Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2022-10-26 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Duhereye kubitekerezo bihari, hariho ibintu bibiri bisanzwe byamafoto yerekana amashanyarazi, sisitemu ihujwe na sisitemu ya sisitemu. Sisitemu ihujwe na gride iterwa na gride yamashanyarazi, kandi ifata imikorere yimikorere ya 'kwikenura, imbaraga zisagutse kuri gride ' cyangwa 'byuzuye kuri gride '. Sisitemu ya off-grid ntabwo ishingiye kumashanyarazi, kimwe no kubara kuburyo bukora bwa 'ububiko kimwe no gukoresha ' cyangwa 'umwanya wabitswe hanyuma hanyuma ukoreshe '. Ku ngo mu bice bidafite amashanyarazi cyangwa amashanyarazi adahoraho, sisitemu ya gride ifite ibikorwa bifatika.
Urebye ko off-grid ari icyifuzo kidahinduka, amafaranga yinjira ni menshi. Nka gride ihuza imashini, niba wifuza gukora off-grid umurimo, ugomba guhindura igice cyibitekerezo byawe. Niba ukomeje gukoresha umurongo uhuza igitekerezo kugirango ukore off-grid, ntushobora kuba ufite ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibyifuzo cyangwa guhaza ibyo umukiriya akeneye.
Iyo dushora amafaranga mumitungo, ibikoresho, isoko kimwe nindi mishinga itandukanye, dukeneye kumenya umubare w'amafaranga dushobora kubona buri mwaka ndetse n'imyaka dushobora kwishyura igishoro cyacu. Hariho infashanyo za leta zo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Kubaka sitasiyo yingufu ningeso zishoramari, kandi abakiriya bahangayikishijwe cyane ninyungu zishoramari. Nyamara iyo tuguze terefone igendanwa, sisitemu ya mudasobwa, imyenda kimwe nibindi bisabwa mubuzima, ntituzabura kubara imyaka dushobora kubona ibikoresho. Ikintu kimwe gifatika kuri sisitemu yo hanze ya gride Usibye ahantu hato usanga ibiciro byamashanyarazi bihenze cyane kandi bikungahaye cyane, ibyinshi muribyo ni uguhuza amashanyarazi yibanze yabantu bisaba, niba umukiriya umwe utari gride abara inyungu kubushoramari, ntibishobora kuba bifite ubushobozi bwo kwishyura mumyaka 10 cyangwa wenda 15, kimwe nabakiriya bashobora guhagarika igitekerezo cyo gushiraho amashanyarazi. Impamvu ituma sisitemu ya gride idashobora gufatwa nka sisitemu ihujwe na gride mubukungu ni uko sisitemu ya off-grid ihenze cyane kuruta sisitemu ihuza gride.
Sisitemu yo hanze ya gride ikubiyemo ubwoko bwamafoto yumuriro, kugenzura izuba, inverter, paki ya batiri, imizigo, nibindi. Ugereranije na sisitemu ihujwe na gride, hariho bateri nyinshi, zifata 30-40% byigiciro cya sisitemu yo kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi, bikaba bisa nkibintu. Byongeye kandi, ubuzima bwa serivisi ya bateri ntabwo ari ndende. Bateri ya aside-aside isanzwe ni imyaka 3-5, kandi bateri ya lithium muri rusange ni imyaka 8-10, kimwe nibisabwa guhinduka nyuma yibyo.
Kuri inverter hamwe nimbaraga zimwe, igiciro cya gride ni inshuro 1.5 kugeza kuri 3 ugereranije na grid ihujwe na inverter. Inver-off-grid inverters iraruhije kuruta grid-ihuza inverter. Inverteri ya gride mubisanzwe ifite urwego rwinzego enye, rugizwe nubugenzuzi, kuzamura, guhinduranya, ndetse no kwigunga, kimwe nigiciro kigomba gukora hamwe ninshuro ebyiri za enterineti ihujwe.
Kubububasha bumwe, ubushobozi burenze urugero bwa off-grid inverter irarenze 30% kurenza iyo ya gride ihujwe na inverter. Imbere-icyiciro cya gride-ihuza inverter ihujwe nibintu, kandi n'ibisubizo bifatanye na gride. Mubisanzwe, ubushobozi burenze urugero ntibukenewe, kubera ko hari ibice bike bifite imbaraga z ibisubizo. Niba ibisubizo bya off-grid inverter irenze imbaraga zashyizwe kumurongo, ibisubizo bya off-grid inverter ihujwe na toni, kandi toni nyinshi ni imitwaro yivangura. Imbaraga zo gutangira zikubye inshuro 3-5 imbaraga zapimwe, bityo ubushobozi burenze urugero bwa off-grid inverter nikimenyetso kitoroshye. Imbaraga z'igikoresho zizamuka, byerekana ko ikiguzi kizaba kinini.
Ibisubizo bya off-grid inverters ni bike. Kugeza ubu, umugabane w’isoko rya fotovoltaque uhuza isoko bifitanye isano na 98%, naho umugabane w isoko utari kuri gride ufitanye isano na 2%. Ubwinshi bwo gutanga bwaragabanutse cyane, ntibushobora kuba ubwikorezi bwikora, nibicuruzwa mbisi kandi n’amafaranga yo gukora ni menshi cyane.
Muri sisitemu izuba riva kuri gride, bateri yo kubika ingufu zifite igice kinini, kandi kandi ikiguzi gisa nkicy'imirasire y'izuba, nyamara ubuzima bumara ni bugufi cyane ugereranije nibice bigize izuba. Amashanyarazi. Sisitemu yo hanze ya grid igomba kuba ifite bateri zibika ingufu, kuki?
Mu ikubitiro, amashanyarazi yumuriro wamashanyarazi nigihe na toni yo gukoresha ingufu ntabwo byanze bikunze bihujwe. Muri sisitemu ya Photovoltaque cyangwa pv off-grid sisitemu, ibyinjijwe nibintu, bikoreshwa mugukoresha amashanyarazi, kandi ibisubizo bifitanye isano na toni. Photovoltaic itanga amashanyarazi ku manywa, kandi itanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi gusa iyo hari izuba. Mubisanzwe, ingufu z'amashanyarazi nizo zikomeye saa sita. Nubwo bimeze bityo, saa kumi n'ebyiri z'amanywa, gusaba ingufu ntabwo ari byinshi. Amazu menshi akoresha urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rutari rukoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi nijoro. Niki gukora amashanyarazi akorwa kumunsi? Mu ntangiriro, igikoresho cyo kubika ingufu ni bateri yo kubika ingufu. Tegereza uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi, nka 7 cyangwa umunani nijoro, hanyuma nyuma yo gutangiza ingufu.
Icya kabiri, kubyara ingufu z'izuba kandi na toni ingufu ntabwo byanze bikunze bisa. Amashanyarazi ya Photovoltaque cyangwa pv yatewe nimirasire, idafite umutekano muke, kandi toni ntizihagaze neza, nka konderasi na frigo. Toni rwose izatera sisitemu kuba idahindagurika, kandi voltage izamuka rwose igwe. Bateri yo kubika ingufu nigikoresho cyo kuringaniza ingufu. Iyo ingufu za Photovoltaque ziri hejuru yububasha bwa tombora, umugenzuzi yohereza ingufu zirenze kubipaki ya batiri kugirango ibike. Iyo ingufu za Photovoltaque zidashobora kuzuza ubufindo bukenewe, umugenzuzi yohereza ingufu za bateri kuri tombora.
Usibye ingingo 3 zavuzwe haruguru, imiterere ya sisitemu ya off-grid iratandukanye niyi ya sisitemu ihuza imiyoboro. Ibigize, inverter, kimwe na bateri zibika ingufu zigomba gutegurwa ukurikije ibyo abakiriya bakeneye. Gusa muguhindura ibyo bitekerezo, sisitemu ya off-grid ishobora gukorwa neza.
