Emyaka emeka ebitundu by’amaanyi ebipya ebya photovoltaic oba PV ebiyinza okukozesebwa, era modulo ey’ekiseera eri ludda wa?

Nga ebyuma ebikulu eby’okukola amasannyalaze g’ekitangaala, omutindo gwa modulo z’amasannyalaze g’ekitangaala oba PV gusikiriza nnyo essira, era oba bisobola okutuuka ku bulamu bw’obuweereza obuteeberezebwa kitera okubuusibwabuusibwa. Lwaki ebintu bingi eby’akatale ebitamatiza bulamu? Ensonga ki ddala eri ku bitundu bya 'eby'ekiseera'?

I. Okwekenenya n’Okusalawo Okutwalira awamu

Leero, bizinensi nnyingi ziwa ebika 2 eby’emisingo ku modulo za PV. Ekimu kya ggaranti ya ‘minimal item service’, era ggaranti esinga kuba ya myaka 10 oba 12. Omulimu gw’amasannyalaze ogukugirwa, ggaranti y’okuweereza amaanyi agasinga okuvaamu, etera okuba ggaranti ya myaka 25 obutereevu. Bizinensi ezimu ziwa ggaranti y’obuweereza ey’emyaka 30 ku bika bya modulo eby’enjawulo (nga modulo ez’endabirwamu bbiri) okutumbula okuvuganya kw’ebintu. Okulowooza nti modulo zikola ebitundu ebisinga obunene ku nsaasaanya y’enkola, obulamu bwa dizayini y’ekyuma kya nukiriya eky’ekitangaala kitera okuba emyaka gya ggaranti y’amasannyalaze ennungi ennyo ey’ebitundu.

Mu ngeri ey’obwenkanya, tekiyinza kukozesebwa mu by’ensimbi singa obulamu obusuubirwa obw’ekitundu buteekebwawo okuba emyaka 25 oba singa amaanyi agasinga obunene agavaamu ga modulo gakendeezebwa okutuuka ku bitundu 80% ku maanyi agasooka.

Mu kwanukula okweraliikirira kw’akatale, ekitongole kya Jianheng Qualification Facility kibadde kikola emirimu egisaanidde egy’okugezesa n’okusoma. Mu myaka egiyise, nga eyingiziddwa n’okukebera amasannyalaze amalala, Jianheng mu kumanya etuukirizza okwekenneenya n’okwekenneenya okugendereddwamu ng’ekozesa ebitundu eby’ebika eby’enjawulo n’ebitundu by’obutonde eby’enjawulo. Ekifaananyi 1 kiraga nti Jianheng yalonda ebika n’ebika by’ebitundu 21 eby’enjawulo mu buli kitundu ky’obutonde mu mabibiro g’amasannyalaze 20 agasangibwa mu nsi yange ezitali nnyonnyogovu, ezinyuma, ezitonnya, n’enkola endala ez’enjawulo ez’amasannyalaze g’ekitangaala, awamu n’okutwaliza awamu ebitundu 63 ebirina amaanyi agasinga okukendeera Level testing nga kwotadde n’okwekenneenya ebivaamu.

Ennyinyonnyola nga kwotadde n'Ennyonyola:

1) Okusinziira ku budde bw’okulondebwa, ebintu eby’ekyokulabirako byawulwamu ebibinja bisatu, nga birimu obudde bw’okutandika okukola mu mwaka 1, emyaka nga 3, era nga nabyo bikwata ku myaka 5.

2) Yingiza ebiraga byombi ebya 'Maximum Power Depletion Mean Index' awamu ne 'Maximum Power Attenuation Extreme Worth Index' okupima omutindo gw'okukendeeza ku maanyi agasinga obunene ag'ekitundu okusinziira ku muwendo ogukakasiddwa era n'okwawukana mu horizontal ne vertically. Mu byo, 'Maximum Power Depletion Mean Index' enyonyola ekitundu ky'omuwendo gw'amaanyi agasinga obunene ogw'okukendeeza ku masannyalaze ag'ekyuma ekimu n'okukola dizayini yokka 'ekibinja ky'ebitundu eby'ekyokulabirako' ku muwendo gw'okukendeeza amaanyi ogusinga obulungi ogukakasibwa (okubalirira obutereevu) okumala ebbanga erikwatagana; 'Optimum Power Attenuation Extreme Worth Index' Ennyonnyola omugerageranyo gw'omuwendo ogusinga obunene ogw'omuwendo ogusinga obunene ogw'okukendeeza amaanyi n'omuwendo ogukakasibwa ogw'omuwendo gw'okukendeera ogw'ekiseera ekyenkanankana mu ssundiro ly'amasannyalaze awamu n'ekyokulabirako ekimu 'ekibinja ky'ekyokulabirako eky'ebintu ebitwala sampuli.'

3) Bala omuwendo ogusinga obunene ogw’okukendeeza amaanyi g’ekitundu okusinziira ku maanyi ag’erinnya; mu kiseera ky’okukwata amawulire, obutali bukakafu bwa kipiimo ky’amaanyi agasinga obunene tebulowoozebwako.

4) Okukebera ebintu ebirina entunula eyeeyolese n’obulema obw’omutindo ogw’oku ntikko obw’omunda biggyibwawo mu kiseera ky’okukola ku mawulire.

5) Enjawulo wakati w’amaanyi agasooka okupimibwa n’ag’erinnya n’enkola y’obutategeerekeka bwa bipimo (dimension unpredictability) egobwa. Wadde nga kiva mu kwekenneenya, wakyaliwo enjawulo.

Omuwendo gwa wakati ogwa 'Optimum Power Attenuation Mean Index' ku bintu 63 ebyekebejjebwa okukkirizibwa guli 0.71. Mu byo, waliwo ebika bya elementi 19 ebirina obudde bw'okukola obutawera mwaka gumu, era 'mean index of optimal power attenuation' eri 0.71; waliwo ebika by'ebitundu 32 nga obudde bw'okukola bukwata ku myaka 3, era 'mean index of optimal power depletion' is 0.71; Waliwo ebika by'ebitundu 12 okwetoloola 2010, era 'Mean Index of Maximum Power Attenuation' eri 0.72, ekitegeeza nti omutindo gw'okukendeeza amaanyi ogwa bulijjo ogw'ebitundu gusinga nnyo omuwendo ogukakasibwa. Okutwala modulo ya polysilicon n'obudde bw'okudduka okutwala emyaka 5 ng'ekyokulabirako, omuwendo gwa yinsuwa ogw'amaanyi agasinga okukendeera mu modulo oluvannyuma lw'okuvuganya emyaka 5 tegusukka 5.3%, nga gubaliriddwa okusinziira ku muwendo gw'omusingo obutereevu ogutassukka 2.5% mu mwaka ogusooka era ogutasukka 0.7% mu buli mwaka oguddako., the 'Optimum Power Depletion Mean Index' ye 0.72. Omuwendo ogwa bulijjo ogw’okukendeeza amaanyi amangi ennyo ag’ekitundu guli 3.98%.

Okusinziira ku kibinja kino eky’amawulire, diguli y’okukendeeza amaanyi eya bulijjo eya modulo esinga wala omuwendo ogukakasibwa; okugatta ku ekyo, ku modulo ezirina ebiseera by'okudduka omwaka 1, emyaka 3, era n'emyaka 5, enjawulo mu 'maximum power depletion suggest index' ntono. Okuteebereza okugolokofu kuba kwokka okuva ku muwendo gw’okukendeera kw’amaanyi ogusinga obulungi. Going by the Degree of power attenuation, kiyinza okulowoozebwa nti ebitundu bingi bisobola okukozesebwa mu by’ensimbi okumala emyaka 25 oba okusingawo.

2. Ensonga ezikwata ku bulamu bw’obuweereza bw’ebitundu

Wadde nga tekiragirwa, kifuuse enkola y’ekitongole okwekenneenya n’okukkiriza ebitundu ebitundibwa ku ngulu eri IEC 61215 ne IEC 61730. Mu myaka egiyise, ebitundu ebimu ebikakasibwa nabyo bifunye obuzibu obw’omutindo ogwa waggulu mu kukozesa kwonna, era era omuntu tasobola kuyamba n’okutuusa kati okwebuuza: Lwaki ebintu ebiweereddwa layisinsi eri IEC 61215 ne IEC 61730 bikyalina obuzibu? Okuddamu okweraliikirira kuno okusooka kyetaagisa okutegeera obulungi emirimu gy’ebisaanyizo bya IEC 61215 ne IEC 61730.

Omulimu gw'obwetaavu bwa IEC 61215 gulambuluddwa mu 'Range as well as Objective' ya IEC 61215-1:2016 'Photovoltaic modules for ground usage - Ebisaanyizo bya dizayini n'okumaliriza - Ekitundu 1: Ebyetaago by'okukebera', okugoberera ensonga ezeetaagisa okumanyibwa:

1) The complying with summary is given in the typical 'Ekigendererwa ky'omuddiring'anwa guno ogw'okugezesa kwe kuteekawo ebizimbe by'amasannyalaze era n'eby'ebbugumu ebya modulo mu kimu ku bisinga okubeera eby'ebbeeyi era n'obudde obusoboka n'okulaga nti modulo erina obusobozi okukwata ebizibu by'embeera y'obudde eby'ebweru ebyogeddwako mu IEC 60721-2-1. Enkozesa ey'ekiseera ekiwanvu. Obulamu obwennyini obw'ebintu ebiyita mu kukebera kuno businziira ku nsengeka y’ebintu era n’embeera n’embeera mwe bikozesebwa of.' Kiyinza okumanyibwa kyokka nga: okuyita mu kugezesebwa okusookerwako, kikakasibwa kwokka nti elementi erina obulungi obusookerwako obwetaagisa okukola okumala ebbanga eddene. Tekiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kisobola okukozesebwa okumala emyaka 25.

2) Ebika by’obutonde obw’ebweru obw’awamu byokka n’obuzibu bwabyo obw’ebbugumu n’obunnyogovu bye biweebwa mu musingi, era ebikozesebwa mu byafaayo ebikozesebwa ng’omusingi gw’okukola dizayini y’ekitundu tebimala. Ku bizibu ebitongole, ebyetaago by'okukung'aanya ebya IEC ebiriwo kati bitwala enkola ya 'spot', kwe kugamba, okukola emitendera egy'enjawulo egy'okukebera ebyetaago oba ebizibu ebiriwo oba ebivaamu, nga IEC TS 62804-1 'Solar Module Potential-Induced Destruction Test Technique No. 1' Components: Crystalline Silicon, IEC 61701 Salt Spray Corrosion Test for Modules z’amasannyalaze g’ekitangaala, IEC 62716 Okugezesa obusagwa bwa Ammonia ku Module za Photovoltaic.

3) Kuno kwossa, mu IEC 61215 eya bulijjo okukyusibwa ennyo, okunywerera ku biragiro kuweebwa: 'Ebizibu by'okugezesa ebyeyongedde byesigamiziddwa ku nsengeka eziremye ddala ezitunuuliddwa. Enkyukakyuka za velocity ez'enjawulo zisobola okulondebwa okusinziira ku nteekateeka y'ekintu, era era n'ebyava mu kukebera tebirina kutwalibwa kuteebereza bulamu bwa bitundu, nga kwotadde n'okukendeera kwonna.' enkola, zisobola okukakasibwa.' Okusinziira ku ntaputa eriwo kati ey'omusingi, muzibe w’amaaso okutumbula ebizibu by’okugezesa ku bitundu n’ebikozesebwa byabwe. The stamina oba buildup, oba yinsuwa ey’ebweru egamba nti ebitundu ebiyita emirundi 3 IEC common test bisobola okukozesebwa okumala emyaka amakumi asatu, obutaba na musingi.

Okutwaliza awamu, omutindo gwa IEC oguliwo kati n’omutindo gw’eggwanga gwonna awamu nga tegutegekeddwa kimala. Ate era, wakyaliwo ebituli mu kutuukiriza ebisaanyizo by’omulembe gwa elementi, enkozesa, okufulumya awamu n’okukakasa omutindo ogw’oku ntikko.

1. Ensonga ezikwata ku bulamu bw’ebintu Ensonga ez’enjawulo zikwata ku bulamu bw’ebitundu ku ddaala erisinga oba eritono era zeetaaga okufugibwa enkola yonna n’ebitundu byonna. Okusinziira ku bivudde mu kwekenneenya, mu nkyukakyuka ez’enjawulo ezikwata ku bulamu bw’obuweereza bw’ebitundu, obuyiiya buba Diguli ekuze, okukakasa omutindo gw’enkola, n’okukyukakyuka mu butonde bye bintu ebikulu ebyetaaga okuddukanyizibwa.

1) Ennamba 3 eraga ebivudde mu kugezesebwa okw’enjawulo okw’eddaala erisinga obunene ery’okukendeeza ku masannyalaze mu mabibiro g’amasannyalaze 6 agasangibwa mu bitundu eby’enjawulo. Buli kyuma ky’amasannyalaze eronda ebitundu okuva mu mulimu gwe gumu, ebiteekebwa mu nkola mu kiseera kye kimu, awamu n’obulungi obw’enjawulo. Mu byo, ebitundu ebitegeezeddwa ne 'A' bye ngeri ez'obulungi obw'amaanyi mu bbanga lye limu, ate ebitundu ebitegeezeddwa ne 'B' bye bikola obulungi.

Mu ttiimu 6 ez'okugeraageranya, omuwendo ogwa bulijjo ogw'okukendeera kw'amaanyi okusingawo okw'ebitundu eby'ekika kya 'A' guli wansi okusinga ogw'ebitundu eby'ekika kya 'B'. Okusinziira ku bumanyirivu, ebitundu ebimu ebya 'B' bikyali tebikulaakulana era nga tebirina bukuumi mu kukola mu bungi. 

2) Ekifaananyi 4 kiraga nti okuva mu mabibiro g’amasannyalaze 15 agasangibwa mu bitundu bisatu eby’embeera y’obudde eby’ensi yange, gamba nga ebbugumu eritali ly’obunnyogovu, ery’ebbugumu erinyuma, n’omutindo gw’ebbugumu ery’ennyogovu, ebika by’ebitundu 15 byalondebwa mu buli kitundu ky’obudde, era era ebintu ebitakka wansi wa 5 ebya buli kitundu byalondebwa awatali bintu bya bbula lya maanyi, era n’ebyava mu kwekenneenya okw’enjawulo era n’okwekenneenya omutindo gw’okukendeera kw’amasannyalaze ogusinga obunene.

Okugerageranya, kiyinza okulabibwa nti okukendeera kw’amaanyi okusinga obulungi okwa modulo ezikozesebwa mu bitundu by’obudde ebinyuma n’eby’obunnyogovu si kwa njawulo nnyo; ebitundu ebikozesebwa mu kitundu ky’ebbugumu ery’ennyogoga byawukana nnyo ku muwendo ogwa bulijjo awamu n’omuwendo gw’omuwendo ogusukkiridde. Esinga wala ebika 2 ebisooka ennyo ebya ecological zones. Kino kiraga nti ku bizibu ebimu eby’obutonde, ensengeka ezigendereddwamu zeetaagibwa okulongoosa obwesigwa bw’ebintu.

3) Ennamba 5 eraga ebivudde mu kwekenneenya okugeraageranya n’okwekenneenya omutendera gw’okukendeeza amaanyi ogusinga obulungi nga tulonda ebitundu 7 ebitaliiko bbula eryeyoleka okuva mu modulo 2 eziweebwa abakola amasannyalaze ab’enjawulo abakozesebwa mu kyuma ky’amasannyalaze kye kimu. 'attenuation index' mu namba kitegeeza ekitundu kya modulo ekisalawo omutindo gw'okukendeeza amaanyi ogusinga obunene ku muwendo ogukakasibwa ogw'ekiseera kye kimu.

Bw’ogeraageranya, kiyinza okulabibwa nti ekigero, awamu n’obumu bw’okukendeeza amaanyi agasinga obulungi ag’ebitundu by’omukozi B, kisinga nnyo nnyo okusinga obw’ebitundu by’omukozi A, ekiraga nti omukozi A alina obuzibu mu nkola okukakasa omutindo era n’obumu bw’omutindo gw’ebintu ogw’oku ntikko bubi.

Kisaana okulagibwa nti mu bitundu ebigezeseddwa, ebitundu ebitondeddwawo kkampuni y’ebweru ebikozesebwa mu kyuma ky’amasannyalaze kumpi tebirina kukendeera oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 3 nga bikozesebwa, era enjawulo mu nkola wakati w’ebintu eby’ekyokulabirako ntono nnyo, eraga nti omutindo gwa waggulu ogw’obutuukirivu.

2. Ebizibu ebirabika mu nkozesa entuufu ey’ebitundu

Okusinziira ku kwekenneenya data y’okukebera eriwo, ebitundu mu kiseera kyonna eky’okukola bisobola okugabanyizibwamu ddala mu misono 4 mu bikwata ku kukendeera kw’amaanyi okusinga obulungi okusinga embeera. Kiyinza okulowoozebwako nga: ebitundu ebirina omuwendo gwa wakati ogutakka wansi wa 0.5 bimatiza enkola 1 mu Nnamba 6; ebitundu ebirina omuwendo ogwa bulijjo ogwa 0.5 ku 1 bigoberera omuze 2; ebitundu ebirina omuwendo ogwa bulijjo ogwa 1 okutuuka ku 1.5 bitundu ebirwadde, ebitera okukola enkola 3; Ebitundu ebirina omuwendo gwa bulijjo ogusukka 1.5 birina ebizibu eby’amaanyi era bitera okugenda mu maaso nnya. 

Mu kwekenneenya okusooka okwa modulo ezitera okugenda mu maaso 3 nga kwotadde ne 4, ensonga z’okuvunda amangu kw’amaanyi agasinga obulungi aga modulo okusinga nga bwe zigoberera:

1) Okusinziira ku bizibu by’obutonde mu bitundu ebimu eby’obudde n’ebintu eby’amaanyi eby’obudde ebitera okubaawo, ensengeka oba okulonda kw’ebintu kutunuulirwa mu ngeri etasaana;

1. Ebizibu by’ekitundu ebiva ku sitayiro ya yinginiya oba okuzimba;

1. Ebizibu by’omutindo gw’ebitundu biva ku kugula obubi ebitundu era n’okulondoola omutindo gw’enkola;

3) Ebizibu by’omutindo ebireetebwa ebitundu ebimu ebipya n’ebintu ebikozesebwa mu bitundutundu ebitannaba kukakasibwa mu bujjuvu.

3, Ensala

Okutwaliza awamu, ku bikwata ku mutindo gw’eby’ekikugu, waliwo obutafaanagana 2 mu kunoonyereza okw’ekikugu okw’amakolero g’enjuba. Ekimu kiri nti okunoonyereza ku tekinologiya ku bugolokofu kuwaniridde ku kunoonyereza kwa tekinologiya ku kwongera ku mutindo gw’ebyuma ebitongole; ekirala kiri nti diguli y’okusoma ey’okukozesa enkola tekinologiya ow’omulembe esika eyo ey’ebyuma. Enkomerero. Okugatta ku ekyo, kiteekwa okutegeezebwa nti mu myaka 2 egiyise, essira erisukkiridde libadde liteekeddwa ku kukendeeza ku nsaasaanya y’okuteekawo okusooka, era n’amagoba tegamala gasasulwa ku kulinnya kw’emirimu egy’oluvannyuma era n’emiwendo gy’okuddaabiriza oba okukendeera kw’emitendera gy’omutindo oguvudde ku butali bwesimbu bumala.

Mu byo, waliwo ebika by'ebitundu 19 ebirina obudde bw'okukola obutasukka nnyo mwaka gumu, era era 'mean index of optimal power attenuation' eri 0.71; waliwo ebika by'ebitundu 32 nga obudde bw'okukola bwa myaka nga 3, era 'omuwendo gwa wakati ogw'okukendeera kw'amaanyi okusingawo' guli 0.71; Waliwo ebika bya modulo 12 okwetoloola 2010, era 'Mean Index of Maximum Power Depletion' eri 0.72, ekiraga nti omutindo gw'okukendeera kw'amaanyi ogwa wakati ogw'ebitundu gusinga nnyo nnyo okusinga omuwendo ogukakasibwa. Ebintu ebimu ebikkirizibwa nabyo bifunye ebizibu by’omutindo ogw’oku ntikko mu kukozesa kwonna mu myaka egiyise. Omuntu tayinza kuyamba, wabula, okwebuuza: Lwaki elementi ezikkirizibwa mu IEC 61215 ne IEC 61730 zikyalina obuzibu? Kiyinza okutegeerwa bwe kiti: n’okukebera okw’omutindo, kikakasibwa kwokka nti ekintu kirina omulimu omukulu ogwetaagisa okukola okumala ebbanga eddene. Tekitegeeza nti ekitundu ekyo kisobola okukozesebwa okumala emyaka 25.

Ensonga ezikwata ku bulamu bw’okugonjoola kw’ebitundu Ensonga ez’enjawulo zikwata ku bulamu bw’obuweereza bw’ebitundu okutuuka ku ddaala erya waggulu oba erya wansi, awamu n’okwetaaga okufuga enkola yonna n’ebitundu byonna. Kiyinza okulowoozebwako mu bufunze nti: ebitundu ebirina omuwendo ogwa bulijjo ogutono ennyo okusinga 0.5 bitereeza ku mulembe 1 mu kifaananyi 6; elementi ezirina omuwendo ogwa bulijjo ogwa 0.5 ku 1 zikwatagana n’enkola 2; ebitundu ebirina omuwendo ogwa bulijjo okuva ku 1 okutuuka ku 1.5 bitundu ebitali biramu, ebiseera ebisinga bitera okubeera ku mutindo gwa 3; Ebintu ebirina omuwendo ogwa bulijjo ogusukka 1.5 birina ensonga ez’amaanyi era nabyo bitera okugenda mu maaso 4.