Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2022-09-26 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingufu, ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni ikoranabuhanga rigezweho hamwe no kugabanuka byihuse. Igishushanyo 1 kirerekana igiciro gisanzwe cyo kugurisha ibice byizuba mumyaka 10 ishize. Mu myaka icumi ishize, igiciro cya moderi ya Photovoltaque cyaje inshuro zigera kuri 15. Kugeza ubu, hari ibipimo byerekana ko icyiciro gishya cyo kugabanya ibiciro byizuba biguma mu muyoboro. Kwinjizamo hamwe no gukomeza guhuza hamwe no kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu isanzwe itanga amashanyarazi hamwe nububiko bwamashanyarazi, amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba azaba ahendutse cyane kumasoko azaza.
Kuki amafaranga yibigize PV yagabanutse vuba mumyaka 20 ishize? Mu bushakashatsi bwe, Mwarimu Kavlak wo muri MIT yanditse urutonde rwibintu bimwe bishobora gutuma igiciro cyigabanuka, kandi akanatandukanya ibyo bintu mubice bito kandi biri murwego rwo hejuru.
Ibice biri hasi: kwiyongera mubikorwa bikora neza, kuzamuka ahantu wafer, kugabanuka kumikoreshereze ya silikoni, no kugabanuka kwahantu hatari ibicuruzwa bya silikoni;
Ibice bikomeye byateganijwe: gutera inkunga leta ya reta, R&D, ubukungu bwikigereranyo, kwiga mukora.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Porofeseri Martin Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, 'papa w’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ', yizera ko uburyo bwa Kavlak bwirengagiza ibihe bimwe na bimwe mu myaka myinshi, bitabaye ibyo kubyara amashanyarazi bishobora kuba bikiri tekinoloji igezweho.
Kubyubahiriza ni imyanzuro yubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Porofeseri Martin Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, yerekeza ku kwandika 'Nigute Batteri Solar Yabonye Igiciro gito cyane? ' Yikinyamakuru cyo ku isi 'Joule ' (Igishinwa: Joule)
Nyuma yo gukura kwa batiri hakiri kare cyane, mu Kwakira 1973, ibihugu by’abarabu byahagaritse peteroli mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba kubera Intambara ya Kane ya Centre y'Iburasirazuba, bituma haba mu bihe bibi bya peteroli mu mateka. Ibi byatumye umukuru wigihugu Nixon atangiza 'Gahunda y'Ubwigenge, ' agamije gutuma Amerika yigenga mu mbaraga. Igikorwa cya Flat Panel Solar Array (FSA) cyavuyemo, kuva 1975 kugeza 1985, cyane cyane mubuyobozi bwa Carter, cyatanze ibisubizo byinshi byingenzi, bigizwe na tekinoroji ya selile yacapishijwe ecran, yatumaga isoko igenda neza.
Imbarutso ikurikira ni ibihe bya kirimbuzi bya Chernobyl mu 1986, byiganje ku isi hose mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya Photovoltaque. Ubuyapani bwasohoye gahunda ya 'Million Roofs ' mu 1993, bugamije kugera kuri miliyoni imwe y’amafoto y’imbere mu gihugu mu mwaka wa 2010. Iyi ntego yagezweho mu Buyapani ndetse no muri Ositaraliya mu 2013. Nyuma y’amatora ya politiki yo mu Budage mu 1998, umuyobozi wa politiki w’icyerekezo Hermann yerekanye itegeko ry’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, rikaba ari ihererekanyabubasha rikabije ryo kugabanya ibiciro bya sisitemu y’amashanyarazi (n’umuyaga). Mu Budage, guverinoma itanga serivisi ku bitabiriye amahugurwa muri ako karere, yamamaza iterambere ry’imiterere y’inganda EPC, gukwirakwiza udushya, kuvugurura ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa ndetse no guteza imbere urwego.
Muri icyo gihe, itsinda rya Martin muri Ositaraliya ryiyongera imbere muri Werurwe. Mu myaka 36 ishize, mubyukuri bakoze selile silicon ugereranije na 50%. Itsinda mu byukuri rifite inyandiko ya 'selile ishoboka yo gukora selile ' mumyaka 30. Ibikorwa byabo bishya ni selile ya PERC, ubu niyo selile ikora neza kwisi. ubwoko.
Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 90, ubwo Ubushinwa bwatangaga amahirwe menshi ku bigo bwite, umushakashatsi, Shi Zhengrong, yiyemeje kubaka uruganda rukora amashanyarazi rukora amashanyarazi. Mu 2002, abifashijwemo na bagenzi be bo muri kaminuza ya New South Wales, ikigo cye cyakusanyije miliyoni 6 z'amadolari yo kubaka umurongo wa mbere w’inganda PV ukora mu Bushinwa. Mu guha ibice Ubudage, isosiyete ye, Suntech, yakuze vuba, izana inyungu z’amabanki y’ishoramari ry’imari muri Amerika, kandi amaherezo yarasobanuwe ku Isoko ry’imigabane rya New York (NYSE). Suntech yabaye ubucuruzi bwambere bwabashinwa bwihariye kurutonde rwivunjisha, kandi urutonde rwagenze neza cyane, bigaragara ko ikoranabuhanga rinini ryashyizwe ku rutonde mu 2005.
Intsinzi ya Suntech yatumye abashoramari bo muri Amerika batangira gushaka andi masosiyete atandukanye yo mu Bushinwa PV kurutonde. Mbere y’ubudahangarwa bwa Lehman Brothers mu 2008, ubucuruzi icyenda bwa PV bw’Abashinwa bwatangwaga ku kuvunja muri Amerika, ndetse n’ubucuruzi ubu bwarangije kuba inkingi y’umusaruro wa PV. Batandatu muri bo baracyari ku rutonde rwa 2019 'Bayoboye 10 ' urutonde rw’abatunganya PV mpuzamahanga (Trina Solar, Solar yo muri Kanada, JA Solar, Yingli, Hanwha na Shunfeng Photonics. Iya 7 ni Jinko, yagiye ahagaragara mu mwaka wa 2010).
Isoko ryinshi ryatewe no kwiyongera kw'ishoramari ku isoko ry'inganda ryashyize ingufu mu kugabanuka cyane ku biciro, cyane cyane ko muri 2008 (Ishusho 1). Mu gihe ibigo byaharaniye gukomeza guhembwa, ntibishobora kurenga ku mabwiriza y’isoko, cyane cyane mu gihe igabanuka rya 2 ry’igiciro kinini hagati ya 2011 na 2013, igihe ibigo byinshi byirukanwe mu murenge. Nyuma yibyo, isoko ryinjiye mu cyiciro gihamye, aho ibiciro byagabanutse buhoro buhoro ku gipimo cya 20% buri mwaka. Guverinoma y’Ubushinwa mu by'ukuri yashyigikiye isoko y’amafoto cyangwa pv mu buryo bwateganijwe kuva mu mwaka wa 2010, ndetse na gahunda yayo yo guteza imbere isoko yatumye Ubushinwa buza ku isonga mu gukora amashusho y’amafoto cyangwa pv.
Hatabayeho guhindura umusaruro wa PV mu Bushinwa n’amafaranga menshi y’abaterankunga bo muri Amerika, ikiguzi cy’amashanyarazi ya PV kirashobora kuba gihenze kugirango abantu benshi babigereho. Urufunguzo rw’iri hinduka ni igihe cya Shi Zhengrong: niba ari igikorwa kimwe nyuma, ubukungu bw’isi yose buzatuma rwose butakaza amahirwe yo kumenyekana muri Amerika, ndetse n’amarushanwa akaze y’amasosiyete 9 y’amafoto y’amashanyarazi cyangwa pv yo mu Bushinwa kugira ngo abeho byatumye izuba rihari. Igiciro cyiza cyane.
