Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2023-03-15 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Inganda kimwe ninganda zibika ingufu ninganda zisanzwe zikoreshwa muburyo bwo kubika ingufu zagabanijwe kuruhande rumwe. Irangwa no kuba hafi yikwirakwizwa ryamafoto yamashanyarazi kandi ikanatwara ibigo. Ntishobora kuzamura gusa igiciro cyo gukoresha ingufu zisukuye, ariko kandi irashobora kugabanya neza ihererekanyabubasha ryingufu zamashanyarazi. igihombo, gifasha kugera ku ntego ya 'karuboni ebyiri '.
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zinganda kandi nubucuruzi ziratandukanye nububiko bunini bwo kubika amashanyarazi no kogosha amashanyarazi kandi n’umushinga w’amashanyarazi Igikorwa cyacyo nyamukuru ni ugukoresha ibiciro by’imisozi itandukanya amashanyarazi kugirango ugere ku ishoramari. Arbitrage ikoresheje impinga kandi ikibaya kirakwira.
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zubucuruzi nubucuruzi ndetse na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zamashanyarazi zigizwe na sisitemu ya batiri + BMS, COMPUTER, EMS, transformateur, racks, guhuza insinga, gufunga ibyuma, kwirwanaho nkumurabyo kimwe na sisitemu yubutaka, gukurikirana no gutabaza, nibindi, kimwe na sisitemu byose byahinduwe muburyo bukurikira.
Inganda kimwe ninganda zibika ingufu zinganda ahanini zinjizwa muburyo bwuzuye, ukoresheje utubati twahujwe. Inganda kandi nububiko bwingufu zubucuruzi zifite ibyifuzo bike byo kugenzura sisitemu kuruta uruganda rukora amashanyarazi, kimwe nibintu bimwe na bimwe bya mudasobwa nabyo bifite ibiranga BMS. Ku bijyanye na EMS, ubucuruzi ndetse n’ubucuruzi bw’ububiko bukenera gusa gushiraho uburyo bwo kwishyuza ndetse no kurekura igihe cyo kurangiza imiyoborere y’amashanyarazi, kimwe n’ibikenewe mu mikorere biri munsi y’iby’ububiko bw’ingufu zibika ingufu.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, hamwe n’izamuka ry’abantu benshi mu nganda, ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu n’inganda n’inganda burashobora kugera kuri dogere ya MW, kimwe na gahunda ya sisitemu ni bimwe cyane n’ibya sitasiyo zibika amashanyarazi.
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zinganda kandi ninganda zikoresha PCS AC zifatanije nububiko bwingufu Sisitemu yo gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubika ingufu kimwe n’ububiko bw’inganda n’inganda ahanini ni nkibya uruganda rukora ingufu, nyamara ubushobozi bw’abagize umuryango ni buto, kandi na sisitemu yabwo iroroshye cyane.
Inverters ya PCS mubisanzwe ikoresha inzira ebyiri. Mubucuruzi buciriritse kandi buciriritse kandi na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu z'ubucuruzi, imashini zikoresha izuba 50-100kW nazo zatangiye gukoreshwa. EMS yubucuruzi kandi na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zubucuruzi iratandukanye cyane niy'inganda nini zibika amashanyarazi. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zinganda kandi ninganda Mubisanzwe ntidukeneye gutekereza kubisabwa na gride yoherejwe, cyane cyane gutanga ingufu zaho, gusa bisaba ko hakurikiranwa ingufu kimwe no guhinduranya byikora mumashanyarazi.
Inganda kimwe ninganda zibika ingufu zububiko
Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ububiko bw’ingufu n’ubucuruzi n’ubukemurampaka bwo mu kibaya, ni ukuvuga kwishyuza amafaranga make y’amashanyarazi mu mikoreshereze y’amashanyarazi make, kandi ikanarekura guha abakoresha inganda n’ubucuruzi mu gihe cyo gukoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Umuntu ku giti cye arashobora kubika ibiciro byamashanyarazi kimwe no gukumira ingaruka zo kugabanuka kwamashanyarazi.
Hamwe nogutezimbere igihe-cyo gukoresha ingufu zamashanyarazi, itandukaniro riri hagati yuburebure n’ikiguzi cy’ingufu z’amashanyarazi ryaragutse, kandi n’ubukungu bw’ubucuruzi bw’ububiko bw’inganda n’inganda byazamuwe cyane. Kugeza ubu, hari ibice bibiri byubuyobozi bukoreshwa mubikorwa byubucuruzi bwo guturamo kimwe no kubika ingufu zubucuruzi.
Ku ikubitiro, inganda n’abashoramari bashiraho ibikoresho byo kubika amashanyarazi bonyine, bishobora kugabanya igiciro cy’amashanyarazi, ariko abakiriya bakeneye kwishyura amafaranga yambere y’ishoramari kimwe n’ibikoresho byo mu mwaka.
Ku ikubitiro, inganda n’abashoramari bashiraho ibikoresho byo kubika amashanyarazi bonyine, bishobora kugabanya igiciro cy’amashanyarazi, ariko abakiriya bakeneye kwishyura amafaranga yambere y’ishoramari kimwe n’ibikoresho byo mu mwaka.
Muri icyo gihe, umwanya wo kubika ingufu zumukoresha wageze ku iterambere ryinshi, kandi nanone hagaragaye ibihe byinshi byo gusaba, nko kwishyuza no guhanahana amakuru, ibigo byamakuru, sitasiyo ya 5G, ingufu zicyambu, no guhana ibinyabiziga biremereye.
1. Imirasire y'izuba ibika ingufu zinganda nubucuruzi
Isoko ryo kubika ingufu zinganda ninganda zirimo ubwoko 2 bwimikoreshereze: Photovoltaic cyangwa pv inganda ninganda ninganda n’inganda zidafite amafoto kandi nubucuruzi.
Kubucuruzi kimwe n’abakoresha inganda nini, birashoboka kandi gusobanukirwa no kwibyaza umusaruro kimwe no kwifashisha amashanyarazi ukoresheje uburyo bwo guhuza izuba + ingufu
Urebye ko igihe ntarengwa cyo gufata amashanyarazi gihoraho rwose hamwe nigihe cyo hejuru cyo kubyara amashanyarazi cyangwa pv, igipimo cyinganda n’inganda zagabanijwe n’izuba ubwacyo ndetse no kwifashisha ni kinini cyane, kandi ubushobozi bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu n’amashanyarazi akomoka ku zuba byashyizweho mbere na mbere ku kigereranyo cya 1: 1.
Nk’uko imibare ya BNEF ibigaragaza, amafaranga asanzwe ya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu z’amasaha 4 azamanuka agera kuri US $ 332 / kWt muri 2020, mu gihe amafaranga asanzwe yo gukoresha ingufu z’amasaha 1 azaba ari US $ 364 / kWt. Amafaranga yakoreshejwe muri bateri yo kubika ingufu aragabanuka, igishushanyo cya sisitemu kirakorwa neza, kandi igihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora igihe cya sisitemu. Kuzamuka mu ntera bizakomeza rwose kugabanya ibiciro bya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ndetse no kuzamura igiciro cyinjira mu bucuruzi ndetse n’ububiko bw’izuba.
2. Ntabwo ifotora ifasha ububiko bwubucuruzi nubucuruzi.
Ku nyubako z'ubucuruzi, ibigo nderabuzima, kaminuza ndetse n’ibindi bihe bidakwiriye gushyirwaho n’izuba rinini ryibyara izuba, ishyirwaho rya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zishobora kugera ku mikorere yo kogosha hejuru ndetse no gupakira ibibaya ndetse no kugabanya ubushobozi bw’amashanyarazi.
Isesengura ryihariye ryimiyoboro yinjiza
1. Gukoresha ingufu nshya
Photovoltaic ifite umwanya uhoraho kimwe no guhindagurika. Iyo amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi cyangwa pv atanga ingufu zamashanyarazi yo kwifashisha no gukoresha ingufu zamashanyarazi zirenze kuri gride zirenze imizigo, ingufu zamashanyarazi zirenze izoherezwa mumashanyarazi kubiciro buke.
Iyo toni itanga amashanyarazi ya fotokoltaque idahagije, inganda kimwe nabakiriya b’ubucuruzi bakeneye kubona amashanyarazi muri gride, hamwe na gride kimwe na fotokoltaque cyangwa pv sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi mugihe kimwe. Ikiguzi cyingufu kubakoresha inganda kandi n’abakoresha ubucuruzi ntabwo cyigeze kigabanywa neza mugihe cyateguwe na fotokopi.
Sisitemu yo kubika amashanyarazi imaze gushyirwaho, ingufu za Photovoltaque zibikwa mububiko bwambere, kandi gukomeza kuba ingufu bihabwa toni. Iyo ingufu za Photovoltaque cyangwa pv zishaka, umwanya wo kubika ingufu zitanga ingufu kuri tombora, kandi na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu yoroshya ingufu zamashanyarazi no gufata kugirango zongere ingufu zamashanyarazi yizuba. gukora neza, kugirango ukoreshe byuzuye ibyiza byo gukoresha ingufu.
2. Ubukemurampaka bwo mu kibaya
Bumwe mu buryo butaziguye bwo kumenya agaciro wongeyeho sisitemu yo kubika ingufu ni ugukemura impinga nkibiciro byamashanyarazi. Abakoresha barashobora kwishyuza bateri yo kubika amashanyarazi ku giciro gito cyumuriro wamashanyarazi mugihe ubufindo buri hasi, kimwe no gutanga ingufu kuri tombora kuva muri bateri yo kubika ingufu mugihe toni iri hejuru, kugirango bamenye ihererekanyabubasha ryuburebure kimwe no kubona inyungu kubiciro byiza kandi n’ikigereranyo cy’amashanyarazi.
3. Ukeneye gukurikiranwa
igihugu cyanjye gikoresha ibice bibiri byingufu zamashanyarazi kumashanyarazi manini yinganda zifite ingufu zingana na 315 kVA kandi zirenga.) cyangwa kubara neza kubisabwa (kwishyurwa kubisabwa).
Sisitemu yo kubika amashanyarazi imaze gushyirwa mubucuruzi ndetse no muri parike yubucuruzi aho igipimo cy’ibanze cy’amashanyarazi cyishyurwa kubisabwa, ingufu nyazo za transformateur zabakiriya zirashobora kugenzurwa. Iyo imbaraga-nyayo irenze icyifuzo, umwanya wo kubika ingufu uzahita usohora imbaraga-nyayo kugirango ugabanye ibisubizo bya transformateur kandi byemeze ko imbaraga za transformateur zitazarenga kubuzwa. Kugabanya ibiciro byumuriro wamashanyarazi no kugabanya ibiciro byamashanyarazi mubucuruzi ndetse na parike yinganda.
4. Kongera imbaraga zo gukwirakwiza imbaraga
Iyo ubushobozi bwambere bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu zidahagije kubucuruzi ndetse nabakiriya b’ubucuruzi, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zishobora gukomeza kwishyurwa byihuse mugihe imikoreshereze yigihe gito irenze ubushobozi bwa transformateur kugirango ihuze ibyifuzo byingufu zisabwa. Igiciro cyo gukoresha impinduka zikoreshwa, kugabanya ishoramari rya transformateur kandi niterambere ryiterambere.
5. Saba ibikorwa kuruhande
Igikorwa cyo gusaba amashanyarazi cyerekana ko iyo igipimo cy’isoko ry’ingufu z’amashanyarazi cyiyongereye cyangwa ubwizerwe bwa sisitemu bugaterwa ubwoba, abakiriya b’amashanyarazi bahindura ibyo basanzwe bafata nyuma yo kubona integuza y’indishyi itaziguye ya inductive igabanuka cyangwa ikimenyetso cy’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi utangwa n’ishyaka ritanga amashanyarazi. Uburyo bw'amashanyarazi, kugabanya cyangwa kwimura amashanyarazi mugihe runaka kugirango usubize amashanyarazi, kubijyanye rero no kumenya neza ko umutekano wumuriro wamashanyarazi kimwe no gukumira ibikorwa byigihe gito byizamuka ryibiciro byamashanyarazi.
Tubivuze gusa, mugihe amashanyarazi akomeje kuba muke, ubucuruzi bugabanya cyane ingufu zikoresha amashanyarazi, kandi bukanagira ingaruka kumubare w'amashanyarazi hamwe no kogosha uburebure kimwe nubundi buryo, bityo bikabona ubwishyu bwubukungu.
Nk’uko akarere ka Guangdong kamenyesheje ko 'Amategeko y’Intara ya Guangdong agenga amasoko yo gukenera isoko (Gushyira mu bikorwa Ikizamini) ', igiciro cyo gushimangira Guangdong ku kibanza cy’ingufu zikoreshwa ku ruhande rushobora kugera kuri 3.5 yuan / kWt, kandi kandi abantu bafite ingufu bashobora kugera ku nganda zombi ndetse n’inkunga yatanzwe mu gihe cy’imyaka yashize, ni uko mu myaka yashize ari yo mpamvu, mu karere k’umwaka ushize. igihe cyo gushora imari gishobora kugabanywa numwaka umwe.
6. Amashanyarazi ahacururizwa
Ubucuruzi bw'akarere k'amashanyarazi bivuga sisitemu yubucuruzi aho ibigo byamasoko nkibigo bitanga amashanyarazi bitanga ibisubizo byamashanyarazi muburyo bwo kugura isoko. Kubera umuvuduko w’ivugurura ry’isoko ry’ingufu z’Ubushinwa, igihugu cyashyizeho gahunda nshya yo gushishikariza umwanya wo kubika ingufu kugira uruhare mu isoko ry’amashanyarazi, ndetse n’umushinga mushya w’inganda zibika ingufu z’ingufu mu by'ukuri watangijwe. 7. Ibisubizo by'inyongera by'amashanyarazi
Amashanyarazi yishyuwe serivisi yinyongera asobanura serivisi zinyongera zitangwa nuruhande rwamashanyarazi ruhuza amashanyarazi rushobora kwitabira umutwaro woroshye wamashanyarazi wohereza amabwiriza (harimo gukusanya binyuze mumakusanyirizo, uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi, nibindi) hiyongereyeho igisubizo cyibanze cya kabiri.
Harimo: urufunguzo rwibanze, kugenzura amashanyarazi yikora, kwiyogoshesha hejuru, gusubira inyuma, guhindura amashanyarazi yishyuwe, gutangira umukara hamwe nizindi serivisi zinyuranye zishyurwa zigomba kwishyurwa. Inganda kandi nububiko bwingufu zubucuruzi zirashobora kuba umuyoboro mushya wunguka utanga serivisi zinyongera kumasoko yamashanyarazi.
Iterambere ryimbere rishobora kuba abakiriya mubucuruzi bwubucuruzi nubucuruzi
igihugu cyanjye gifotora amashanyarazi cyangwa pv amashanyarazi arema byihuse. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Nzeri 2022, ubushobozi bwashyizweho mu nganda ndetse no mu bucuruzi bw’amafoto y’ubucuruzi buzagera kuri 18,74 GW, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 278%, nyamara ubucuruzi ndetse n’ububiko bw’ingufu mu bucuruzi buracyari mu ntangiriro zawo.
Nk’uko BNEF ibiteganya, isi nshya yashyizeho ubushobozi bw’inganda ndetse n’amafoto y’ubucuruzi cyangwa pv bifasha ububiko bw’ingufu mu 2025 bizaba 29.7 GWh. Mu nganda zitanga izuba ndetse no mu bucuruzi, utekereza ko igiciro cyinjira mu bubiko bw’amashanyarazi kizamuka gahoro gahoro, ubushobozi bwashyizweho n’inganda ku isi ndetse n’izuba rikoresha ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu 2025 rishobora kugera kuri 12.29 GWh.
Kugeza ubu, muri gahunda yo kwagura itandukaniro ry’imisozi no gushyiraho ibiciro by’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi, ubukungu bwo gushyiraho ububiko bw’ingufu ku nganda ndetse n’abakoresha ubucuruzi bwateye imbere cyane. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’isoko ry’ingufu zihuriweho mu gihugu hose hamwe no gukoresha mu buryo bwuzuye ikoranabuhanga ry’inganda zikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi, gucuruza amashanyarazi kimwe n’ibisubizo bifasha amashanyarazi byanze bikunze bizavamo ubukungu bw’inganda ndetse n’ububiko bw’ingufu z’ubucuruzi.
Byongeye kandi, kugabanya amafaranga yo kubika ingufu za sisitemu zo kubika ingufu bizarushaho kunoza ubukungu bw’ububiko bw’inganda n’ubucuruzi. Ubu buryo bwo guhindura ibintu bizamamaza ishingwa ryihuse ryinganda kandi na serivise zo kubika ingufu zubucuruzi mubihe bitandukanye byogukoresha, kuzamura ububiko bwubucuruzi nubucuruzi hamwe niterambere rikomeye.
