Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2022-11-29 Inkomoko: Urubuga
'Amashanyarazi y’amazi n’inyongera cyane ku mashanyarazi akomoka ku zuba n’umuyaga. ' Vuba aha, Stephen Lewis, perezida akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru w’isosiyete mpuzamahanga izwi cyane mu Budage, mu nama nyunguranabitekerezo ya Globe Clean Power Devices 2022.
Umwanya wo kuvoma ingufu za Jiewen ni kimwe mu bintu bishya bikuze, ikirere cyiza cy’ubukungu, kandi ni kimwe mu bintu binini byateye imbere mu buryo bwo kubika ingufu zishyushye muri iki gihe. Dukurikije amakuru y’ubufatanye bwa Zhongguancun Ububiko bwo Guhanga udushya mu isoko, guhera mu 2021, mu mishinga mpuzamahanga yo kubika amashanyarazi ku isi, igipimo cyo gushyira hamwe cyo kuvoma ingufu kibitse 86.2%.
Nubwo kuvoma umwanya wububiko aribwo bukoreshwa cyane mumasoko yo kubika ingufu hamwe nigice kinini cyisoko ryububiko bwingufu, mubice bitandukanye byumwanya wabitswemo ingufu, ububiko bwingufu zamashanyarazi nubundi buryo bushoboka bwo kubika ingufu mumasoko. Kugeza ubu, ubwoko bushya bwububiko bwingufu bugereranywa nububiko bwamashanyarazi bukoresha amashanyarazi burimo kwerekana uburyo bushya bwo gushora imari. Na none, amashanyarazi ya batiri yingufu nimwe mubakinnyi bambere. Mu marushanwa hagati yo kuvoma no kubika ingufu nshya, igiciro kizaba impinduka zikomeye.
Muriyi mpeshyi, 'ubushyuhe ' yahindutse rimwe mu ijambo ryibanze, kandi urugero rwubushyuhe narwo ntirusanzwe. Kwisi yose, igice cyamajyaruguru cyuyu mwaka cyagaragaye icyarimwe mugihe kimwe. Uburayi bushobora guhura n’amapfa ateye ubwoba mu myaka 500; agaciro ntangere k'ubushyuhe ahantu henshi mugihugu cyanjye cyarenze amateka ashoboka, amateka maremare yamara, hamwe nubwishingizi bunini bwa 40 ° C.
Dukurikije isuzuma riheruka gukorwa ry’Umuryango w’abibumbye, ubushyuhe bw’isi mu myaka 50 ishize bwabaye ku buryo budasanzwe mu myaka ya za 2000 ishize. Ibihe mpuzamahanga byo guhindura ibidukikije bigenda birushaho kuba bibi, kandi guhindura ingufu byihuse, kandi biteganijwe kugera ku ntego ya 'karuboni ebyiri'.
'Kugera ku ntego ya ' dual carbone ', imbaraga zirambye zahagarariwe na Photovoltaque cyangwa PV kandi ingufu z'umuyaga nigitutu cyibanze. Biteganijwe ko igihe 'Cumi na kane 5 -5 ' kizagabanuka rwose kugeza kuri 0.25 yuan / kWt, munsi y’amashanyarazi menshi ... Ibyiza byo kubyara amashanyarazi bifotora rwose bizagaragara cyane.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, gutanga ingufu zidahagarara ningorabahizi ndende yo guhangana niterambere ryamashanyarazi n’umuyaga. Nimugoroba, amafoto yerekana amashanyarazi ntashobora gutangwa, kimwe nigihe umuyaga utagira umuyaga cyangwa tropique ubaye, ingufu z'umuyaga ntizishobora gukora. Igihe kimwe n’imihindagurikire y’umutungo ushobora kuvugururwa nk’izuba n’umuyaga birashobora gutuma ibintu bidahuye n’ibikenewe, bishobora gukurura imyanda y’ingufu zitanga amashanyarazi, ndetse n’umuriro udahoraho w’amashanyarazi, kandi bikagira ingaruka ku bwiza bwo gutanga amashanyarazi.
Mu ntego ya 'twin carbone ', sisitemu y’ingufu z’Ubushinwa igomba guhindura sisitemu nshya n’imbaraga nshya nkumubiri nyamukuru. Kubika ingufu nurufunguzo rwo gukemura ibyo bibazo. Liu Hanyuan atekereza ati: 'Mugihe amafaranga akomeje kugabanuka, uburyo bunini bwo kubika ingufu bizatanga ibyiringiro bihamye by’ingufu zishobora kubaho. ' Liu Hanyuan.
Ububiko bw'amashanyarazi nabwo busanzwe bufatwa nk'isoko rya tiriyoni itaha rishobora guhaguruka, hamwe n'iterambere rikomeye.
Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo guhanga ingufu zo kubika inzira zigabanijwemo ubwoko 2: kubika ingufu zumubiri no kubika ingufu za chimique. Iyambere igereranwa no kuvoma, guhunika ikirere kibitswe, hamwe nububiko bwamashanyarazi; iyanyuma ihagaze kuri bateri ya lithium-ion, bateri ya sodium-ion, bateri ya aside-aside, bateri itembera neza, nibindi.
'Ubuyobozi bw’ingufu zisukuye ku isi kimwe n’iterambere ry’inganda (2021) ' bugaragaza ko kuva mu mwaka wa 2010 kugeza mu wa 2021, ingufu zashyizweho na sisitemu mpuzamahanga yo kubika ingufu mu kirere ziyongereyeho 41.08% zigera kuri 191.28 GW, ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo kubika amashanyarazi ku isi bwazamutseho 47.59% bugera kuri 672.2 GWh. Umwanya wo guhunika umwanya ni udushya twinshi twakuze, kimwe mubikoreshwa cyane, kandi birashoboka cyane.
'Kuvoma ahantu ho kubika amazi ni ikoranabuhanga rikuze cyane, ubukungu bwiza, kandi ni kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye by’iterambere rinini. Igiciro cyo kubika ingufu ni 0.21 kugeza 0.25 yuan / kWt, kikaba gihenze kuruta andi mafaranga yakoreshejwe. ' Liu Hanyuan.
Nyamara, ugereranije nuburyo busanzwe bwo kubika ingufu zo kuvoma amazi, impungenge cyane kubijyanye nububiko bushya bushya bwo kubika amashanyarazi ku isoko ni kimwe mubibazo bikomeye. Ubwoko bwiswe ubwoko bushya bwububiko bwamashanyarazi mubisanzwe bivuga ubwoko bushya bwubwoko bushya bwo kubika ingufu zamashanyarazi hanze yububiko bwa pompe yububiko, harimo ububiko bwamashanyarazi, ububiko bwikirere bwifunitse, hamwe nububiko bwingufu za flawheel. Muburyo bushya bwo kubika ingufu, ibyinshi muri byo ni ububiko bwamashanyarazi (bateri ya lithium-ion, bateri ya sodium-ion, bateri ya aside-aside, bateri ya fluide), cyane cyane ububiko bwa batiri ya lithium-ion.
Iterambere ritera inkunga kwerekana ikoranabuhanga no kugerageza mbere kandi bigateza imbere iterambere ryububiko bushya bwingufu, inganda, nisoko. Mu mpera za 2025, urwego rwo kwishyiriraho ububiko bushya muri sisitemu y’amashanyarazi ruzagera kuri miliyoni 30 kilowat.
Munsi yububiko bushya bwo kubika ingufu, ibicuruzwa byo kubika ingufu byiyongereye. Dukurikije amakuru ya GGII, ibicuruzwa byo kubika ingufu zo guturamo byoherejwe mu 2021 byari 48GWh, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 2,6.
Amafaranga azakoreshwa azasuzumwa cyane niba arimo kuvoma umwanya wo kubika amazi cyangwa kubika amashanyarazi mashya. Dukurikije uko Liu Hanyuan abitekereza, andi mafaranga yakoreshejwe mu kubika amashanyarazi, nka electrochemie, biteganijwe ko azagabanuka kugera kuri 0.2 kugeza kuri 0.3 Yuan / kWt mu gihe cya 'Gahunda y’imyaka 14 y’imyaka itanu '. Niba ikiguzi cya batiri yo kubika ingufu gishobora kugabanuka neza, ibi bizaba hafi yikiguzi cyo kuvoma.
Ni muri urwo rwego, bateri zo kubika ingufu zo guturamo nazo zateguwe. Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu Bushinwa bubika ingufu zo mu kirere, ibigo 12 byagaragaje iyagurwa ry’imirimo yo kubika amashanyarazi mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2022, hamwe n’ishoramari ry’amafaranga muri rusange ryinjije miliyari 100. Muri bo, Baofeng Team ishora imari ni yo nini. Muri Werurwe uyu mwaka, umushinga wa Baofeng Group 200GWH lithium-ion yo kubika ingufu z'umushinga wuzuye w’ubucuruzi watangijwe ku mugaragaro muri Yinchuan. Igiteranyo cy’amafaranga yose y’umushinga yari miliyari 69.2. China Innovation Airlines yakoresheje miliyari 20 i Jiangmen, Guangdong.
Ubushobozi bwo kuvoma ni bwo bukoreshwa cyane ku isoko ryo kubika ingufu n’igice kinini cy’isoko ryo kubika ingufu; mubice bigabanya ububiko bwamashanyarazi, ububiko bwamashanyarazi nubuhanga buhanitse bushoboka bwo kubika ingufu. Isubiramo, kimwe n’imihindagurikire y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa nka Photovoltaque cyangwa PV kimwe n’ingufu z’umuyaga birashobora gutuma habaho itangwa ridahuye n’ibisabwa, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutera isesagura ry’amashanyarazi, ndetse n’itangwa ry’amashanyarazi ridahoraho ry’amashanyarazi, kandi bikagira ingaruka no ku bwiza bwo hejuru bw’amashanyarazi.
Ugereranije nuburyo busanzwe bwo kubika ingufu zo kuvoma ahantu ho kubika amazi, impungenge cyane zijyanye nububiko bushya bushya bwo kubika ingufu ku isoko muri iki gihe ni bwo buhangayikishijwe cyane n’isoko. Ubwoko bwiswe ubwoko bushya bwububiko bwamashanyarazi mubisanzwe bivuga ubwoko bushya bwububiko bwamashanyarazi bwo kubika amashanyarazi hanze yubushobozi bwo kuvoma pompe, harimo ububiko bwamashanyarazi, ububiko bwikirere bwashyizwe hamwe, hamwe nububiko bwingufu za flawheel. Muburyo bushya bwo kubika ingufu, ibyinshi ni ububiko bwingufu zamashanyarazi (bateri ya lithium-ion, bateri ya sodium-ion, bateri ya aside-aside, bateri yimigezi), ububiko bwihariye bwa litiro -ion.
