Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2022-07-11 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Sisitemu isanzwe itanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba cyangwa pv igizwe no gutoranya amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba (ibice), tereviziyo ya kabili, ibyuma bifata amashanyarazi (inverter), ibikoresho bibika ingufu (bateri), imizigo cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo, n'ibindi. Muri byo, intera ya batiri izuba hamwe nibikoresho bibika ingufu ni uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi, umugenzuzi kimwe na sisitemu yo gukingira amashanyarazi hamwe na toni na sisitemu.
Igikoresho gito cyane cyo guhindura amashanyarazi ni selile izuba. Ingano yacyo ni 4 ~ 100cm2, voltage ikora ni 0.45 ~ 0,50 V, kimwe numuyoboro wacyo ni 20 ~ 25mA / cm2, ntabwo rero ushobora gukoreshwa nkumuriro w'amashanyarazi wenyine. Muri sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi cyangwa pv, selile yizuba igomba guhuzwa murukurikirane, ibangikanye kandi ikanapakirwa kugirango iteze imbere moderi ya batiri yizuba. Imbaraga zayo zirashobora kuva kuri watt nkeya kugeza kuri magana watt kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa wenyine nkisoko yingufu. Imirasire y'izuba ni uguhuza ibice by'izuba mugukusanya no kubigereranya hanyuma nyuma ukabishyira kumurongo. Irashobora gusohora amagana ya watt, kilowat nyinshi cyangwa wenda imbaraga nyinshi, kandi niyo itanga amashanyarazi ya sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho bya batiri yizuba. Ukurikije ubwoko bw'imirasire y'izuba, birashobora kugabanywamo: ibice bya silikoni ya monocrystalline, ibice bya silicon polycrystalline, ibice bya gallium arsenide, amorphous silicon slim firime selile, nibindi. Muri byo, silikoni ya kristaline (harimo na silikoni ya monocrystalline ndetse na silikoni y'ibicuruzwa byinshi) Ibice by'izuba bigizwe na 80% kugeza 90% by'isoko. Ibikoresho byo gupakira hamwe nuburyo bwa silikoni ya kristaline nayo iratandukanye, cyane cyane itandukanijwe mubintu bya epoxy ibona umutekano, ibicuruzwa byapakiye ibicuruzwa bipfunyika ibicuruzwa bya silicone, nibindi.
Sisitemu yigenga yerekana amashanyarazi cyangwa pv yishingikiriza kuri bateri kugirango ibike ingufu zamashanyarazi zirenze, bityo bateri zifite inshingano zingenzi muri sisitemu yigenga y’amashanyarazi yigenga. Mugihe igiciro cyo kubaza ibice bigize selile yizuba kigabanuka, ijanisha ryibiciro bya batiri muri sisitemu yuzuye ishoramari ryimari rizazamuka buhoro buhoro. Byongeye kandi, muburyo bwa sisitemu yigenga ya fotokolta yigenga, uburyo busanzwe bwa sisitemu kubera kunanirwa na bateri rwose bizatura igice kinini. Kubwibyo, mugihe ukora sisitemu, nibyingenzi cyane guhitamo ubwoko bwa bateri ikwiye, kumenya ubushobozi bwa bateri nziza, gukora neza uburyo bwo kuyishyiraho, uburyo, ndetse no kwitondera neza uburyo busanzwe bwa sisitemu yigenga yizuba yizuba cyangwa pv.
Inverter muri fotokoltaque cyangwa pv sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi ni umuzenguruko uhindura, kandi nanone umurimo wacyo ni uguhindura umuyaga utaziguye uturuka kumirasire y'izuba ukazunguruka mubihe bitandukanye bisabwa kandi bifite agaciro ka voltage. Inverter irashobora gutandukana neza muri pasiporo kandi nayo ikora. Inverteri ya pasiporo yerekana ko ingufu za DC zitangwa muburyo butaziguye binyuze muri inverter, kimwe na inverter ifite ingufu byerekana ko ingufu za DC zitangwa kumashanyarazi yumuyaga hamwe na inverter.
Ibisabwa byo guhindura DC kuri AC bigaragazwa kandi ko mugihe sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi ikeneye kongera cyangwa kugabanya ingufu za voltage, sisitemu yo guhumeka ikenera kongeramo gusa transformateur, mugihe udushya nibikoresho muri sisitemu ya DC bitoroshye cyane. Kubwibyo, usibye abakiriya badasanzwe, inverters zirakenewe muri sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi cyangwa pv.
Mubyongeyeho, inverter yongeyeho ifite imikorere yubuyobozi bwa voltage yumurongo cyangwa amategeko akoreshwa nintoki za voltage, zishobora kuzamura ubwiza bwamashanyarazi ya sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi. Nta gushidikanya, inverter ningirakamaro nkibikoresho byingenzi bikomeza muri sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi.
