Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2023-02-21 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Umwanya uhoraho wo kubika ingufu mubisanzwe usobanura tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu zamasaha arenze 4. Sisitemu yo kubika amashanyarazi maremare ni sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zishobora kumva kwishyurwa kandi ikanarekura inzinguzingo muminsi, ukwezi, ndetse nigihe cyo guhura numutekano muremure wa sisitemu yamashanyarazi. Ninshi igiciro cyo gucengera kubishobora kongera ingufu zamashanyarazi, nigihe kinini cyo kubika umwanya ukenewe.
Amashanyarazi ashobora kuvugururwa afite imiterere yo gusubiramo, igihe nyamukuru cyo kubyara amashanyarazi kimwe nigihe cyo gufata amashanyarazi ntarengwa, kandi nanone hari icyuho kiri hagati yo gutanga kandi gikenewe. Mugihe kwinjira byiyongera, toni zikeneye guhagarika sisitemu yimbaraga ziyongera. Ugereranije n'umwanya muto wo kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zimara igihe kirekire zirashobora kumenya neza ibisobanuro by’ingufu, kwimura imbaraga za sisitemu yo kongera ingufu mu gihe cyo gukenera ingufu, ndetse no kugira uruhare mu guhagarika ingufu z'amashanyarazi kimwe no gukomeza ingufu ku rugero runini.
Birakenewe ko kogosha no kwuzuza ibibaya biranga ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu, kimwe no guteza imbere ibikoresho byo kubika umwanya muremure bibikwa na 4h birasabwa. Dukurikije amakuru ya CAISO, shushanya kwishyuza kandi urekure umurongo wibikoresho byo kubika ingufu za batiri mumunsi umwe muri Californiya mu gihe cyizuba muri 2021.
Igikoresho cyo kubika ingufu kibika ingufu z'amashanyarazi ku mbaraga nyinshi umunsi wose, kimwe no gusohora ingufu nyinshi mugihe cyo gukoresha ingufu nijoro, ndetse no gusohora uburebure bimara amasaha arenga 4.
Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Strategen, mu 2045, ingufu z'izuba zizaba umutungo w'ingenzi ushobora kuvugururwa muri Californiya, bingana na 75%. Kugirango habeho kuringaniza ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba, ingufu zigomba kubikwa mumasaha 8 kugeza 12 kumunsi wose, kandi nubunini bwo kubika kimwe no kohereza nimugoroba nabyo biziyongera. Byinshi, bisaba kurekurwa ubudahwema amasaha 12. Gukura kumwanya uhoraho wo kubika ingufu ni ngombwa.
Kubera umubare munini w'amashanyarazi ashobora kongera ingufu muri Amerika, Leta ya zahabu iri mubice byambere byo kurekura sisitemu nyinshi zo kubika ingufu hamwe nigihe cyo gusohora amasaha 4.
Kuva muri 2019, akarere ka Californiya katangiye kohereza sisitemu yo kubika amasaha 4. Dukurikije uko Strategen yabiteganyirije, Leta ya zahabu izarekura 2-11GW y’ibikoresho biramba bibika ingufu mu 2030, naho 45-55GW y’ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu z'igihe kirekire bizasobanurwa mu 2045
Umwanya muremure wo kubika ingufu, ingingo yingenzi ni ugutanga ubufasha muburyo bwo guhindura imikorere ya sisitemu. Mu byingenzi, muri sisitemu yingufu, uruhande rusabwa rwumutungo woroshye ni ingufu z'umuyaga kandi ni na centre itanga amashanyarazi; guhindagurika kwa sisitemu yimbaraga muri rusange biva mubice 2, kimwe nigikorwa cyoroshye cyo kubyara ingufu za generator yumwimerere, naho ubundi ni sisitemu yo kubika. iboneza ry'ibigo by'ingufu.
Iyo dusuzumye umuvuduko wo guhanga udushya, tworoshya ibigo byo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ibice 3: sisitemu y'imigabane; umwanya wo kubika ingufu zikuze zegera - ububiko bwa pompe; udushya-twinshi two kubika ingufu. Ubu buryo, birashoboka kwerekana hafi iterambere ryububiko bwamashanyarazi nkigipimo cyumuyaga ndetse nizuba ryizuba ryiyongera buhoro buhoro.
By'umwihariko, irashobora kugabanwa neza mubice bitatu:
Icyiciro cya 1: Hafi 10% yingufu zumuyaga (byerekana icyiciro Ubushinwa buzagumaho hafi ya 2021):.
Igihe cyamadirishya yigihe cyo guteza imbere ibishya-bishya birebire byokubika ingufu zikoranabuhanga bigezweho muriki cyiciro, ibice bitanga umusaruro (ingufu zamakara, ingufu za gaze) birashobora guhinduka kugirango bitange ubufasha butandukanye butandukanye; uburyo busanzwe bwo kubika ingufu uburyo bwo kuvoma ububiko kubera igihe cyo kubaka nigihe cyo kubaka Birebire (6-8 ans), bigomba kuba bigenewe kandi bigahita bitangizwa; ikiguzi cyibikorwa bishya byo kubika imbaraga biracyari bihenze cyane, icyakora niba hakiri icyuho cyoroshye, imirimo yo kubika ingufu nshya igomba kuzuzwa vuba bishoboka.
Icyiciro cya 2: Urwego rugera kuri 20% yumuriro wumuyaga (uhuye nicyiciro Ubushinwa buzaba rwose nko muri 2025):.
Kuri iki cyiciro, urugamba rukomeye rwo gutangiza ikoranabuhanga rishya rirambye ryo kubika ingufu kugirango rigabanye amafaranga rijya muri iki cyiciro. Gukora ibice bitanga umusaruro birangiye mubyukuri birangiye nkuko bidashobora gutanga intambwe-ku-ntambwe ihindagurika; Imbaraga zibanze; ubungubu, ibikenerwa byo kubika amashanyarazi mashya byiyongereye cyane.
Icyiciro cya 3: Kubijyanye na 30% byamashanyarazi yumuyaga (byerekana icyiciro cyubushinwa nko muri 2030, byerekana icyiciro cya leta ya zahabu muri 2020):.
Ikiguzi-cyongerewe imbaraga zo kubika umwanya muremure tekinoroji iri mugihe cyiterambere ryihuse mugushiraho ubushobozi. Kuri iki cyiciro, ibikoresho bihari nta mwanya wo gutera imbere nkuko bigenda buhoro buhoro; ububiko bwa pompe bugarukira kumasoko ya geografiya kandi nayo ntishobora gukomeza kuzamura; gusa ubare kubintu bishya-bishya birambye tekinoroji yo kubika Gutanga amasoko yiyongera yo guhuza n'imihindagurikire.
Icyiciro cyumwanya muremure wo kubika ingufu.
Imiterere nigiciro cyo kugabanya tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu ziratandukanye. Ukurikije ibihe bitandukanye byo gukoresha, tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu z'igihe kirekire izatanga imirongo myinshi.
Muri make, umwanya muremure wo kubika ingufu udushya dushobora kugabanywamo imirongo itatu yingenzi: kubika ingufu za mashini, kubika ingufu zumuriro, hamwe nububiko bwamashanyarazi. Muri byo, kubika ingufu za mashini bigizwe no kubika amazi yavomye no kubika ingufu zo mu kirere zikanda; ububiko bushyushye cyane cyane bwashongeshejwe umunyu; ububiko bwa chimique bugizwe na lithium-ion ya batiri yo kubika ingufu, ububiko bwa batiri ya sodium-ion kimwe nububiko bwamazi ya batiri.
Amafaranga yambere yo gushora imari, gukoresha neza ingufu kandi nubuzima buzunguruka nibintu bitatu byingenzi.
1. Umwanya uhenze cyane wo kubika ingufu zigihe kirekire: pompe yububiko bwa hydro, guhumeka umwuka, ububiko bwa batiri ya lithium-ion.
Urebye ibiciro byo kwishyuza, pompe ya hydro pompe hamwe nubundi buryo bushya bwo kubika ingufu zo mu kirere ni kimwe mu bihendutse cyane, mu gihe umwanya wo kubika ingufu za batiri ya lithium-ion ni umwanya wa tekinoroji ya kijyambere hamwe n’igiciro gihenze cyane kuri kilowatt-isaha muri iki gihe, kandi bateri ya sodium-ion na bateri zizenguruka byagabanije amafaranga kuri kilowatt-saha.
2. Umuyaga ucanye: Iyo imikorere yongerewe kugera kuri 65%, ikirere cyubukungu giteganijwe kurenza icyabitswe.
Hamwe nogutezimbere imikorere yububiko bwamashanyarazi, ikiguzi kuri buri gice cyamashanyarazi yo guhunika ingufu zoguhunika ikirere kizakomeza kugabanuka, kandi biteganijwe ko kizarenga ububiko bwa hydro pompe ndetse bikarangira aribwo buryo buhenze cyane bwo kubika amashanyarazi manini. Isuzuma rya Sensitivity ryerekana ko mugihe igiciro cyambere cyishoramari ari 1.4 Yuan / Wh, ukeka ko uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zazamutse bugera kuri 70% / 75% / 80%, ikiguzi buri mashanyarazi atekereza kubiciro byishyurwa gishobora kumanuka kugeza 0.834 / 0.806 / 0.782 yuan / kWt.
Kugeza ubu, imikorere ya Zhangjiakou ya 100MW / 400MWh yateje imbere uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zo mu kirere zashyizwe mu majwi zigeze kuri 70.4%, kandi imikorere yayo izakomeza gukurikiranwa mu gihe kizaza.
3. Bateri ya Litiyumu-ion: Nyuma yikigereranyo cya lithium igabanutse, iracyari umuti uhendutse wo kubika ingufu zirambye. Hamwe n'umuvuduko w’inganda ndetse nigihe cyizuba cyibiciro byumutungo, ikiguzi cyambere cyishoramari ryamafaranga yo kubika ingufu za lithium-ion giteganijwe kugabanuka gahoro gahoro, ibyo bikazamura ikirere kibika ingufu zubukungu. Isesengura ryibyiyumvo rikorwa. Iyo imbaraga zo kubika amashanyarazi ari 88%, ukeka ko igiciro cyambere cyishoramari cya 10MW / 50MWh sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za litiro-ion ya litiro-ion yagabanutse kugera kuri 1.5 / 1.2 / 1.0 (yuan / Wh), amafaranga kuri buri gice cyingufu zamashanyarazi urebye igiciro cyo kwishyuza ni 1.081 / 0.966 / 0.890 yuan / kWt.
4. Bateri itemba y'amazi: igiciro cyambere cyo gushora imari kandi nubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu ni inzitizi 2 zingenzi. Hamwe n'umuvuduko wibikorwa byikora, igiciro cyambere cyishoramari cyumubyigano wa batiri ingufu ziteganijwe kuzagabanuka, kandi imbaraga zacyo zo kubika ingufu zizagenda ziyongera buhoro buhoro, ibyo rwose bizarushaho kuzamura imikorere ya bateri izenguruka. Amafaranga ya KWH.
Kurangiza urwego rwo gusesengura ibyiyumvo, mugihe ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu ari 75%, ukeka ko igiciro cyambere cyishoramari ryamafaranga ya 10MW / 50MWh ya sisitemu yo kubika amashanyarazi ya batiri yububiko bugabanuka kugera kuri 2.5 / 2.0 / 1.5 (yuan / Wh), amafaranga buri mashanyarazi urebye yishyuza ingufu z'amashanyarazi azagabanuka Ni 1.293 / 1.132 / 0.971 yuan / kWh.
5. Bateri ya Sodium-ion: Nyuma yo kugabanuka gukabije kwibiciro, irashobora gukoreshwa nkigiciro cyiza cya serivisi yo kubika umwanya muremure. Mugihe ibikorwa byinganda byiyongera, ikiguzi cyambere cyo gushora imari mububiko bwa batiri ya sodium-ion biteganijwe ko kizagenda kigabanuka gahoro gahoro, bikazamura cyane ubukungu bw’ububiko bw’ubukungu.
Kora isuzuma ryimikorere, mugihe ububiko bwamashanyarazi ari 80%, ukeka ko igiciro cyambere cyishoramari cya 10MW / 50MWh sisitemu yo kubika amashanyarazi ya sodium-ion yagabanutse kugera kuri 1.6 / 1.3 / 1.0 (yuan / Wh), igiciro kuri buri mashanyarazi urebye igipimo cyo kwishyuza ni 1.263 / 1.153 / 1.044. Yuan / kWt. Iyo amafaranga yambere yishoramari agabanutse kugera kuri 1.3 (Yuan / Wh), igiciro buri mashanyarazi kizaba kiri munsi ya batiri isanzwe ya lithium-ion.
