Nigute ushobora gucunga no gucunga amashanyarazi manini yizuba + sisitemu yo kubika ingufu

Amakuru: Agace k'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni 205MW mu Ntara ya Fresno, muri Californiya; leta ya zahabu ikora kuva mu mwaka wa 2016. Mu 2021, agace gashyigikira ingufu zikomoka ku zuba zikoresha sisitemu ebyiri zo kubika ingufu za batiri (BESS), zifite intera yuzuye ya 72 mW / 288MWH, kugira ngo zifashe mu gukemura ibibazo rimwe na rimwe mu kubyara amashanyarazi no kuzamura ingufu zose z’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba.

Kuburyo bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri kumashanyarazi akoresha izuba, birasabwa kongera gusuzuma igikoresho cyo kugenzura umurima utanga amashanyarazi kuva mugihe wita kandi ugakoresha ingufu zizuba, inverter ya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri nayo igomba gushyirwamo. Ibisobanuro byayo bisaba ko byubahiriza gahunda zikaze za Californiya yigenga ya sisitemu yigenga (CAISO) n'amasezerano yo gushaka amashanyarazi.

Ibisabwa kubagenzuzi biragoye. Igenzura ritanga uburyo bwigenga kandi bwigenga bwo gukora hamwe nubushobozi bwo kugenzura amashanyarazi. Mu byo ikeneye harimo:

· Ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, kimwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri, bifatwa nk'imiterere itandukanye y'ingufu, zikoreshwa mu guhererekanya amashanyarazi, abashoferi ba sisitemu yigenga ya Californiya (CAISO), hamwe na ba rwiyemezamirimo.

· Kurinda kuvanga ibikoresho bitanga ingufu zizuba hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri zirenze ubushobozi bwumuriro wa gride kandi bishobora no kwangiza transformateur muri podiyumu.

· Gukemura ikibazo cyo gutererana ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba kugira ngo utange umwanya wa mbere mu kwishyuza sisitemu yo kubika amashanyarazi aho kugabanya ingufu z'izuba.

· Shyiramo ibikoresho byamashanyarazi ya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu n'umuriro w'izuba.

Mubihe bisanzwe, iboneza rya sisitemu ikenera ibyuma byinshi bishingiye kubikoresho bigenzurwa, biterwa nigikoresho kirekire (RTU) cyangwa porogaramu ishinzwe kugenzura ibintu (PLC) igabanijwe na porogaramu zitandukanye. Gukora bimwe nkibi sisitemu igoye igizwe na sisitemu imwe ihora ikora neza. Nimbogamizi nini isaba amasoko menshi yo kuzamura kandi ikanakuraho kunanirwa.

Kurundi ruhande, bizagengwa nubugenzuzi bushingiye kuri software, kandi kugenzura gahunda yurubuga rwose nibisobanuro nyabyo, binini, kandi nibisubizo byiza. Ibi byatoranijwe na nyirumushinga w'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mugihe ashyiraho ibikoresho birambye bitanga amashanyarazi (PPC).

Imirasire y'izuba (PPC) irashobora gutanga icyarimwe kandi igenzura. Ibi byemeza ko ubungubu, kimwe na voltage ya buri cyerekezo hamwe na voltage ya buri cyerekezo, gishobora kuzuza ibikenewe byose kandi bikagumaho murwego rwimbogamizi za tekinike ya sisitemu yingufu.

Bumwe mu buryo bwo kugera kuri iyi ntego ni uguhindura imbaraga zivuye mu bigo bitanga ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri kugira ngo imbaraga zabyo zive munsi y’agaciro kagereranijwe ka transformateur. Koresha ibisobanuro bya milisegonda 100 kugenzura ibizunguruka kugirango ubisikane, kandi umugenzuzi w’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu (PAY PER KANDA) nawe yohereza ingingo nyayo yo gushiraho amashanyarazi kuri sisitemu yo kugenzura SCADA ya sisitemu yo gukurikirana bateri (EMS) hamwe n’ibigo bitanga ingufu z'izuba. Niba sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri yahamagariwe kurekurwa, kandi nubunini bwo gusohora bizatera agaciro kagereranijwe ka transformateur, umugenzuzi cyangwa kugabanya ingufu zituruka kumirasire y'izuba mbere yuko sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri irekurwa; Gusohora muri rusange ibikoresho bitanga ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba biri munsi yikigereranyo cyagenwe na transformateur.

Umugenzuzi afata ibyemezo byigenga ashingiye kubikorwa byumuryango byabakiriya, ibyo bikaba arimwe mubyiza byo gukora neza mugenzuzi. Umugenzuzi akoresha isesengura riteganijwe hamwe nubuhanga bwubuhanga bugezweho muburyo bwo kugenzura no kugura amashanyarazi, kimwe no guhitamo ukurikije inyungu nziza zabakiriya, bitandukanye no kubona uburyo bwo kwishyuza / gusohora mugihe runaka kumunsi.

Uburyo bwa software bukoreshwa nizuba ryumuriro wumuriro kugirango ukemure ibibazo bikomeye bifitanye isano nurwego rwo gukoresha rusange amashanyarazi akomoka kumirasire y'izuba ndetse na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri. Mubihe byashize, ibisubizo bishingiye ku byuma ntibishobora kugereranywa nubuhanga bwubuhanga bwubuhanga bwubwenge bwakoze neza mubijyanye nubushobozi, umuvuduko, nibisobanuro muri iki gihe. Porogaramu ishingiye kuri porogaramu ishingiye ku mashanyarazi arambye (PAY PER KANDA) itanga serivisi nini, igamije ejo hazaza kandi yitegura gukomera kw'isoko ry'ingufu mu kinyejana cya 21.

Uburyo bumwe bwo gusohoza iyi ntego ni ukugenzura byimazeyo ingufu ziva mumashanyarazi akomoka kumirasire y'izuba hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri kugirango harebwe niba ingufu zayo zagabanutse kurenza agaciro kagereranijwe ka transformateur. Koresha ibisobanuro bya milisegonda 100 yo kugenzura ibizunguruka kugirango ubisikane, hamwe n’umugenzuzi w’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu (PPC), nayo yohereza ibintu nyabyo byo gushiraho amashanyarazi muri sisitemu yo kugenzura SCADA ya sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (EMS) hamwe n’ibigo bitanga ingufu z'izuba. Niba sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri yahamagariwe gusohora, kimwe nubunini bwo gusohora bizatera agaciro kashyizwe kumurongo wa transformateur hamwe nu mugenzuzi cyangwa kugabanya ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba mbere yuko sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri isohoka; Gusohora kwuzuye kwamashanyarazi akomoka kumirasire y'izuba bigabanutse kurenza agaciro kagereranijwe ka transformateur.

Porogaramu yegereye imirimo yo kubika izuba + ingufu kugirango ikemure ibibazo bigoye bijyanye nubunini bwikoreshwa rusange ryamashanyarazi yizuba hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri. Porogaramu ya porogaramu ishingiye ku mashanyarazi ashobora kuvugururwa (PPC) itanga igisubizo cyagutse, gishingiye ku gihe kizaza kandi yitegura guhangana n’isoko ry’ingufu mu kinyejana cya 21.