Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2022-09-08 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Nkibikoresho byibanze byamashanyarazi yifoto, ubwiza bwamafoto ya PV cyangwa moderi ya PV byakuruye cyane, kandi niba bishobora kugera kubuzima bwa serivisi byahanuwe mubisanzwe. Ni ukubera iki ibintu byinshi byisoko bidahagije igihe cyo kubaho? Ni ikihe kibazo rwose kirimo 'by'agateganyo '?
Uyu munsi, ubucuruzi bwinshi butanga ubwoko 2 bwingwate kuri moderi ya PV. Imwe ni garanti ntoya ya garanti, kandi garanti yamara ni imyaka 10 cyangwa 12. Imikorere yamashanyarazi yabujijwe, garanti yingirakamaro ya serivise yumuriro, mubisanzwe ni garanti yimyaka 25 itaziguye. Ubucuruzi bumwe butanga garanti yimyaka 30 yubwoko bwihariye bwa modul (nka moderi ebyiri-ibirahuri) kugirango bongere ubushobozi bwibintu. Urebye ko modul zigize ijanisha ryinshi ryibiciro bya sisitemu, ubuzima bwo gushushanya uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi nifoto yumuriro nubusanzwe ni garanti yingufu nziza yibigize.
Tuvuze neza, ntishobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwamafaranga niba ubuzima buteganijwe igihe cyateganijwe cyashizweho kugirango kibe imyaka 25 cyangwa niba imbaraga ntarengwa ziva muri module zahujwe na 80% byimbaraga zambere.
Mu rwego rwo gukemura ibibazo by’isoko, Ikigo cyujuje ibisabwa cya Jianheng cyakoze imirimo ikwiye yo gupima no kwiga. Mu myaka mike ishize, yashizwemo nubundi buryo bwo kwerekana amashanyarazi, Jianheng abizi neza yarangije gusuzuma no gusuzuma akoresheje ibice byubwoko butandukanye hamwe n’ibidukikije bitandukanye. Igishushanyo 1 kirerekana ko Jianheng yahisemo ubwoko 21 nubwoko butandukanye bwibigize muri buri gace k’ibidukikije hagati y’amashanyarazi 20 aherereye mu gihugu cyanjye munsi y’ubushyuhe, butuje, bukonje, hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye bifotora, kimwe n’ibice 63 byose bifite ibipimo ntarengwa byo gupima ingufu ndetse no gusuzuma ibizagerwaho.
1) Ukurikije igihe cyagenwe, ingero zintangarugero zitandukanijwe mubyiciro bitatu, bigizwe nigihe cyo gutangira mugihe cyumwaka 1, imyaka 3, kandi no mumyaka 5.
) Muri bo, 'Umubare ntarengwa w’ingufu zerekana ko ugabanuka ' usobanura igipimo cy’igipimo ntarengwa cyo kongera ingufu z’ingufu z’uruganda runaka hamwe n’igishushanyo cyihariye 'icyitegererezo cy’ibice by'icyitegererezo ' kugeza ku gaciro keza keza (kubara mu buryo butaziguye) mu gihe gikwiranye; '
3) Kubara igiciro ntarengwa cyo kugabanuka kwingingo ukurikije imbaraga zizina; mugihe cyo gukoresha amakuru, ibipimo bidashidikanywaho byimbaraga ntarengwa ntibisuzumwa.
4) Gusuzuma ibintu bifite isura igaragara kandi inenge yimbere yo hejuru ikurwaho mugihe cyo gutunganya amakuru.
5) Itandukaniro riri hagati yambere yapimwe nimbaraga zizina hamwe ningaruka zurwego rutateganijwe. Nubwo ari ibisubizo byisesengura, haracyari itandukaniro.
Impuzandengo yagaciro ya 'Optimum Power Attenuation Mean Index ' yibintu 63 byasuzumwe nimpamyabumenyi ni 0.71. Muri byo, hari ubwoko 19 bwibintu bifite igihe cyo gukora kitarenze umwaka, kandi 'bivuze indangagaciro yerekana imbaraga nziza ' ni 0,71; hari ubwoko 32 bwibigize hamwe nigihe cyo gukora cyerekeranye nimyaka 3, kandi 'bisobanura indangagaciro yo gutakaza ingufu nziza ' ni 0,71; Hariho ubwoko 12 bwibigize ahagana mu mwaka wa 2010, kandi 'Ikigereranyo cyo Kugereranya Imbaraga Zishobora Kwiyongera ' ni 0,72, bivuze ko urwego rusanzwe rwo kongera ingufu rwibigize ari rwiza cyane kuruta agaciro kemejwe. Gufata module ya polysilicon hamwe nigihe cyo gukora kingana nimyaka 5 nkurugero, agaciro kubwishingizi bwingufu ntarengwa zo kugabanuka kwamasomo nyuma yo guhatana imyaka 5 ntabwo irenze 5.3%, ibarwa hashingiwe ku gaciro k’ingwate itaziguye itarenze 2.5% mu mwaka wa mbere kandi ntabwo irenga 0.7% muri buri mwaka ukurikira., 'Optimum Power Depletion Mean Index ' ni 0.72. Agaciro gasanzwe k'imbaraga nini ntarengwa igice ni 3.98%.
Uhereye kuriyi sisitemu yamakuru, urwego rusanzwe rwo gutakaza imbaraga za module ni nziza cyane kurenza agaciro kizewe; mubyongeyeho, kuri modul hamwe nigihe cyo gukora cyumwaka 1, imyaka 3, ndetse nimyaka 5, itandukaniro muri 'imbaraga nyinshi zo kugabanuka zerekana indangagaciro ' ni nto. Projection igororotse iva gusa muburyo bwiza bwo gutakaza agaciro. Ugendeye kuri degre de power attenuation, dushobora gutekereza ko ibice byinshi bishobora gukoreshwa mumafaranga mumyaka 25 cyangwa irenga.
Nubwo bidateganijwe, bimaze kuba akamenyero ko gusuzuma no kwemeza ibice byagurishijwe hejuru kuri IEC 61215 na IEC 61730.Mu myaka yashize, ibice bimwe byemejwe nabyo byahuye nibibazo byujuje ubuziranenge mugukoresha, kandi nanone umuntu ntashobora kubabaza ati: Kuki ibintu byemewe kuri IEC 61215 na IEC 61730 bigifite ibibazo? Gusubiza iki kibazo bisaba kubanza kumva neza inshingano za IEC 61215 na IEC 61730.
Inshingano y'ibisabwa IEC 61215 isobanurwa neza muri 'Urwego kimwe n'Intego ' ya IEC 61215-1: 2016 'Module ya Photovoltaic yo gukoresha ubutaka - Impamyabumenyi yo gushushanya no kurangiza - Igice cya 1: Kugenzura ibisabwa ', kubahiriza ingingo zisabwa kumenyekana:
1. nka: binyuze mubizamini byibanze, byemejwe gusa ko ikintu gifite imikorere yibanze ikenewe kubikorwa birebire. Ntabwo byerekana ko ibice bishobora gukoreshwa mumyaka 25.
) Kubibazo byihariye, ibisabwa muri iki gihe cyo gukusanya IEC bifata uburyo bwa 'ikibanza ', ni ukuvuga, gushiraho ibipimo byihariye byikizamini kubibazo bihari cyangwa bivuka bikenewe cyangwa ibibazo, nka IEC TS 62804-1 'Solar Module Potential-iterwa no Kurimbuka Ikizamini No 1 ' Ibigize: Crystalline Silicon, IEC 61701 Ikizamini cya Rusi ya Rusiya Amashanyarazi.
3) Hejuru y'ibyo, muri IEC 61215 isanzwe ihindurwa kurushaho, gukurikiza amabwiriza biratangwa: 'Ibibazo by’ibizamini byiyongereye bishingiye ku byagaragaye ko byananiranye. Impinduka zinyuranye z’umuvuduko zirashobora gutorwa ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibintu, kandi n’ibisubizo by’ibizamini ntibigomba gufatwa nk’uko ubuzima bumeze, ndetse n’uburyo bwose bwo kugabanuka, bishobora kugenzurwa n’ibisobanuro, kugira ngo bisuzumwe neza. ibikoresho. Kwihangana cyangwa kwiyubaka, cyangwa ubwishingizi bwo hanze buvuga ko ibice byatsinze inshuro 3 ikizamini rusange IEC gishobora gukoreshwa mumyaka mirongo itatu, kubura ishingiro.
Muri rusange, ibipimo bya IEC bigezweho hamwe nibipimo byigihugu byose hamwe kimwe na sisitemu ihagije. Na none, haracyariho icyuho cyujuje ibisabwa muburyo bwa element, gukoresha, umusaruro kimwe no kwemeza ubuziranenge.
1. Ukurikije ibisubizo byisesenguye, mubihinduka bitandukanye bigira ingaruka kumibereho ya serivisi yibice, guhanga ni Impamyabumenyi ikuze, ibyemezo byubuziranenge, hamwe n’ibidukikije ni ibintu byingenzi bigomba gucungwa.
1) Umubare 3 ugaragaza ibyavuye mu kizamini cyo gutandukanya urugero ntarengwa rwo kongera ingufu mu mashanyarazi 6 aherereye mu bice bitandukanye. Buri ruganda rukora amashanyarazi rutora ibice biva mumushinga umwe, bigashyirwa mugihe kimwe, kimwe nimpamyabumenyi zitandukanye. Muri byo, ibice byagaragaye hamwe na 'A ' ni imiterere-yohejuru cyane mu gihe kimwe, kandi ibice byagaragaye hamwe na 'B ' ni byo bikora neza.
Mu matsinda 6 yo kugereranya, urutonde rusanzwe rwingufu ntarengwa za 'A ' ibice byubwoko biri munsi yibyo 'B ' ibice byiza. Ukurikije ubunararibonye, ibice bimwe 'B ' biracyatera imbere kandi bifite umutekano mubikorwa byinshi.
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Ugereranije, birashobora kugaragara ko kugabanuka kwingufu nziza za modul zikoreshwa mukarere keza kandi gacye cyane ntigutandukanye cyane; ibice bikoreshwa mukarere k'ubukonje butandukanye bitandukanye cyane nibisanzwe nkibipimo byagaciro bikabije. Byiza cyane kurenza ubwoko 2 bwambere bwibidukikije. Ibi birerekana ko kubibazo bimwe na bimwe by’ibidukikije byihariye, imiterere igenewe irasabwa kunoza ubwizerwe bwibintu.
3) Umubare 5 werekana ibisubizo byikigereranyo cyo kugereranya no gusuzuma urwego rwiza rwo kongera ingufu mu guhitamo ibice 7 bitagira inenge zigaragara muri modul 2 zitangwa ninganda zitandukanye zikoreshwa muruganda rumwe. 'Indangagaciro ya attenuation ' mu mubare yerekeza ku kigereranyo cya module igena igipimo ntarengwa cyo kwiyongera kwingufu zingana nigihe cyagenwe cyigihe kimwe.
Mugereranije, birashobora kugaragara ko uburyo, kimwe nuburinganire bwimbaraga nziza zoguhuza ibice bigize uruganda B, nibyiza cyane kurenza ibice byuwabikoze A, byerekana indorerwamo uwabikoze A afite ibibazo mubikorwa byubwiza bwibikorwa kandi nuburinganire bwibicuruzwa byo hejuru nibibi.
Birakwiye ko twerekana ko mubigize ibizamini byageragejwe, ibice byakozwe n’ikigo cy’amahanga gikoreshwa mu ruganda rw’amashanyarazi nta na kimwe kigabanuka nyuma yimyaka 3 ikoreshwa, kandi itandukaniro ryimikorere hagati yicyitegererezo ni rito cyane, ryerekana urwego rwo hejuru rwubunyangamugayo.
2. Ibibazo bigaragara mugukoresha nyabyo ibice
Ukurikije isesengura ryamakuru yikizamini gihari, ibice mugihe cyibikorwa byose birashobora gushyirwa mubice 4 byerekeranye no gutakaza ingufu nziza kuruta uko ibintu bimeze. Birashobora kugereranywa ko: ibice bifite impuzandengo yikigereranyo kiri munsi ya 0.5 byujuje icyitegererezo 1 mumibare 6; ibice bifite indangagaciro isanzwe ya 0.5 kugeza kuri 1 ihuza nicyerekezo 2; ibice bifite indangagaciro isanzwe ya 1 kugeza kuri 1.5 ni ibice birwaye, bikunda gushushanya 3; Ibice bifite indangagaciro zisanzwe zirenga 1.5 zifite ibibazo bikomeye kandi bikunda guhinduka bine.
Mu isesengura ryambere ryamasomo akunda guhinduka 3 kimwe na 4, ibintu byo kwangirika byihuse byimbaraga nziza za module ahanini nkuko byubahiriza:
1) Urebye ibibazo by’ibidukikije mu turere tumwe na tumwe tw’ikirere hamwe n’ibihe bikomeye by’ikirere bifite inshuro nyinshi, imiterere cyangwa guhitamo ibintu ntibitabwaho nabi;
1. Ibice by'ibice biterwa nuburyo bwa injeniyeri cyangwa ubwubatsi;
1. Ibibazo byubuziranenge bwibintu biterwa no kugura ibintu nabi kandi no gutunganya ubuziranenge;
3) Ibibazo byiza byazanywe nibice bishya nibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mubice bitaremezwa neza.
Muri rusange, kubijyanye nubwiza bwa tekiniki, hari ubusumbane 2 mubushakashatsi bwa tekinike yinganda zuba. Imwe ni uko ubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga bwubunyangamugayo busubira inyuma kubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga mukuzamura imikorere yibikoresho byihariye; ikindi nuko impamyabumenyi yo kwiga sisitemu ikoreshwa muburyo bugezweho ikurura ibikoresho. Iherezo. Byongeye kandi, hagomba kugirwa inama ko mu myaka 2 ishize, inzira yibanze cyane ku kugabanya amafaranga yatangijwe mbere, kandi nanone nta nyungu ihagije yatanzwe kugirango izamuka ryibikorwa byakurikiyeho ndetse no kubungabunga ibiciro cyangwa kugabanuka kurwego rwimikorere iterwa nubunyangamugayo budahagije.
Muri byo, hari ubwoko 19 bwibice bifite igihe cyo gukora kitarenze umwaka umwe, kandi na 'bisobanura indangagaciro yerekana imbaraga nziza ' ni 0,71; hari ubwoko 32 bwibigize hamwe nigihe cyo gukora cyimyaka igera kuri 3, kandi 'bisobanura indangagaciro yo kugabanuka kwinshi ' ni 0,71; Hariho ubwoko 12 bwamasomo ahagana mu mwaka wa 2010, kandi 'Ikigereranyo cyerekana igipimo ntarengwa cyo kugabanuka kwinshi ' ni 0,72, ibyo bikaba byerekana ko impuzandengo yo kugabanuka kwingufu zingirakamaro yibigize ari byiza cyane kuruta agaciro kijejwe. Bimwe mubintu byemewe kandi byaranzwe nibibazo byujuje ubuziranenge mugukoresha mumyaka yashize. Umuntu ntashobora gufasha, ariko, kubaza: Kuki ibintu byemewe muri IEC 61215 na IEC 61730 bigifite ibibazo? Irashobora gusobanuka gutya: hamwe no gusuzuma bisanzwe, byemewe gusa ko ikintu gifite imikorere yibanze ikenewe kubikorwa byigihe kirekire. Ntabwo bivuze ko ibice bishobora gukoreshwa imyaka 25.
Ibintu bigira ingaruka kubisubizo byubuzima bwibice Ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka mubuzima bwa serivisi bwibice kugeza kurwego rwo hejuru cyangwa rwo hasi, kimwe no gukenera kugenzura inzira zose nibigize byose. Birashobora gufatwa nkaho: ibice bifite indangagaciro isanzwe iri munsi ya 0.5 ihinduka kuri fad 1 mubishusho 6; ibintu bifite indangagaciro isanzwe ya 0.5 kugeza 1 ihuye nicyitegererezo 2; ibice bifite indangagaciro isanzwe ya 1 kugeza kuri 1.5 nibice bitameze neza, akenshi bikunda gushushanya 3; Ibintu bifite indangagaciro zisanzwe zirenga 1.5 bifite ibibazo bikomeye kandi akenshi bikunda kugaragara 4.
