka byoroshye murwego.
Sisitemu ishingiye kubutaka itanga uburyo bwuzuye bwo gufungura umuyaga uhuha. Fungura ibyuma kumurongo ureke umuyaga uhinduke munsi yumwanya wubusa.
Uku guhumeka kwikirere gutanga gukonjesha guhoraho kumurongo wawe wose. Umuyaga uhoraho utuma imbere yimbere hashyuha mugihe cyizuba ryinshi. Ubona ingufu za buri munsi zituruka kumashanyarazi ashingiye kubutaka.
Imishinga yo hejuru yinzu isanzwe ikemura ikibazo cyumwanya muto. Abashiraho akenshi bashira panne hejuru ya shitingi yijimye.
Umwanya ufunze umutego ugenda inyuma yizuba ryubatswe. Guhagarika umwuka mubi hejuru yinzu bisunika ubushyuhe bwimbere imbere amanota asanzwe ya noct. Ugomba guteganya ubu bushyuhe bwinyongera mugihe ugereranije ingufu zizaza.
Imirasire y'izuba iragabanuka uko selile y'imbere ishyuha hejuru ya 25 ° C. Impapuro zanditse wandike iki gihombo nkamanota mabi. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bya kirisiti ya silicon igabanukaho -0,25% / ° C kugeza kuri -0.40% / ° C, ugereranije hafi -0.36% / ° C.
Ingirabuzimafatizo zitandukanye zerekana umuvuduko wigihombo gitandukanye mubihe bishyushye. Mono PERC amanota yatakaye mubisanzwe ikora hagati ya -0.34% na -0.37% kuri ° C. Imirasire y'izuba rusange iri hagati ya -0.35% kugeza -0.45% kuri ° C. Kugenzura iyi mibare bigufasha gukeka imbaraga zukuri zigabanuka byoroshye.
Imirasire y'izuba ikora ingufu nke z'amashanyarazi muminsi yizuba. Imirasire y'izuba ishyushya ibice bya silicon imbere hejuru yumuyaga wo hanze. Imipaka ntarengwa yumuriro imbaraga zose zirema imbere muri buri selile yizuba.
Ubushyuhe bwubaka bugabanya uburyo bwiza bwo hejuru hejuru yizuba. Ubushyuhe buke bwa selile buzamura amashanyarazi imbere muri sisitemu zose. Uzabona wattage iri munsi yamasaha ashyushye.
Urashobora kubona ubushyuhe bwimbere muguhuza ubushyuhe bwikirere nimbaraga zumucyo. Abashushanya bakeka ubushyuhe bwumurima ukoresheje iyi shingiro yingufu zingana:
ubushyuhe bwakagari = ubushyuhe bwibidukikije + (noct - 20) * (irradiance / 800)
Iki kibazo cyibanze cyibibare gisanga ubushyuhe nyabwo buva mubihe byaho. Amanota yo hasi atuma ubushyuhe bwawe bugereranywa buto munsi yizuba.
Shushanya ubushyuhe bwa 30 ° C hanze yubushyuhe bwo hanze munsi yumuriro wa 800 W / m². Ikibaho gifite igipimo cya 45 ° C cyongeweho ubushyuhe bwa 25 ° C hejuru ya 20 ° C.
Wongeyeho ko 25 ° C gusimbuka kuri 30 ° C umwuka utanga ubushyuhe bwimikorere ya 55 ° C. Iyi mibare yoroshye yerekana uburyo ingirabuzimafatizo zuba zikora zishyushye kumunsi ushushe.
Umuyaga ushushe usunika imbere imbere ubushyuhe inzira ya laboratoire yoroshye. Ingirabuzimafatizo ikora kuri 55 ° C ikoresha ubushyuhe bwa 30 ° C kurenza ikimenyetso cya 25 ° C.
Kugwiza icyuho cya 30 ° C ukoresheje amanota -0.36% / ° C amanota yerekana igihombo cyerekana 10.8% kugabanuka kwingufu. Imirasire y'izuba yose igabanuka iyo izuba rishyushye izuba rishyushye hejuru yinzu yawe.
Ugomba guhindura igereranya ryingufu zumwaka kugirango ubaze ubushyuhe bwo hanze. Harimo gutakaza ubushyuhe mubishushanyo byawe bikubuza gukabya kurema imbaraga zigihe kirekire.
Kubara ubushyuhe bukwiye kurinda intego zawe z'igihe kirekire zo kuzigama. Abashishoza bashishoza bakoresha ubushyuhe nyabwo kugirango bamenye umubare wimbaraga zikomeye kubafite amazu.
Abategura imirasire y'izuba bashingira kumiterere yikirere kugirango bapime ibikoresho neza. Urasoma ibicuruzwa byuruganda kugirango ubone imipaka ntoya kandi ndende ya voltage munsi yubushyuhe. Ikirere gishyushye kigabanya ingufu za panne iyo izuba rirashe.
Abashushanya basanga ikimenyetso cya voltage ntoya kugirango sisitemu yawe ikore neza. Ugenzura ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwaho kugirango wubake iburyo bukwiye. Imibare isobanutse ihagarika sisitemu itunguranye kumunsi ushushe.
Itsinda ryitsinda rya voltage rigomba kuguma mumadirishya ikora ya inverter yawe. Ikirere gishyushye gitera imbaraga za voltage zikurura imbaraga zose munsi yuru rwego rwingenzi. Urashobora kumenya ubushyuhe bwumuriro mwinshi ukurikira intambwe esheshatu zoroshye:
Koresha akanama Vmp (39.28V) nigipimo cyo gutakaza ingufu za temp (-0.377% / ° C) kugirango ubone igihombo kurwego: 39.28 × 0.00377 = 0.148V / ° C.
Kuramo temp base (44-46 ° C) uhereye kubushyuhe bwaho kugirango ubone itandukaniro rya temp (56.7 ° C - 44 ° C = 12.7 ° C).
Kugwiza temp ihinduka nigipimo cyo kugabanuka kugirango ubone igihombo cyose cya voltage: 0.148V / ° C × 12.7 ° C = 1.88V.
Fata igihombo kuri Vmp kugirango ubone ubushyuhe bwikirere bushyushye: 39.28V - 1.88V = 37.40V.
Kugwiza umurongo umwe ushyushye wa voltage ukurikije ingano yumurongo muto (paneli 7): 37.40V × 7 = 261.8V yose hamwe.
Reba neza imipaka ntarengwa (270V). Kubera ko 261.8V iri hasi, ongeramo akanama ka 8 kugirango ukore neza.
Ongeraho panel imwe ituma umurongo wuzuye ukorera mumadirishya ya MPPT. Ihinduka ryoroshye ririnda umusaruro w'amashanyarazi neza mugihe cyizuba gishyushye.
Ibipimo fatizo bya laboratoire bisiba ibintu byingenzi bikora mukarere gashyushye. Abategura ibikoresho biga ikirere cyaho kugirango umushinga ushobore gusohoka buri mwaka.
Indangagaciro NOCT muri rusange ni ikirere gishyuha, ntabwo ari ubutayu bwumutse. Mubihe bishyushye cyane (40 ° C ibidukikije, umuyaga muto), ubushyuhe bwimbere bwimbere bushobora kugera kuri 80 ° C, bigatuma igihombo cya 15-20%. Ibiharuro bigomba gushingira kumasaha yo hejuru yizuba hamwe nubushyuhe buringaniye bwaho.
Ubutayu bushyushye busaba imbaho ziremereye zitanga ubushyuhe bwihuse. Module ifite amanota 41-43 ° C yunguka 3-4 ° C kurenza ibishushanyo bisanzwe. Ibyo gukonjesha bitanga 1-1.5% byingufu zukuri za buri munsi muri leta zishyushye. Kumenya iyi noct bisobanura kuyobora kugura ubwenge bwubwenge kubice bishyushye byaho.
Ugenzura shingiro tekinoroji ya tekinoroji yizuba kugirango uhitemo ibyuma biramba. Kugereranya imibare yubushyuhe igufasha guhitamo modul nziza kubisenge bishyushye.
Parameter |
Agaciro |
Impamvu |
|---|---|---|
NMOT / Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe |
42 ° C kugeza 45 ° C. |
Ubushyuhe bwo hasi bivuze gutakaza ubushyuhe buke |
Coefficient yubushyuhe (Pmax) |
-0,30% / ° C cyangwa byiza |
Ubunini buke bugabanya gutakaza ingufu kubushyuhe bwinshi |
Umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe bwa voltage |
Ubunini bwo hasi bwatoranijwe |
Ihindura kugabanuka kwa voltage no gukora neza |
Ikoranabuhanga rya selile |
N-ubwoko, HJT, TOPCon, inyuma-guhuza |
Izi tekinoroji zisanzwe zikora neza mubushuhe |
Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe |
-40 ° C kugeza kuri + 85 ° C. |
Kwemeza akanama kagenewe ibihe bikabije |
Gusoma amakuru yubushyuhe byerekana ko wahisemo imirasire yizuba ikemura neza ikirere kitoroshye. Ibishushanyo mbonera bya N-na HJT bigamije kurwanya gutakaza ingufu kuruta ibikoresho bishaje. Ukingira ishoramari ryigihe kirekire muguhitamo izuba ryinshi-izuba.
Igeragezwa ryurugo rwibagirwa guhindura ikirere. Amanota asanzwe ya NOCT agaragaza imbaraga zifatika munsi yubusanzwe busanzwe bwikirere hamwe na 800 W / m² izuba hamwe na 20 ° C ubushyuhe bwibidukikije. Urashobora kugereranya byoroshye umusaruro wukuri wa buri munsi usoma ibipimo bifatika byo hanze.
Kugenzura amanota yubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe butuma gahunda yo kwishyiriraho izuba itekanye. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bugabanya ingufu za sisitemu zose mugihe zigabanya ingufu rusange. Urinda guhagarika ingufu zitunguranye usuzuma amakuru yubushyuhe mbere yo guhitamo ibyuma byizuba.
Abategura umushinga na banyiri amazu bakeneye imibare yubushyuhe nyayo kugirango bategure neza imari. Ibyavuye mubisubizo byukuri birinda ishoramari ryibikoresho mugihe ugaragaza ibihe byukuri byo kwishyura mumyaka iri imbere.
NOCT bisobanura Nominal Operating Cell Temperature. Agaciro kerekana uburyo izuba rishyushye ribona mugihe cyo gukoresha hanze. Ibizamini bisanzwe bishyiraho urumuri rwizuba kuri 800 W / m², ubushyuhe bwikirere kuri 20 ° C, umuvuduko wumuyaga kuri m / s, kandi ugakoresha ikaramu ifunguye nkuko bisabwa n amategeko IEC / TS 61836.
STC ipima ibisohoka muri laboratoire hamwe na 1000 W / m² urumuri na selile bibitswe kuri 25 ° C. NOCT ikoresha ikirere cyo hanze gifatika hamwe na 800 W / m² urumuri n'umwuka wa 20 ° C. Uru rutonde rwa kabiri ruguha ishusho yukuri yibikorwa byawe bya buri munsi.
Kwiga kubyerekeye noct bisobanura bigufasha kumenya uburyo paneli izakora mubyukuri. Ikibaho gitanga ingufu nke mugihe ubushyuhe bwazo buzamuka hejuru ya 25 ° C. Kumenya ubushyuhe bwakazi bukora buragufasha guhanura umusaruro wumwaka neza kuburyo udakeka nabi kubitsa byose.
Imirasire y'izuba ikunze kugaragara yerekana amanota NOCT kuva 45 ° C kugeza 48 ° C. Icyitegererezo cyiza hamwe nimibare mito guma gikonje mumirasire yizuba. Sisitemu ikonje ituma ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitemba mugihe cyizuba ryinshi.
Ikibaho cyashyizwe hejuru hejuru yinzu kibuza umuyaga kugera inyuma. Umwuka wafashwe utera ubushyuhe bwa selile gusimbuka 5 ° C kugeza 10 ° C hejuru yamanota asanzwe ya NOCT. Fungura ibitaka hasi reka umuyaga unyure byoroshye, bikonjesha module mugihe bikora muminsi yubushyuhe.
Imirasire y'izuba ya TOPCon na HJT icunga ikirere gishyushye hanze kuruta modul ya PERC. Igipimo cyabyo cyo gutakaza ubushyuhe gikomeza imbaraga zingana, biguha imikorere myiza muri rusange nyuma yizuba ryinshi.
