Views: 0 Omuwandiisi: Site Editor Obudde bw'okufulumya: 2022-10-26 Ensibuko: Ekibanja
Okusinziira ku ndowooza eriwo, waliwo enkola bbiri eza bulijjo ez’amasannyalaze g’ekitangaala, enkola eziyungibwa ku mudumu n’enkola ezitali za mudumu. Enkola eyungiddwa ku mudumu esinziira ku mudumu gw'amasannyalaze, era yeettanira ensengeka y'emirimu eya 'okwekozesa, amasannyalaze agasukkiridde ku mudumu' oba 'full on-grid'. Enkola etali ya mudumu tesinziira ku mudumu gw'amasannyalaze, nga kwotadde n'okubala ku ngeri y'okukola eya 'okutereka nga kwotadde n'okukozesa' oba 'ekifo ekisooka eky'okutereka n'oluvannyuma okukozesa'. Ku maka agali mu bitundu ebitaliiko mudumu oba amasannyalaze agavaako buli kiseera, enkola ezitali ku mudumu zirina enkola ennywevu.
Okusinziira ku kuba nti off-grid bwetaavu obutakyukakyuka, enyingiza eri waggulu nnyo. Nga omuteeka ayungiddwa ku giridi, bw’oba oyagala okukola omulimu ogutali ku mudumu, olina okukyusa ekitundu ky’ensonga zo. Singa ogenda mu maaso n’okukozesa enkola ey’okuyungibwa ku mudumu okukola off-grid, oyinza obutaba na busobozi kukola biweebwayo oba okutuukiriza ebyetaago bya bakasitoma.
Bwe tuteeka ssente enkalu mu bintu, ebikozesebwa, akatale wamu ne pulojekiti endala ez’enjawulo, twetaaga okuzuula ssente mmeka ddala ze tusobola okufuna buli mwaka era n’emyaka gye tusobola okusasula kapito waffe. Waliwo obuyambi bwa gavumenti mu kukola amasannyalaze agayungibwa ku mudumu. Okuzimba essundiro ly’amasannyalaze muze gwa nsimbi, era bakasitoma be basinga kweraliikirira amagoba agava mu nsimbi ze bataddemu. Naye bwe tunaagula essimu, enkola ya kompyuta, engoye awamu n’ebyetaago ebirala mu bulamu, mazima ddala tetujja kubala myaka gye tusobola okuddamu okufuna eby’obugagga ebyo. The very same holds true for off-grid systems Okujjako ebifo ebitonotono emiwendo gy’amasannyalaze gye gibeera egy’ebbeeyi mu ngeri ey’enjawulo ate nga nayo gigagga nnyo, ebisinga obungi ku byo biri Okutuukiriza amasannyalaze g’abantu ssekinnoomu ag’obulamu agasookerwako ge geetaaga, singa kasitoma y’omu yennyini atali ku mudumu abala amagoba g’ensimbi ze yateekamu, ayinza obutaba na busobozi kusasula mu myaka 10 oba mpozzi 15, awamu ne bakasitoma bayinza okusazaamu ekirowoozo ky’okussaako amasannyalaze agatali ga mudumu. Ensonga lwaki enkola ezitali ku mudumu teziyinza kutwalibwa ng’enkola eziyungiddwa ku mudumu mu by’enfuna eri nti enkola ezitali ku mudumu za bbeeyi nnyo okusinga enkola eziyungiddwa ku mudumu.
Enkola ya off-grid erimu ebika bya photovoltaic, solar controllers, inverters, battery packs, loads, etc. Bw’ogeraageranya n’enkola eyungiddwa ku grid, waliwo bbaatule nnyingi nnyo, ezikwata ebitundu 30-40% ku bbeeyi y’enkola y’okukola amasannyalaze, nga kumpi y’emu ne elements. Ekirala, obulamu bwa bbaatule eno si buwanvu. Battery ya lead-acid mu budde obutuufu eba ya myaka 3-5, ate battery ya lithium okutwalira awamu eba ya myaka 8-10, nga kwotadde n’okukyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’ekyo.
Ku inverters ezirina amaanyi ge gamu ddala, bbeeyi ya off-grid eri emirundi 1.5 ku 3 ku inverters eziyungiddwa ku grid. Inverters ezitali za grid zizibu nnyo okusinga inverters eziyungiddwa ku grid. Grid inverters mu budde obutuufu zirina enkola ey’emitendera ena, nga mulimu controller, boost, inverter, era n’okwekutula, awamu n’omuwendo gulina akakwate n’emirundi ebiri egya inverters eziyungiddwa ku grid.
Ku maanyi ge gamu, obusobozi bw’okutikka okusukkiridde obwa inverter etali ku mudumu busukka ebitundu 30% okusinga obwa inverter eyungiddwa ku mudumu. Omutendera gw’omu maaso ogwa inverter eyungiddwa ku giridi guyungibwa ku elementi, era n’ekivaamu kiyungibwa ku giridi. Mu budde obwabulijjo, obusobozi bw’okutikka okusukkiridde tekyetaagisa, okuva bwe kiri nti waliwo ebitundu ebitono ebirina amaanyi g’ebivaamu. Singa ebiva mu inverter etali ku mudumu biba waggulu okusinga amaanyi agateekeddwa mu nsengeka, ekiva mu inverter etali ku mudumu kiyungibwa ku ttani, era ttani eziwerako ziba migugu gya inductive. Amaanyi agatandika gakubisaamu emirundi 3-5 ku maanyi agagereddwa, kale obusobozi bw’okutikka okusukkiridde obwa inverter etali ya mudumu kabonero kazibu. Amaanyi g’ekyuma kino gajja kulinnya, ekiraga nti ssente zijja kuba nnyingi.
Ebiva mu inverters ezitali za grid bitono. Mu kiseera kino, omugabo gw’akatale akayungiddwa ku mudumu gw’amasannyalaze (photovoltaic grid-connected market share) gulina akakwate ku bitundu 98%, ate akatale akatali ku mudumu gulina akakwate ku bitundu 2%. Omuwendo gw’okutuusa gukendedde nnyo, teguyinza kukolebwa mu ngeri ya otomatiki, era n’ebintu ebibisi ate era n’ebisale by’okufulumya biba bingi nnyo.
Mu nkola y’enjuba etali ya mudumu, bbaatule etereka amasannyalaze ekola ekitundu kinene, era era n’ensaasaanya efaananako n’eya modulo y’enjuba, naye ate obulamu bwayo bumpi nnyo okusinga obw’ekitundu ky’enjuba. Amasannyalaze. Enkola ezitali ku mudumu zirina okubeera ne bbaatule ezitereka amasannyalaze, lwaki?
Mu kusooka, obudde bw’okukola amasannyalaze g’ekitangaala (photovoltaic power generation) era n’obudde bw’okukozesa amaanyi ga ttani tebulina kukwatagana. Mu nkola ya photovoltaic oba pv off-grid, input ye elementi, ekozesebwa okukola amasannyalaze, era ekivaamu kiyungibwa ku ttani. Photovoltaic ekola amasannyalaze emisana, era ekola amaanyi g’amasannyalaze nga waliwo omusana gwokka. Okutwalira awamu, amasannyalaze ge gasinga obunene ku ssaawa 12 ez’emisana. Wadde kiri kityo, ku ssaawa kkumi n’ebbiri ez’emisana, obwetaavu bw’obuyinza si bungi. Ennyumba nnyingi zikozesa ekyuma ky’amasannyalaze ekitali ku mudumu okukozesa amasannyalaze ekiro. Amasannyalaze agakolebwa emisana okola ki? Mu kusooka, ekyuma ekitereka amaanyi kye bbaatule etereka amaanyi. Linda enkozesa y’amasannyalaze esinga obulungi, gamba ng’essaawa 7 oba munaana ekiro, era oluvannyuma lw’ekyo otongoze amasannyalaze.
Ekyokubiri, okukola amasannyalaze g’enjuba ate era n’amasannyalaze ga ttani tekitegeeza nti kye kimu nnyo. Okukola amasannyalaze aga photovoltaic oba pv kukwatibwako emisinde, egitalina bukuumi nnyo, era ttani tezinywevu, gamba nga ebyuma ebifuuwa empewo ne firiigi. Ttani mazima ddala zijja kusitula enkola eno obutabeera nnywevu, era mazima ddala vvulovumenti ejja kulinnya n’okugwa. Battery etereka amaanyi kye kyuma ekitebenkeza amaanyi. Amaanyi g’ekitangaala bwe gaba waggulu w’amaanyi ga looti, ekifuga asindika amaanyi agasukkiridde mu bbaatule okusobola okutereka. Amaanyi ga photovoltaic bwe gatasobola kutuukiriza byetaago bya looti, controller esindika amaanyi ga bbaatule mu looti.
Ng’oggyeeko ensonga 3 waggulu, ensengeka y’enkola etali ya mudumu ya njawulo ku y’enkola eyungibwa ku mudumu. Ebitundu, inverter, wamu ne bbaatule ezitereka amasannyalaze zirina okulongoosebwa okusinziira ku byetaago bya bakasitoma. Nga tukyusa ensonga zino, enkola ya off-grid esobola okukolebwa obulungi.
