Ua hoʻomaka ka mākeke o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu i kahi wā haunaele o ka hoʻoheheʻe wai a me ka wahi e mālama ai i ka ikehu hou. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēlā.

' ʻO nā hale mana hoʻoheheʻe wai ka mea hoʻohui maikaʻi loa i ka mana o ka lā a me ka makani.' ʻO Stephen Lewis, ka pelekikena a me ka Luna Nui o kahi hui honua kaulana i Kelemānia, i ʻōlelo ma ka 2022 Globe Clean Power Devices Seminar.

ʻO ka lumi hoʻopaʻa mana ʻo Long Jiewen kekahi o nā mea hou oʻo loa, ʻo ke ʻano hoʻokele waiwai maikaʻi loa, a ʻo kekahi o nā kūlana holomua nui loa i ke ala o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu wela o kēia manawa. Wahi a ka ʻike a Zhongguancun Energy Storage Market Innovation Partnership, i ka makahiki 2021, i waena o nā papahana mālama mana honua ma ka honua, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho kumulative o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wahi mālama ikehu he 86.2%.

ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka hiki ke mālama ʻia ka mea maʻamau i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka mākeke wahi mālama mana a me ka hapa nui o ka mākeke wahi mālama ikehu, ma ka māhele ʻāpana o ka wahi e mālama ai i ka ikehu, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu electrochemical ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa o ka mālama ʻana i ka mana ma ka mākeke. I kēia manawa, ke hōʻike ʻia nei kahi ʻano wahi mālama ikehu hou i hōʻike ʻia e ka wahi mālama mana electrochemical i kahi pōʻai hou o ka boom hoʻopukapuka. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻoihana pākaukau mana kekahi o nā mea pāʻani mua. I ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o ka pahū ʻana a me ka wahi mālama ikehu hou, e lilo ke kumukūʻai i mea koʻikoʻi.

Ke kū nei ka mākeke wahi mālama mana i ka lewa.

I kēia kauwela, ua lilo ʻo 'wela' i kekahi o nā huaʻōlelo, a he mea maʻamau nō hoʻi ke degere o ka wela. Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana ʻākau o kēia makahiki i ka manawa like i ka manawa like. E ʻike paha ʻo ʻEulopa i kahi maloʻo weliweli i nā makahiki 500; ʻO ka waiwai piha o ka mahana ma nā wahi he nui o koʻu lāhui ua ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa, ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi loa o ka lōʻihi, a me ka ʻinikua nui loa o 40 ° C.

Wahi a ka loiloi hou loa o nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomehana honua i nā makahiki he 50 i hala i ka makahiki 2000 i hala. Ke piʻi nui nei ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kaiapuni honua, a ua wikiwiki ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mana, a ke hoʻomaka nei e loaʻa ka pahuhopu 'dual carbon'.

' I ka loa'a 'ana o ka ' lua kalapona 'kumu, 'o ka mana ho'omau 'ia e ka photovoltaic a i 'ole PV a 'o ka makani makani ka 'omi nui. Manaʻo ʻia e hōʻemi ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka 'ʻumikūmāhā 5 -5' i ka 0.25 yuan/kWh, haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka nui o ka mana lanahu ... E ʻike nui ʻia nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hana mana photovoltaic.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hāʻawi paʻa ʻole o ka ikehu ka pilikia lōʻihi e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mana photovoltaic a me ka makani. I ke ahiahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā photovoltaics, a i ka wā e hiki mai ai nā ʻino makani ʻole a i ʻole ka makani, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana ka makani. Hiki i ka intermittent a me ka volatility o nā kumuwaiwai hou e like me ka lā a me ka makani makani hiki ke hana i ka lako like ʻole a me ka pono, hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka pau ʻole o ka mana hana mana, a me ka unsteady power supply frequency of power grids, a me ka hopena i ka maikaʻi o ka lako mana.

Ma lalo o ka pahuhopu 'twin carbon', pono e hoʻololi ka ʻōnaehana mana o Kina i nā ʻōnaehana mana hou me ka mana hou e like me ke kino nui. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ke kī i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia mau pilikia. 'Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻemi ʻana o nā lilo, ʻo ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka wahi mālama ikehu e hāʻawi i nā hōʻoia paʻa no nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ikehu hou.' Manaʻo ʻo Liu Hanyuan.

Manaʻo pinepine ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka mana ʻo ka mākeke trillion e hiki mai ana, me nā hiki ke ulu nui.

He ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ia me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka mana me kahi wahi mālama mana hou?

I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ala hou o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu i 2 mau ʻano: mālama mana kino a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu kemika. Hōʻike ʻia ka mea mua e ka pumping, compressed air storage space, and flywheel power storage; ʻO ka mea hope loa i kū i nā ʻeke lithium-ion, nā ʻāpana sodium-ion, nā ʻāpana lead-acid, nā ʻāpana kahe wai, etc.

Hōʻike ʻia ka 'Directory of Global Clean Power as well as Equipment Industry Development (2021)' mai 2010 a 2021, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka mana o nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopaʻa ikehu honua e 41.08% a i 191.28 GW, a me ka hiki ke mālama i ka mana o ka honua i hoʻonui ʻia e 47.59% a i GWh72. ʻO ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i kahi waihona ʻo ia ka mea hou i ulu nui ʻia, kekahi o nā mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia, a ʻo ka hapa kiʻekiʻe loa.

' ʻO ka hoʻohūhū ʻana i ka wai ʻo ia ka ʻenehana ʻoi loa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokele waiwai, a me kekahi o nā pilikia hoʻomohala nui loa. ʻO ke kumukūʻai mālama ikehu he 0.21 a i ka 0.25 yuan/kWh, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā lilo ʻenehana. ' Manaʻo ʻo Liu Hanyuan.

Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka mana o ka wai, ʻo ka hopohopo nui loa e pili ana i ka wahi mālama mana hou ma ka mākeke ʻo ia kekahi o nā hopohopo nui loa. ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka mana e pili ana i ke ʻano hou o ka ʻenehana hoʻopaʻa ikehu uila ma waho o ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka pauma, e like me ka wahi e mālama ai i ka mana electrochemical, ka mālama ʻana i ka ea compressed, a me ka lumi hoʻopaʻa ikehu lele. I loko o ke ʻano hou o ka wahi e mālama ai i ka ikehu, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou he waihona ikehu electrochemical (nā ʻeke lithium-ion, nā ʻeke sodium-ion, nā pākaʻi lead-acid, nā ʻōhua kahawai wai), ʻo ia hoʻi ka wahi e mālama ai i ka ikehu pākahiko lithium-ion.

Paipai mua ʻo Advancement i nā hōʻike ʻenehana a me nā hoʻāʻo mua a paipai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu hou, ka ʻenehana, a me ka mākeke. Ma ka hopena o 2025, hiki i ka 30 miliona kilowatts ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka mālama mana hou i ka ʻōnaehana mana.

Ma lalo o ka boom wahi hoʻopaʻa mana hou, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻouna ʻana o nā pihi mana mālama. Wahi a ka ʻike GGII, ʻo ka hoʻouna ʻana o ka pākaukau mālama mana noho ma 2021 he 48GWh, he piʻi makahiki o ka makahiki he 2.6 mau manawa.

E noʻonoʻo nui ʻia ke kumukūʻai inā ʻo ia ka paila ʻana i kahi waiho wai a i ʻole kahi mālama mana hou. Wahi a Liu Hanyuan i manaʻo ai, manaʻo ʻia nā kumukūʻai mālama mana ʻē aʻe, e like me ka electrochemistry, e hoʻemi i ka 0.2 a i ka 0.3 yuan/kWh i loko o ka manawa '14th Five-Year Plan'. Inā hiki ke hoʻemi maikaʻi ʻia ke kumukūʻai o ka pākaukau mālama ikehu, e kokoke ana kēia i ke kumu kūʻai o ka paila.

Ma kēia pōʻaiapili, ua hoʻonohonoho pū ʻia nā pākaukau mālama mana noho. Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai China Power Storage Space Network, 12 mau hui i hōʻike i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā hana wahi mālama mana i ka hapaha mua o 2022, me ka hoʻopukapuka kālā holoʻokoʻa o 100 biliona yuan. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻopukapuka kālā o ka hui ʻo Baofeng. Ma Malaki o kēia makahiki, ua hoʻomaka mua ʻia ʻo Baofeng Group 200GWH lithium-ion ikehu hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka pāhana kaulahao kalepa piha ma Yinchuan. ʻO ka huina kālā kālā o ka papahana he 69.2 biliona yuan. Ua hoʻohana ʻo China Innovation Airlines i 20 biliona ma Jiangmen, Guangdong.

ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka nui o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu ma ka mākeke mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hapa nui o ka mākeke wahi mālama ikehu; ma ke ala haʻihaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka mana, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka mana electrochemical ka ʻenehana mālama ikehu kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO ka hoʻomau hou ʻana, a me ka volatility o ka mana hou e like me ka photovoltaic a i ʻole PV a me ka makani makani hiki ke hana i ka hoʻolako ʻole like ʻole a me ke koi, hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka pau ʻole o ka mana hana mana, a me ka unsteady power supply regularity o ka mana grids, a pili pū i ka maikaʻi o ka mana.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka mana o ka paila ʻana i ka wahi mālama wai, ʻo ka hopohopo nui loa e pili ana i ka wahi mālama ikehu hou i ka mākeke i kēia manawa ka hopohopo nui loa e pili ana i ka mākeke. ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ke ʻano hou o ka wahi mālama mana e pili ana i ke ʻano hou o ka ʻenehana hoʻopaʻa mana uila ma waho o ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa pahū, me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu electrochemical, ke ea i kaomi ʻia, a me ka lumi hoʻopaʻa ikehu lele. I loko o ke ʻano hou o ka mālama ʻana i ka mana, he nui ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu electrochemical (nā ʻokoʻa lithium-ion, nā pākaʻi sodium-ion, nā pākaʻi lead-acid, nā ʻona kahawai wai), kahi wahi e mālama ai i ka mana o ka pā uila lithium-ion.