Akatale k’ebifo eby’okutereka amaanyi kaleetawo ekiseera eky’akajagalalo eky’okupampagira amazzi n’ekifo ekipya eky’okutereka amaanyi. Ekyo kya muganyulo nnyo n’okusingawo.

' Amabibiro g'amasannyalaze agapampagira amazzi ge gasinga okukola obulungi mu kwongera ku masannyalaze g'enjuba n'empewo.' Gye buvuddeko, Stephen Lewis, pulezidenti era akulira kkampuni y'ensi yonna emanyiddwa ennyo mu Girimaani bwe yategeezezza mu musomo gwa Globe Clean Power Devices Seminar ogwa 2022.

Ekifo ekitereka amaanyi g’okupampagira mu Long Jiewen kye kimu ku biyiiya ebisinga okukula, embeera y’ebyenfuna esinga obulungi, era y’emu ku mbeera z’enkulaakulana ezisinga obunene mu luguudo lw’okutereka amaanyi agookya oluliwo kati. Okusinziira ku mawulire ga Zhongguancun Energy Storage Market Innovation Partnership, okutuuka mu 2021, mu pulojekiti z’ensi yonna ez’okutereka amasannyalaze ku nsi, omugerageranyo gw’okuteekawo okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’ekifo ekitereka amaanyi mu kupampagira gwakola ebitundu 86.2%.

Newankubadde nga obusobozi bw’okutereka amaanyi mu kupampagira bwe businga okukozesebwa mu katale k’ekifo awaterekerwa amaanyi era ekitundu ekisinga obunene ku katale k’ekifo awaterekerwa amaanyi, mu mutendera ogw’okutereka amaanyi mu bitundutundu, okutereka amaanyi mu by’amasannyalaze bwe buyiiya obusinga obunene obusoboka mu kutereka amaanyi mu katale. Mu kiseera kino, ekika ekipya eky’ekifo eky’okutereka amaanyi ekikiikirirwa ekifo eky’okutereka amaanyi ag’amasannyalaze kiraga olugendo olupya ennyo olw’okukulaakulana kw’okusiga ensimbi. Ate era kkampuni ezikola bbaatule z’amasannyalaze ze zimu ku zisinga okuzannya. Mu kuvuganya wakati w’okupampagira n’ekifo ekipya eky’okutereka amaanyi, bbeeyi ejja kuba nkyukakyuka nkulu.

Akatale k’ekifo awaterekerwa amasannyalaze kayimiridde mu bbanga.

Mu kyeya kino, 'ebbugumu' kifuuse ekimu ku bigambo ebikulu, era diguli y'ebbugumu nayo si ya bulijjo mu ngeri etategeerekeka. Mu nsi yonna, ekitundu ky’ensi eky’obukiikakkono eky’omwaka guno kizze kirabika mu kiseera kye kimu mu kiseera kye kimu kyonna. Bulaaya eyinza okufuna ekyeya eky’entiisa mu myaka 500; omuwendo omutuufu ogw’ebbugumu mu bifo bingi mu ggwanga lyange gusukkulumye ku mugongo ogusinga obunene, ebyafaayo ebisinga obuwanvu eby’obudde, n’okubikka yinsuwa esinga obunene eya 40 ° C.

Okusinziira ku kwekenneenya okusembyeyo okwakolebwa ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte, okubumbulukuka kw'ensi mu myaka 50 egiyise kubadde ku sipiidi ya njawulo mu mwaka gwa 2000. Ebifulumizibwa mu kaboni bitwalibwa nga 'omukozi w'ekikyamu' w'amayengo gano agatali ga bulijjo ag'ebbugumu mu nsi yonna. Embeera y'ensi yonna ey'okukyusa obutonde bw'ensi yeeyongera okusukkiridde, era enkyukakyuka mu masannyalaze eyanguyibwa, era egenda okutuuka ku kiruubirirwa kya 'kaboni ow'emirundi ebiri'.

' Mu kutuuka ku' dual carbon 'target, amaanyi agawangaala gayimirirawo nga photovoltaic oba PV era amaanyi g'empewo ge puleesa enkulu. Kisuubirwa nti obudde 'Fourteen 5 -5' mazima ddala bujja kukendeezebwa okutuuka ku 0.25 yuan/ kWh, wansi okusinga amaanyi mangi ag'amanda ... Ebirungi by'okukola amasannyalaze ag'ekitangaala mazima ddala bijja kweyoleka nnyo.

Wadde kiri kityo, okugabibwa kw’amasoboza okutali kunywevu bwe buzibu obw’ekiseera ekiwanvu obukola ku kukola amaanyi g’ekitangaala n’empewo. Akawungeezi, photovoltaics teziyinza kuweebwa, nga kwotadde n’enkuba ezitaliimu mpewo oba ez’omu bitundu eby’obutiti bwe zibaawo, amaanyi g’empewo tegasobola kukola. Okutambula n’okukyukakyuka kw’eby’obugagga ebizzibwawo ng’amasannyalaze g’enjuba n’empewo kuyinza okuleetawo obwetaavu n’obwetaavu obutakwatagana, ekiyinza okuleeta okwonooneka kw’amasoboza agakola amasannyalaze, awamu n’emirundi gy’amasannyalaze egitanywevu egy’emikutu gy’amasannyalaze, n’okukosa omutindo gw’amasannyalaze ogw’oku ntikko.

Wansi w'ekigendererwa kya 'twin carbon', enkola y'amasannyalaze ya China erina okukyusa enkola z'amasannyalaze empya ng'amaanyi amapya ddala ge gasinga. Okutereka amaanyi kye kisumuluzo ky’okugonjoola ebizibu bino. 'Nga ensaasaanya yeeyongera okukendeera, okukozesa ekifo ekitereka amaanyi mu bbanga eddene kijja kuwa obukakafu obunywevu ku nkyukakyuka z'amasoboza agazzibwawo.' Liu Hanyuan bw'alowooza.

Okutereka amasannyalaze nakyo kitera okutwalibwa ng’akatale akaddako aka buwumbi akayinza okusimbula, nga kalina enkulaakulana ennene.

Ekyo kya mugaso nnyo n’okupampagira okutereka n’ekifo ekipya ennyo eky’okutereka amasannyalaze?

Mu kiseera kino, amakubo g’obuyiiya mu kutereka amaanyi okusinga gaawuddwamu ebika 2: okutereka amaanyi ag’omubiri n’okutereka amaanyi ag’eddagala. Eky’olubereberye kikiikirira okupampagira, ekifo we batereka empewo enyigirizibwa, n’okutereka amaanyi ga flywheel; ekisembayo kiyimirirwa ku bbaatule za lithium-ion, bbaatule za sodium-ion, bbaatule za lead-acid, bbaatule ezitambuza amazzi n’ebirala.

'Directory of Global Clean Power as well as Equipment Industry Development (2021 )' eraga nti okuva mu 2010 okutuuka mu 2021, amaanyi agateekeddwa ku nkola z'ensi yonna ez'okutereka amaanyi mu bwengula geeyongera ebitundu 41.08% okutuuka ku 191.28 GW, awamu n'obusobozi bw'okutereka amasannyalaze mu nsi yonna obwalinnya ebitundu 47.59% okutuuka ku 672.2 GWh. Ekifo eky’okuterekamu ppampu kye kiyiiya ekisinga okukula mu bujjuvu, kye kimu ku bisinga okukozesebwa, era nga kye kigerageranyo ekisinga obunene.

' Ekifo ekitereka amazzi mu kupampagira ye tekinologiya asinga okukula, ebyenfuna ebisinga obulungi, era kye kimu ku bizibu ebinene eby'enkulaakulana. Omuwendo gw'okutereka amasannyalaze guli 0.21 ku 0.25 yuan/kWh, nga kino kya bbeeyi okusinga ssente endala ez'ekikugu.' Liu Hanyuan bw'akkiriza.

Wabula bw’ogeraageranya n’enkola eya bulijjo ey’okutereka amasannyalaze ey’okupampagira okutereka amazzi, ekisinga okweraliikirira ku bikwata ku kifo ekipya ennyo eky’okutereka amasannyalaze ku katale mu kiseera kino kye kimu ku bisinga okweraliikiriza. Ekika ekipya ennyo eky’okutereka amaanyi mu budde obutuufu kitegeeza ekika ekipya ennyo eky’ekifo eky’okutereka amaanyi g’amasannyalaze ekya tekinologiya ow’ebweru w’obusobozi bw’ekifo eky’okutereka amaanyi mu kupampagira, omuli ekifo eky’okutereka amaanyi ag’amasannyalaze, okutereka empewo enyigirizibwa, n’ekifo eky’okutereka amaanyi ga flywheel. Mu kifo ekitereka amaanyi eky’ekika ekipya, ebisinga obungi ku byo bitereka amaanyi g’amasannyalaze (bbaatule za lithium-ion, bbaatule za sodium-ion, bbaatule za lead-acid, bbaatule z’amazzi agakulukuta), naddala ekifo ekitereka amaanyi ga bbaatule ya lithium-ion.

Enkulaakulana ekubiriza okusooka okwanjula n’okugezesa tekinologiya era etumbula enkulaakulana y’okutereka amaanyi amapya, okukulaakulanya amakolero, n’okutunda. Omwaka 2025 we gunaggweerako, ebyuma ebipya eby’okutereka amasannyalaze mu nkola y’amasannyalaze bijja kutuuka ku kilowatt obukadde 30.

Wansi w’okukulaakulana kw’ekifo ekipya eky’okutereka amasannyalaze, emigugu gya bbaatule ezitereka amasannyalaze gyeyongedde. Okusinziira ku mawulire ga GGII, bbaatule ezitereka amasannyalaze mu maka mu mwaka gwa 2021 zaali 48GWh, nga zino zirinnye emirundi 2.6 okusinziira ku mwaka.

Ensaasaanya eno ejja kuba nsonga nkulu nnyo oba ya kussa kifo we batereka amazzi oba ekifo ekipya eky’okutereka amasannyalaze. Okusinziira ku biteberezebwa bya Liu Hanyuan, ssente endala ezisaasaanyizibwa mu kutereka amasannyalaze, gamba nga electrochemistry, kwongera kusuubirwa okukendeera okutuuka ku 0.2 ku 0.3 yuan/kWh mu kiseera kyonna ekya '14th Five-Year Plan'. Singa ssente za bbaatule etereka amaanyi zisobola okukendeezebwa obulungi, kino kijja kuba kumpi n’ebbeeyi y’okupampagira eriwo kati.

Mu mbeera eno, bbaatule ezitereka amasannyalaze mu maka nazo zitegekeddwa. Okusinziira ku biwandiiko okuva mu China Power Storage Space Network, kkampuni 12 zaalaze okugaziya emirimu gy’okutereka amasannyalaze mu kwata y’okusooka eya 2022, nga okutwalira awamu ssente zaateekamu obuwumbi bwa Yuan 100. Mu zo, ssente za ttiimu ya Baofeng mu by’ensimbi ze zisinga obunene. Mu March w’omwaka guno, pulojekiti ya Baofeng Group ey’okutereka amaanyi ga lithium-ion aga 200GWH full commercial chain yatandikibwa mu butongole mu Yinchuan. Ssente zonna ezaateekebwa mu pulojekiti eno zaali obuwumbi bwa Yuan 69.2. Kkampuni y’ennyonyi eya China Innovation Airlines yasaasaanyizza obuwumbi 20 mu kibuga Jiangmen ekya Guangdong.

Obusobozi bw’okutereka amaanyi mu ppampu bwe businga okukozesebwa mu katale k’okutereka amaanyi era ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu katale k’ekifo ekitereka amaanyi; mu kitundu ky’olutindo lw’okutereka amaanyi, okutereka amaanyi mu byuma (electrochemical power storage) ye tekinologiya ow’okutereka amaanyi asinga obunene. Okuddamu okukyukakyuka, awamu n’okukyukakyuka kw’amasannyalaze agazzibwawo nga photovoltaic oba PV wamu n’amaanyi g’empewo kuyinza okuleetawo obwetaavu n’obwetaavu obutakwatagana, ekiyinza okuvaako okwonooneka kw’amasannyalaze agakola amasannyalaze, awamu n’obutabeera munywevu mu kugaba amasannyalaze mu mikutu gy’amasannyalaze, era n’okukosa omutindo ogw’oku ntikko ogw’amasannyalaze.

Bw’ogeraageranya n’enkola eya bulijjo ey’okutereka amasannyalaze ey’okupampagira ekifo we batereka amazzi, ekisinga okweraliikirira ku kifo ekipya ennyo eky’okutereka amaanyi mu katale mu kiseera kino kye kisinga okweraliikirira ku katale. Ekiyitibwa ekika ekipya ennyo eky’ekifo eky’okuterekamu amaanyi kitera okutegeeza ekika ekipya ennyo eky’ekifo eky’okutereka amaanyi g’amasannyalaze tekinologiya ow’ebweru w’obusobozi bw’okutereka amasannyalaze mu ppampu, omuli okutereka amaanyi g’amasannyalaze, ekifo eky’okuterekamu empewo enyigirizibwa, n’ekifo eky’okutereka amaanyi ga flywheel. Mu kika ekipya ennyo eky’okutereka amaanyi, bingi bye bitereka amaanyi g’amasannyalaze (bbaatule za lithium-ion, bbaatule za sodium-ion, bbaatule za lead-acid, bbaatule z’omugga gw’amazzi), ekifo ekigere eky’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule ya lithium -ion.