Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2025-06-07 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Ikinyuranyo cyingufu zingufu ningufu ntoya ikenewe. Ifasha electron kuva mumanuka ikajya mumbaraga nyinshi. Ibi nibyingenzi cyane kumirasire y'izuba. Ihitamo uburyo bafata neza izuba kandi bakayihindura imbaraga. Kurugero, ikizamini cyikigereranyo gifite ibikoresho byihariye byinjije 80% yizuba. Yageze no kuri 190% ikora neza, irenga imipaka isanzwe. Kwiga kubyerekeranye ningufu zingufu zirashobora gufasha gukora ingirabuzimafatizo zizuba neza. Ibi birashobora kuganisha ku bitekerezo bishya mu mbaraga zisukuye.
Ikinyuranyo cyingufu zingufu ningufu ntoya zikenewe kugirango electron zigende kandi zikore amashanyarazi mumirasire y'izuba.
Gutoranya ibikoresho bifite icyuho hafi ya 1.5 eV bifasha ingirabuzimafatizo zuba gufata urumuri rwizuba neza no gutakaza ingufu nke.
Buri kintu gifite icyuho cyacyo, gihindura uburyo gihindura urumuri rwizuba amashanyarazi.
Ibishushanyo bidasanzwe nkizuba ryinshi rihuza imirasire yizuba ikoresha ibice bifite intera itandukanye kugirango ifate urumuri rwizuba kandi ikore neza.
Kunoza icyuho cya bande birashobora kugabanya ibiciro kandi biganisha kubitekerezo bishya byizuba, bigatuma ingufu zisukuye zoroha kubona.
Ibikoresho bya Perovskite biratanga ikizere cyane kuko birakora kandi bigakora neza no mumucyo utagaragara.
Kwiga icyuho cya bande ni ngombwa mugukora tekinoroji yizuba no gufasha isi gukoresha ingufu zisukuye.
Kumenya icyuho cyingufu zingufu zifasha abantu guhitamo imirasire yizuba nziza kubyo bakeneye.
Ikinyuranyo cyingufu zingufu nigitekerezo cyingenzi muri semiconductor. Yerekana imbaraga nkeya zikenewe kugirango electron yimuke. Electron irasimbuka kuva muri bande ya valence, aho igumana na atome, kuri bande ya conduction, aho bagenda bisanzuye. Uku gusimbuka gukenewe kugirango amashanyarazi akoreshwe nizuba.
Tekereza icyuho cya bande nkinzitizi ya electron. Electron ikeneye imbaraga zihagije zo kuyirenga. Nta mbaraga zihagije, bagumaho kandi ntibashobora gufasha gukora amashanyarazi.
Muri semiconductor, icyuho cya bande kigenzura uko electron zifata izuba. Iyo urumuri rw'izuba rukubise ingirabuzimafatizo y'izuba, fotone (uduce duto duto) itanga ingufu kuri electron. Niba ingufu za fotone zihuye cyangwa zigatsinda icyuho, electron zirayikuramo hanyuma igasimbukira kumurongo. Uku gusimbuka gukora amashanyarazi, akoresha ibikoresho.
Ariko fotone yose ntabwo ifasha muriki gikorwa. Urugero:
Fotone ifite imbaraga nke kurenza icyuho cya bande inyuramo itiriwe.
Fotone ifite ingufu zingana nicyuho cya bande yakirwa neza kandi ifasha gukora amashanyarazi.
Fotone ifite imbaraga zirenze icyuho cya bande itakaza ingufu zidasanzwe nkubushyuhe, kuyitesha.
Ibi birerekana impamvu guhitamo ibikoresho byiza hamwe nintera nziza ya bande ningirakamaro kumirasire y'izuba.
Ikinyuranyo cya bande ningirakamaro muguhindura urumuri rwizuba amashanyarazi. Iyo urumuri rw'izuba rukubise ingirabuzimafatizo y'izuba, fotone ihura nibikoresho bya semiconductor. Niba ingufu za foton zihuye nu cyuho cya bande, electron irayikuramo ikimukira mumashanyarazi. Uru rugendo rukora amashanyarazi, rukoresha ibikoresho.
Tekinoroji nshya nka Intermediate Band Solar Cells (IBSCs) itezimbere iki gikorwa. Utugingo ngengabuzima twongeramo ingufu zingirakamaro mu cyuho cya bande. Bakurura fotone n'imbaraga nke, bakoresheje urumuri rwizuba. Ibi birashoboka kuzamura imikorere kugeza kuri 63.2% , hejuru cyane kurenza ibisanzwe.
Ingufu za Photon hamwe nicyuho cya bande bihitamo uburyo selile yizuba ikora. Ibikoresho bifite icyuho cya bande ya 1.5 eV ningirakamaro kumirasire y'izuba. Agaciro karinganiza urumuri rwizuba kandi bigabanya gutakaza ubushyuhe.
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana uburyo ibikoresho bifite intera itandukanye ikora:
| Ubwoko bwibikoresho | Cutoff Umuhengeri (nm) | Gukora neza (%) |
|---|---|---|
| BaZrS3 | 725 | 18.13 |
| (Ba, Ca) ZrS3 | 983 | 22.23 |
| Ba (Zr, Sn) S3 | 837 | 21.84 |
| BaZr (S, Se) 3 | 918 | 22.71 |
Iyi mbonerahamwe yerekana uburyo ikinyuranyo cyumurongo kigira ingaruka kumirasire yizuba. Ibikoresho bifite icyuho cya bande hafi yizuba ryizuba bikora neza. Bahindura urumuri rwizuba mumashanyarazi, bigatuma barushaho kuba ingirakamaro.
Ikinyuranyo cya bande ya 1.5 eV nicyiza kumirasire y'izuba. Iringaniza kwinjiza izuba no gutakaza ingufu. Ibikoresho bifite iki cyuho gikurura urumuri rwizuba rwinshi. Ibi bifasha gukora amashanyarazi menshi.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana itandukaniro riri hagati ya 1.04 eV na 1.69 eV bigira ingaruka kumikorere. Kurugero:
| Icyitonderwa cya Band (eV) | zingirakamaro | Inyandiko |
|---|---|---|
| 1.04 - 1.69 | Impinduka hamwe nu cyuho | Ikinyuranyo cyiza cya bande ni 1.21 eV; icyuho kinini cyo kwinjiza no kugezubu. |
Ibi birerekana ibikoresho hafi ya 1.5 eV bikora neza mugukora amashanyarazi.
Ikinyuranyo cyiburyo kiringaniza kwinjiza izuba no gutakaza ubushyuhe. Ikinyuranyo gito cyumucyo gikurura urumuri rwizuba, kugabanya imikorere. Ikinyuranyo kinini cyangiza ingufu nkubushyuhe.
Kurugero, selile yizuba ya perovskite hamwe nu ntera ya bande ikora neza. Bagera 22.35% imbaraga zo guhindura imikorere. Bafite kandi imiyoboro ngufi ya 24.57 mA / cm² na voltage ya 1.07 V. Ibi byerekana uburyo ikinyuranyo cyiburyo cyiburyo cyongera imikoreshereze yingufu kandi kigabanya gutakaza ubushyuhe.
Ikinyuranyo cyumurongo kigenzura uburyo ingirabuzimafatizo zizuba zikurura urumuri kandi zigakora ingufu. Iyo icyuho cya bande gihuye ningufu zizuba, electron zigenda zikarema amashanyarazi.
Ibinyuranyo bitandukanye bya bande bihindura imikorere. Urugero:
Ikinyuranyo kinini kinini gikenera ibikoresho binini kugirango bigumane ubu.
Ikinyuranyo gito cyumucyo gikurura urumuri ruke, rugabanya imbaraga.
Imirasire y'izuba ikora neza mugihe icyuho cyumurongo gihuye nizuba.
Ibikoresho bifite bande zitandukanye byerekana uburyo imikorere ihinduka. Urugero:
Ibikoresho bibyibushye byongera imiyoboro ngufi kandi ikora neza.
Ikinyuranyo cyo hejuru cya 1.7 eV nu gice cyo hasi cya 1.28 eV itanga 32,71% .
Ubushakashatsi bwemeza ibisubizo:
| Ingufu za Bandgap (eV) | Yingirakamaro | Inkomoko |
|---|---|---|
| ~ 0.7 | Ibikorwa byiza byaho | Martí & Araujo, 1996 |
| ~ 1.0 | Gukora neza kwisi yose | Wanlass n'abandi., 2005 |
| Biratandukanye | Guhitamo ibintu byoroshye | Bremner n'abandi., 2008 |
Izi ngero zerekana uburyo ikinyuranyo cyiburyo gikwiye cyongera urumuri rwingufu nimbaraga, bigatuma imirasire yizuba iba nziza.
Silicon nikintu gikunze kugaragara mumirasire y'izuba. Ingufu zayo zitandukanya ingufu zingana na 1.1 eV. Ibi bituma biba byiza gukurura urumuri rwizuba no gukora amashanyarazi. Silicon irashobora gufata igice kinini c'izuba, bigatuma iba nziza kumirasire y'izuba.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Silicon igeze kurwego rushimishije. Urugero:
Uburyo bwiza bushoboka kuri selile silicon ni 32.33%.
Filime yoroheje 15 μm silicon yageze kuri 31% ikora neza hamwe nigishushanyo cyiza.
Imirasire y'izuba ya silicon nziza cyane ifite 26.7%.
Ibisubizo byerekana ubushobozi bwa silicon yo gukora neza muri sisitemu yizuba.
Silicon nayo ifite ibibi. Ikinyuranyo cyacyo ntigisanzwe neza. Fotone ifite ingufu nyinshi zitakaza ingufu nkubushyuhe iyo zinjijwe na silicon. Na none, icyuho cya silicon itaziguye gikenera ibikoresho binini kugirango bikuremo izuba. Ibi bituma umusaruro uhenze.
Harimo gutegurwa ibikoresho bishya kugirango bikemuke. Bagamije gukuramo urumuri neza no kunoza imikorere.
Ibikoresho bya Perovskite bigenda byamamara kubera gukora neza. Ikinyuranyo cya bande kiri hagati ya 1.5 eV na 2.3 eV. Uru rutonde ni rwiza mu kwinjiza urumuri rw'izuba no gukora amashanyarazi. Abahanga barimo gukora kugirango bagabanye gutakaza ingufu muri selile perovskite. Mugukomeza electron igihe kirekire, zongereye imikorere.
Ibikoresho bya Perovskite nabyo bikora neza mumirasire y'izuba ya tandem. Ihuza perovskite nibindi bikoresho kugirango ibisubizo byiza. Mu nzu, ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba za perovskite zigeze hafi 45%. Ibi bituma bagira akamaro mugukoresha ibikoresho bito mumucyo muto.
Ibindi bikoresho nka kadmium telluride (CdTe) na gallium arsenide (GaAs) nabyo bifite inyungu. CdTe ifite intera ya bande igera kuri 1.45 eV, hafi yagaciro keza kumirasire yizuba. Ifata urumuri neza kandi birashoboka. GaAs, hamwe na bande ya bande ya 1.43 eV, irakora neza. Akenshi igera kuri 30% ikora neza muri laboratoire.
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana ingufu za bande zingufu kubikoresho bitandukanye :
| Ibikoresho | bya Band Gap (eV) | Kugereranya DFT Byakoreshejwe |
|---|---|---|
| Cs2AgSbCl6 | 1.163 | HSE06 |
| Cs2AgSbBr6 | 0.850 | HSE06 |
| Cs2AgSbI6 | 0.305 | HSE06 |
| Rb2CuSbCl6 | 1.140 | Kubara DFT |
| K2CuSbCl6 | 1.123 | Kubara DFT |
| Cs2AgBiBr6 | 1.93 | GGA-PBE |
| Cs2GeSnCl6 | 1.798 | GGA |
| Cs2GeSnBr6 | 1.044 | GGA |
| Cs2GeSnI6 | 0.474 | GGA |
| Cs2BBiX6 | 1.00 - 1.75 | Uburyo butandukanye bwa DFT |
Iyi mbonerahamwe yerekana ibikoresho bitandukanye byingirabuzimafatizo zuba. Buri bikoresho bifite ibintu byihariye byo kunoza imikorere no gukora.
Ikinyuranyo cyumubumbe wizuba gishobora guhinduka muguhindura ibikoresho. Ongeramo umubare muto wandi atome, bita doping, uhindura ibintu. Kurugero, kongeramo chromium kuri dioxyde ya titanium (TiO₂) igabanya icyuho cyayo kuva kuri 3.40 eV kugeza kuri 2.70 eV . Ibi bifasha kwinjiza urumuri rwizuba neza. Kuvanga ibyuma pyrite na ruthenium nabyo bitezimbere imikorere yayo muguhindura icyuho cyacyo.
Ubu buryo bufasha abahanga guhuza icyuho cyingufu zingufu zizuba. Ibi bituma imirasire y'izuba ikurura urumuri rwinshi kandi igakora neza. Ibikoresho nka gusikana Kelvin probe microscopi ituma iyi nzira irushaho kuba nziza. Ibi bikoresho bipima ibintu nka voltage nimbaraga zimbaraga. Ibi bifasha kunoza icyuho cya bande kubisubizo byiza.
Imirasire y'izuba imwe ikoresha ibice bifite icyuho gitandukanye. Ibi byitwa selile izuba rihuza imirasire y'izuba. Buri cyiciro gikurura ubundi bwoko bw'izuba. Igice cyo hejuru gifata urumuri rwinshi, mugihe igice cyo hasi gikurura urumuri ruke.
Igishushanyo gituma imirasire yizuba ikora neza. Utugingo ngengabuzima tumwe na tumwe dufite imikorere irenga 40%. Gukomatanya ibikoresho nka perovskite na silicon bikora selile tandem. Utugingo ngengabuzima dukora neza mumuri atandukanye, bigatuma agira akamaro ahantu henshi.
Kunoza icyuho cya bande bituma selile zuba zikora neza. Iyo icyuho cya bande gihuye ningufu zizuba, urumuri rwinshi rwinjira. Ibi bitanga amashanyarazi menshi. Imirasire y'izuba ya Perovskite ubu igeze 26.49% imikorere , iterambere ryinshi.
Icyuho cyiza cya bande nacyo gifasha ingirabuzimafatizo zizuba gukora mumuri atandukanye. Kurugero, perovskite selile nini murugo. Bagera hafi ya 45% mumikorere mike. Ibi bituma bagira akamaro kumazu nibikoresho bito.
Icyuho cyiza cya bande ntabwo cyongera imikorere gusa ahubwo kigabanya ibiciro. Ibikoresho byiza bigomba kuba byoroshye, bigabanya ibiciro byumusaruro. Uburyo nka doping hamwe nubushakashatsi butandukanye butuma imirasire yizuba irushaho kuba ingorabahizi kubyara umusaruro.
Kunoza icyuho cya bande bitera ikoranabuhanga rishya. Abahanga barimo kugerageza ibikoresho bishya nibishushanyo mbonera kugirango izuba rirusheho kuba ryiza. Iterambere rituma ingufu z'izuba zihendutse kandi zirambye, zifasha isi gukoresha ingufu zisukuye.
Kunoza icyuho cya bande bihura nibibazo bikomeye nkibintu bihamye. Ibikoresho bimwe byateye imbere bisenyuka nyuma yizuba ryinshi. Ibi bituma batizera neza imirasire y'izuba. Gukora ibyo bikoresho kubwinshi nabyo biragoye. Irakeneye kugenzura neza, biragoye gukora. Kurugero, ibikoresho bya perovskite bikora neza ariko ntibimara igihe kirekire. Ibi bibabuza gukoreshwa cyane.
Ikindi kibazo gituruka kuvanga ibintu byinshi mubikoresho. Ibintu byinshi birashobora gukora ibintu bidakenewe. Ibi bituma umusaruro ukomera kandi ntuteganijwe. Moderi ya mudasobwa ifasha gukemura iki, ariko igura byinshi kandi ntabwo buri gihe ari ukuri. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana ingingo zingenzi kuri ibi bibazo:
| Ibisobanuro Ibisobanuro | Ingingo zingenzi |
|---|---|
| Ibiciro byo kubara nibidasobanutse muburyo bwo kwerekana dopability | Ibiciro byinshi byo kubara bibangamira ikoreshwa ryinshi ryibikoresho bigezweho. |
| Amarushanwa yicyiciro agira ingaruka kuri dopability | Kwiyongera kwibintu biganisha kubintu byinshi bishoboka, bigoye igishushanyo cyicyiciro. |
| Guteganya neza ibyitegererezo byumurongo ugereranije nuburyo bugoye | Moderi yoroshye irashobora guhanura dopability iringaniye hamwe nubuhanga bugoye bwo kwiga imashini. |
Ibi bibazo byerekana ko hakenewe ibitekerezo bishya kugirango ibikoresho birusheho kuba byiza kandi byoroshye kubyara umusaruro.
Gukora ibikoresho bigezweho kumirasire y'izuba bisaba amafaranga menshi. Ibi bikoresho akenshi bikenera ibintu bidasanzwe nuburyo buhenze. Ibi bizamura igiciro cyizuba, bigatuma bigorana kubigura. Kandi, gutegura ibyo bikoresho biroroshye. Imirasire y'izuba myinshi ikenera icyuho gitandukanye muri buri cyiciro. Ibi bisaba intambwe zidasanzwe zo gukora.
Abashakashatsi barimo gukora uburyo bwo kugabanya ibiciro no koroshya umusaruro. Gukoresha moderi yoroshye ya mudasobwa birashobora kuzigama amafaranga mugihe ugumye neza. Izi mbaraga zigamije gukora imirasire yizuba ihendutse kandi nziza kuri buri wese.
Utudomo twa Quantum ni uduce duto tuzana ibitekerezo bishya mubushakashatsi bwikinyuranyo. Guhindura ingano bigufasha kugenzura uburyo bakurura urumuri. Ibi bifasha ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba guhindura urumuri rw'amashanyarazi neza. Utudomo twa Quantum duhindura urwego rwingufu, tunoza uburyo electron zigenda. Ibi byongera ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora imbaraga.
Ubushakashatsi buherutse kwerekana ubushobozi bwabo. Urugero:
Utudomo twa CuLaSe₂ yazamuye ingufu za 13.2%.
Ongeramo zinc muri CuLaSe₂ yazamuye imikorere yumuzunguruko kuva kuri 1.85% kugeza kuri 2,20%.
Izi ngero zerekana uburyo utudomo twa kwant dushobora gutuma ingirabuzimafatizo zuba zikora neza kandi zikoroha.
Ibikoresho bya Hybrid bivanga ibintu bitandukanye kugirango bitezimbere izuba. Imvange ya Perovskite, kurugero, kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ibiciro. Mugihe cya 2050, selile perovskite irashobora gukoresha ingufu nkeya kuri 30.66% . Sisitemu ishingiye kuri silicon irashobora kuzigama 25.51% gusa. Perovskites irashobora kandi kuzigama $ 443.71 USD buri mwaka, ugereranije n’amadolari 369.26 USD ya selile silicon.
Ariko ibikoresho bya Hybrid bifite ibibazo byibidukikije. Perovskites irekura CO₂ nyinshi mugihe cyo gukora. Ibi bivuze ko bisaba igihe kirekire kugirango uhuze ingaruka z’ibidukikije-imyaka 6.81. Nubwo bimeze bityo, imikorere yabo ihanitse hamwe nigiciro gito bituma iba ingenzi kubushakashatsi buzaza.
Utudomo twa Quantum nibikoresho bivanga bitanga amahirwe ashimishije. Bagamije gukemura ibibazo biriho no gukora imirasire y'izuba nziza.
Ikinyuranyo cyingufu zingirakamaro ni urufunguzo rwo gukora ingirabuzimafatizo zuba. Gutoranya ibikoresho bifite icyuho cyiburyo bifasha ingirabuzimafatizo zizuba kwinjiza izuba. Urumuri rw'izuba noneho ruhinduka amashanyarazi, bizamura ingufu.
Iterambere rya vuba ryerekana impamvu icyuho cyitsinda ari ngombwa:
Imirasire y'izuba ya Perovskite ubu igeze 26.1% gukora neza , gukubita selile.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Tandem ikoresha icyuho gitandukanye kugirango ifate urumuri rwizuba. Izi selile zirashobora kugera kuri 40% neza.
Ikinyuranyo kinini cya perovskites gikora neza murugo hamwe nurumuri rwubukorikori.
Mu buhinzi, ibikoresho byinshi byuzuzanya bituma ibihingwa bikura mugihe bitanga ingufu.
Izi ngero zerekana uburyo kuzamura icyuho cya bande bishobora gutuma ikoranabuhanga ryizuba ryiza kandi rikagira akamaro.
Ikinyuranyo cyingufu zingirakamaro ningirakamaro kugirango ejo hazaza hasukure ingufu. Imirasire y'izuba nziza isobanura ko idakenewe cyane ku bicanwa biva mu kirere no gukoresha ingufu zisukuye. Ibikoresho bifite icyuho cyiza bifasha imirasire yizuba gukorera ahantu henshi, nkimijyi cyangwa imirima.
Ibikoresho byinshi byo gutandukanya ibikoresho nabyo birema ibintu bishya bishoboka. Batezimbere imirasire yizuba ahantu hakeye, bigatuma ingufu zizuba ziboneka ahantu hose. Mugihe abahanga batezimbere tekinoroji ya bande, ingufu zizuba zizabahendutse kandi zisanzwe. Ibi bizihutisha guhinduranya ingufu zisukuye kwisi yose.
Ubushakashatsi bwo gutandukanya bande ni ingenzi kuri gahunda zingufu zisi. Imirasire y'izuba nziza isobanura amashanyarazi menshi aturuka ku zuba rimwe. Ibi bigabanya ibiciro byingufu zishobora kongera ingufu kandi bigatuma irushanwa nigicanwa cya fosile.
Ibikoresho bitandukanya ibikoresho nabyo bifasha kuzigama ingufu mubundi buryo. Bakoreshwa muri elegitoroniki kugirango bagabanye gutakaza ingufu mugihe cyo kohereza amashanyarazi. Ibi bifasha kubaka amashanyarazi meza hamwe na sisitemu nziza ishobora kuvugururwa. Mugihe ibihugu bigamije kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kunoza itandukaniro rya bande bituma ingufu zisukuye zikora neza.
Ubushakashatsi bwo gutandukanya bande bufasha ibirenze izuba. Ibikoresho byinshi byuzuza ibikoresho bitezimbere tekinoroji yingufu nyinshi.
| Inzira Ibisobanuro | Ingaruka ku Ikoranabuhanga ryingufu |
|---|---|
| Gukura gukenera ibikoresho bizigama ingufu | Ibikoresho byinshi bitandukanya ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki kugirango bikore neza. |
| Kuzamuka kw'imodoka z'amashanyarazi | Ibi bikoresho bikora neza mubushyuhe bwinshi na voltage, bifasha EV. |
| Kwagura sisitemu yingufu zishobora kubaho | Ibikoresho byinshi bitandukanya ibikoresho biteza imbere amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza. |
Ibikoresho nka gallium nitride (GaN) na karubide ya silicon (SiC) bihindura inganda. Urugero:
Ingufu zisubirwamo zikoresha ibyo bikoresho mugutezimbere amashanyarazi.
Imiyoboro ya 5G ibishingiraho kugirango itumanaho ryihuse kandi ryiza.
Iterambere ryerekana uburyo ubushakashatsi bwitandukanya rya bande buteza imbere ingufu zizuba nizindi nzego, biganisha ahazaza heza.
Ikinyuranyo cyingufu zingirakamaro ningirabuzimafatizo zuba. Ihitamo uburyo bahindura urumuri rwizuba mumashanyarazi. Kunoza icyuho cya bande byongera imikorere kandi bigatera ibitekerezo bishya mubuhanga bwizuba. Kurugero, ibishushanyo bidasanzwe nka 'Cliff ' imiterere ifasha kugabanya gutakaza ingufu. Ibi bitezimbere gufungura amashanyarazi (V_OC) . Kurundi ruhande, imiterere ya '' Spike 'ibuza ingufu, kugabanya imikorere. Imiterere
| ya Heterojunction | Ingaruka Kumikorere | Yibanze |
|---|---|---|
| Umusozi | Ifasha | Mugabanye gutakaza ingufu, bizamura amashanyarazi afunguye (V_OC) |
| Spike | Byangiza | Ihagarika ingufu zitembera, igabanya imikorere muri rusange |
Ubushakashatsi burakenewe kugirango ibibazo bikemuke kandi bitezimbere izuba. Ibi bizafasha gukora ingufu zisukuye ejo hazaza.
Ikinyuranyo cyingufu zingufu ningufu ntoya zikenewe kugirango electron isimbuke kuva kurwego ruke rugana hejuru. Uku gusimbuka nicyo gifasha ingirabuzimafatizo zizuba gukora amashanyarazi.
cya bande Ikinyuranyo gihitamo uburyo selile yizuba ifata urumuri rwizuba ikayihindura amashanyarazi. Guhitamo icyuho gikwiye bituma selile ikora neza kandi igatakaza imbaraga nke.
Ikinyuranyo cyiza cya selile yizuba ni 1.5 eV. Aya mafranga areka selile ikurura urumuri rwizuba kandi ikirinda gutakaza ingufu nkubushyuhe.
Ibikoresho bitandukanye bifite cyacyo icyuho . Kurugero, icyuho cya silicon ni 1.1 eV, mugihe perovskite iri hagati ya 1.5 na 2.3 eV. Itandukaniro rihindura urumuri rwizuba rushobora guhinduka amashanyarazi.
Nibyo, icyuho cya bande kirashobora guhinduka wongeyeho andi atome kubikoresho cyangwa gutondekanya ibice bifite icyuho gitandukanye. Ubu buryo bufasha ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba gufata urumuri rw'izuba kandi bigakora neza.
Niba icyuho cya bande ari kinini, ingufu zipfa ubusa nkubushyuhe. Niba ari bike cyane, selile ntishobora kwinjiza izuba ryinshi. Ibibazo byombi bituma selile yizuba idakora neza.
Nibyo, ibikoresho nka perovskites na gallium arsenide birashobora gukora neza kuruta silicon. Bafite icyuho cyiza cya bande hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse, ariko birashobora gutwara byinshi cyangwa ntibimare igihe kirekire.
Kunoza icyuho cya bande bifasha ingirabuzimafatizo zizuba gukora amashanyarazi menshi. Ibi bishyigikira gahunda yisi yose yo gukoresha lisansi nkeya kandi igahindura ingufu zisukuye.
Impanuro: Kumenya icyuho cyingufu zingufu zirashobora kugufasha guhitamo imirasire yizuba nziza kubyo ukeneye.
