Views: 0 Omuwandiisi: Site Editor Obudde bw'okufulumya: 2022-11-24 Ensibuko: Ekibanja
Wabaddewo enkyukakyuka bbiri mu katale ka bbaatule z’amasannyalaze mu China.
Enkaayana z’omusomo gwa tekinologiya wakati wa bbaatule ya lithium iron phosphate ne bbaatule ya lithium ey’ekika kya ternary mu butuufu zibaddewo okumala emyaka mingi.
Mu mwaka gwa 2021, lithium iron phosphate ejja kuzza emabega lithium ey’ekika kya ternary lithium omulundi ogusoose ennyo mu katale ka bbaatule z’amaanyi mu China, okumaliriza nga ye kika kya bbaatule ekisinga obusobozi obuteekeddwamu; omwaka guno, ekituli ekiri wakati wa bbaatule za lithium iron phosphate ate era ne bbaatule za lithium ez’ekika kya ternary kigenda kwongera okugaziwa. Naye okusinziira ku ndaba y’ensi yonna, ternary lithium ekyafuga obulungi ekitundu ekinene ennyo eky’akatale ka bbaatule z’amaanyi.
Ani agenda okulungamya okulinnya n’okukka kwa lithium iron phosphate ate era ne ternary lithium mu biseera eby’omu maaso? Yang Hongxin, ssentebe era akulira kkampuni ya Honeycomb Power Innovation Co., Ltd. (wano eyitibwa 'Honeycomb Power') gye buvuddeko yategeezezza omusasi w'amawulire okuva mu China Company News nti 'enkola ennene etaliimu cobalt' omuli lithium iron phosphate nga kwotadde ne lithium manganese oxide egenda kukozesebwa mu katale k'amasannyalaze konna mu biseera eby'omu maaso. Omugabo gw’akatale ka bbaatule gusuubirwa okusukka ebitundu 70%, nga ku bino lithium iron phosphate akola ebitundu ebisoba mu 60%, oba mpozzi okusingawo.
' China era n'ensi yonna mazima ddala ejja kuba n'omugerageranyo guno.' Yang Hongxin yategeezezza nti tekinologiya mu lithium iron phosphate tekinologiya ow'omulembe nga kwotadde n'omusingi mu myaka egiyise anywezezza nnyo ekituli n'amaanyi density ya bbaatule za lithium essatu, era era omugaso gw'omuwendo gulagibwa ng'ebbeeyi y'ebintu eby'okungulu erinnye eggulu. Mu kiseera kino, bbaatule za lithium iron phosphate mu butuufu zibisse akatale akakulu nga zirina obulamu bwa bbaatule bwa kiromita 500-700, era nazo zikyusa bbaatule za lithium ez’ekika kya ternary mu katale k’omu bwengula mu kutereka amaanyi ag’ettunzi. Ebiseera eby’omu maaso ebya bbaatule za lithium ez’ekika kya ternary lithium essira liteekeddwa mu katale ka density esingako awamu n’okusasula ssente mu bwangu mu ngeri etategeerekeka, wamu n’omulimu gwa bbaatule za solid-state ezitannaba kutundibwa.
Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, akatale ka bbaatule z’amaanyi mu China mu butuufu kafunye enkyukakyuka bbiri.
Mu mutendera ogusooka ogw’okutumbula loole empya ez’amaanyi, olw’ebirungi ebiri mu nsaasaanya, obukuumi, n’obulamu bw’enzirukanya, lithium iron phosphate yamaliriza mangu nga ye yasooka okulondebwa ku cathodes, awamu n’omugabo gwayo ogw’akatale guli mu maaso nnyo. Mu mwaka gwa 2016, bbaatule za lithium iron phosphate zaali ebitundu 69% ku katale ka bbaatule z’amasannyalaze mu maka. Wadde kiri kityo, mu kiseera kye kimu kyonna, obulamu bwa bbaatule ennungi obw’emmotoka ezisaabaza abantu ezikozesa bbaatule za lithium iron phosphate okutwalira awamu buba kiromita 200-300. Olw’okukulaakulana kwa tekinologiya mpolampola, egenda kuba ya kiromita nga 400 zokka mu mwaka gwa 2020. Okuziyiza mayiro za ggaasi kifuula promo y’emmotoka empya ez’amaanyi okutambula empola ennyo.
Mu 2017, minisitule ezisaanidde mu ggwanga lyonna awamu n'okuliyirira zakyusa enteekateeka y'obuyambi eri mmotoka empya ez'amaanyi, nga kwotadde n'omulundi ogusoose kwalimu obuwanvu bw'amaanyi ga bbaatule ng'omuwendo gw'okuteesa obuyambi, 'The mass energy density of the power battery system of pure electric guest Obuyambi bujja kuweebwa ku mirundi 1.1.' Kino mu butuufu kireese okweyongera okw'amangu mu busobozi obuteekeddwa ku bbaatule za lithium ez’ekika kya ternary ezirina amaanyi amangi, awamu n’omugabo gw’akatale k’ekyuma kya lithium bbaatule za phosphate zikendedde nnyo.
Okusinziira ku mawulire g’omukago gwa Power Battery Alliance, mu 2018, amaanyi ga bbaatule z’amayumba agagenda mu maaso gaatuuka ku GWh 70.6, nga ku zino bbaatule za ternary zaali 55.5%, wamu ne bbaatule za lithium iron phosphate zaali 39.7%. Mu mwaka gwa 2019, ekitundu kya bbaatule za lithium iron phosphate kyakka bulungi okutuuka ku bitundu 33%, era n’ekitundu kya bbaatule za lithium essatu kyatuuka ku bitundu 58%. Mu kwata y’okusooka eya 2020, omugabo gw’akatale ka bbaatule za lithium ez’ekika kya ternary mu butuufu gweyongedde okutuuka ku bitundu 76%, era era omuze gwa kkampuni emu okufuga gweyoleka nnyo. Ebibiina ebimu eby’okunoonyereza ku kunoonyereza byawa amagezi mu kiseera ekyo nti ebintu ebisatu mazima ddala byandifuga akatale ka katodi.
Mu March 2020, BYD yafulumya 'smash hit' eyawuniikiriza ennimiro y'emmotoka empya ez'amaanyi - bbaatule ya blade. Bw’ogeraageranya ne bbaatule ez’ekinnansi, bbaatule ya blade elinnyisa bulungi omuwendo gw’enkozesa y’ekitundu. Battery nnyingi nnyo zisobola okutikkibwa mu kitundu kye kimu ennyo. Bbeeyi y’okukozesa voliyumu erinnyisibwa ebitundu ebisukka mu 50%, ate cruising range eyongezebwako ebitundu ebisukka mu 50%, okutuuka ku ddaala okumpi The same level of high power thickness ternary lithium battery.
' Ku mmotoka ezikozesa bbaatule za lithium iron phosphate mu myaka egyasooka ennyo, okutambula kiromita 400 si kibi. Olw'enkulaakulana y'ebizimbe, BYD efudde bbaatule ez'ekika kya lithium iron phosphate ezitambulira ku nnyanja okutuuka ku kiromita 500. Olw'okulongoosa enkola y'amasannyalaze, esobola okutuuka ku kiromita 600. kiromita, ng'ekwata emu ku katale akasinga okwettanirwa aka ku bikwata ku 500 kilometers.' Yang Hongxin yagamba nti olw'obuyiiya bwa spheroidization obwa lithium iron phosphate, okugattako electrolytes empya, era n'okuddaabiriza ebintu ebitali birungi ebiva mu electrode, ebiziyiza eby'omulimu omubi ogw'ebbugumu eri wansi ogwa lithium iron phosphate mu bukulu bikoleddwaako.
Okugatta ku ekyo, n’okuddaabiriza obusobozi bwa gram wamu n’ekifo eky’okunyigiriza, era n’okulongoosa ensengekera y’obutundutundu, lithium iron phosphate esobola okutuuka ku maanyi ga watts 195 buli kkiro, ezisobola okuyimirizaawo obulamu bwa bbaatule bwa kiromita 800, okubikka obulamu bwa bbaatule bw’emmotoka ne loole eza B-class ne C-class ze zeetaaga. Ku ntandikwa y’omwaka guno, lithium manganese iron phosphate eyazaalibwa nga etabula lithium iron phosphate ne lithium manganese phosphate, erina amaanyi ga 210 Wh/kg, nga gano gakendeera nnyo ebitundu 10% ku 15% mu bunene ate era n’obuzito bw’ogeraageranya ne lithium iron phosphate
Mu July 2021, obusobozi obwateekebwawo obwa bbaatule za lithium iron phosphate bwakyuka obwa bbaatule za lithium ez’ekika kya ternary lithium omulundi ogwasooka ennyo. Okuva olwo, ekifo kino mu butuufu kyagenda kigaziwa, era okukkakkana nga bbaatule za lithium iron phosphate zawangudde n’omugabo gw’akatale ogwa 52% mu 2021.
Ku luuyi olulala, olw’okutunda loole empya ez’amasannyalaze okweyongera, obutakwatagana obunene mu by’amaguzi buvuddeko okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu bbeeyi y’ebintu ebisookerwako eby’okungulu, era bbaatule za lithium ez’ekika kya ternary lithium ziri ku puleesa nnene olw’okulinnya kw’ensaasaanya y’ebintu. Nga tutwala kobalti ng’ekyokulabirako, kobalti ekola ekitundu ekikulu ku bbeeyi ennungi ey’ebintu eby’obusannyalazo ebya bbaatule za lithiyamu ez’ekika kya ternary. Nga tutwala enkola ya bbaatule ya 523 ey’ekika kya ternary 523 ng’ekyokulabirako, cobalt ekola ebitundu 20% ku nsaasaanya y’ebintu, awamu n’enjawulo mu bbeeyi yaayo ejja kukosa butereevu ensaasaanya ya bbaatule. Okugatta ku ekyo, ebitundu 66% ku bikolebwa mu nsi yonna ebya cobalt biva mu Autonomous Republic of the Congo etali nnywevu mu byobufuzi. Ebitereke bya China ebya cobalt bikola ebitundu nga 1% byokka ku nsimbi ezifunibwa mu nsi yonna. Obutabeera na nsibuko za kobalt kissa nnyo mu matigga obukuumi bw’omukutu ogugaba bbaatule z’amasannyalaze.
Mu October 2021, Tesla yalangirira nti, okusinziira ku muwendo gwa cobalt ogw’amaanyi, obulamu bwa bbaatule obwa bulijjo Design 3 ne ne Version Y mu nsi yonna mazima ddala byonna bijja kukyuka bifuuke bbaatule za lithium iron phosphate ezitaliimu cobalt.
' Tesla okukozesa lithium iron phosphate mukolo gwa kwolesa nnyo.' Yang Hongxin yagambye nti nga 2021 tannatuuka, abakola mmotoka ne loole abakulu mu nsi yonna okusinga bakkiriza ebifo ebikola bbaatule eby'e Japan awamu n'eby'e Korea. Mu butuufu bulijjo bakozesezza bbaatule za lithium ez’ekika kya ternary era tebamanyi bingi ku bikwata ku iron phosphate. bbaatule ya lithium. Ku nkomerero ya 2021, abakola mmotoka mu Bulaaya nga kw’otadde n’Abamerika bagenda kuddamu okwemanyiiza ekirungo kya lithium iron phosphate, era batandike n’okutuukirira kkampuni z’Abachina okwekenneenya n’okutandikawo ebintu ebiyitibwa lithium iron phosphate.
Okusinziira ku ndowooza y’akatale, okutunda kwa EVs era ne PHEVs mu butuufu kulinnye kubanga mu 2015. Akatale k’e China kwokka mazima ddala kajja kukubisaamu emirundi ebiri okutuuka ku nkola obukadde 3.1 mu 2021, nga kwotadde n’okubalirirwa nti okutunda enkola obukadde 6 mazima ddala kujja kutuukirizibwa mu 2022. Mu kiseera kye kimu, China Advancement Aeronautics, Yiwei Lithium Power, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, era ne Honeycomb Energy byonna biba bya maanyi okuleeta lithium iron phosphate wamu n’emirimu emirala egy’obusobozi bw’okukola bbaatule.
Ebyavudde mu kwolesebwa kwa Tesla, okuva mu katale, n’okulongoosa mu kugaba bivuddeko obungi bwa lithium iron phosphate okulinnya mu bwangu. Wadde kiri kityo, ng'oggyeeko bbaatule z'amaanyi g'emmotoka, waliwo 'obuwumbi' diguli y'ennyanja empya eya bbululu egenda ku bbaatule za lithium iron phosphate.
Obuwumbi bw'ekifo awaterekerwa amasannyalaze akatale ka Blue Ocean
Okulowooza nti amasannyalaze g’empewo, okukola amasannyalaze ag’ekitangaala n’enkola endala ez’enjawulo empya ez’okukola amasannyalaze mu budde obutuufu zirina ebizibu ebitasalako n’okukyukakyuka, awamu n’okuyingiza amasannyalaze mu bintu era n’eby’obusuubuzi nakyo kirina engeri z’okukyukakyuka, engeri yokka ey’okukakasa n’okutebenkeza obutebenkevu bw’enjuyi zombi ez’okugabira amasannyalaze n’obwetaavu efuuse ensonga esaana okuvvuunukibwa mu kiseera kino nga bwe kiri mu biseera eby’omu maaso. ebizibu, era okutereka amaanyi kye kisumuluzo ky’okugonjoola ebizibu bino.
Endowooza z’okutereka amaanyi awamu n’okucaajinga eky’obugagga okutwalira awamu zifaanagana, okusasula ssente wansi ate era nga zifulumya ku ntikko, okutereka amaanyi agatategeerekeka ng’amaanyi g’empewo oba ekitangaala, n’oluvannyuma ne zikyusa wamu n’okutebenkeza ekivaamu. Mu bifo bingi eby’okutereka amaanyi amakubo ga tekinologiya ow’omulembe, n’okukulaakulanya tekinologiya ow’omulembe owa bbaatule era n’okukendeera kw’ebisale, okutereka amaanyi mu by’amasannyalaze kutunuulirwa okuba n’ekimu ku bisinga okukula era kye katale ka bbululu ocean akaddako akagenda okubwatuka.
Ebibalo ebikwatagana biraga nti mu 2021, gavumenti z’eggwanga lyonna n’ez’ebitundu mu butuufu awamu ziwaddeyo enkola ezisoba mu 300 ezikwata ku kutereka amaanyi, era enkola y’okusiga ensimbi mu nkola y’obusuubuzi mu butuufu esukka obuwumbi bwa Yuan 1.2. Okuva ku ntandikwa y’omwaka guno, okutwalira awamu disitulikiti 25 ze zitadde enkulaakulana y’okutereka amaanyi mu lipoota y’emirimu gya gavumenti eya wakati.
Haitong Securities yalaze mu lipoota y’okunoonyereza nti obusobozi obuteekeddwawo obw’okutereka amasannyalaze amapya ddala mu China bujja kutuuka ku 30GWh ezisukka mu 2025. Okuva mu 2021, obusobozi obuteekeddwa mu maaso obw’okutereka amaanyi amapya ddala bujja kuba nga 5.7 GWh zokka, ekiraga nti obusobozi obuteekeddwawo obw’ekifo ekipya eky’okutereka amasannyalaze bujja kugenda ku 5 ~ 6GWh. ekitundu eky’okukula emirundi ebiri. Everbright Stocks erowooza nti ekika ky’akatale ka China akatereka amaanyi mu bwengula mazima ddala kijja kutuuka ku buwumbi bwa Yuan 0.45 mu mwaka gwa 2025, era era mazima ddala kijja kugaziwa okutuuka ku bikwata ku buwumbi bwa Yuan 1.3 mu mwaka gwa 2030.
Battery za lithium ez’ekika kya ternary ezirina amaanyi amangi ze zikulembedde mu katale k’ekifo awaterekerwa amaanyi. Wadde kiri kityo, okusinziira ku mwaka gwa 2017, wabaddewo obubenje bw’omuliro buli kiseera ate era n’okubwatuka mu masundiro g’amasannyalaze ag’omu bwengula agatereka amasannyalaze. Mu bino, obubenje 24 obw’omuliro oba amazzi agakulukuta bwe bwabadde mu South Korea ekozesa bbaatule za lithium ez’ekika kya ternary lithium. Kino kireetedde ab’obuyinza okunyigirizibwa ku by’okwerinda bya bbaatule za lithium ez’ekika kya ternary lithium ng’amabibiro g’amasannyalaze agatereka amasannyalaze.
Nga June 29 omwaka guno, ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kuddukanya amasannyalaze mu ggwanga kyawa ebbaluwa ku kusaba endowooza ku 'Twenty-five Trick Demands for Stopping Power Production Accidents (2022 Version) (Draft for Remark)', nga muno mwe mwali okwewala omuliro mu kyuma ky'amasannyalaze mu bwengula ekitereka amasannyalaze ag'amasannyalaze. Ebyetaago by’akabenje kano byalaga nti ekyuma ky’amasannyalaze mu kifo ekitereka amaanyi g’amasannyalaze aga wakati n’amanene geetaaga obutakozesa bbaatule za lithium ez’ekika kya ternary lithium ne bbaatule za sodium-sulphur, era bbaatule z’amaanyi ezikozesa ebiwonvu tezirina kukozesebwa.
Mu mbeera eno, bbaatule za lithium iron phosphate, ezirina emigaso egy’enjawulo mu bukuumi, omuwendo ate era n’obulamu, zitandise okuyingira n’obuvumu mu katale k’okutereka amaanyi. Erimu ekifo ky’omulimu gwa bbaatule ya lithium ey’ekika kya ternary lithium eyakolebwa.
Obwetaavu bw’okutereka amaanyi mu nnyumba ag’ebyuma ebitonotono nabyo bweyongera, nga mu bino ebiva mu masannyalaze agakwatibwako era nga nabyo bikola amasannyalaze a/c, firiigi era n’ebyuma ebirala eby’amasannyalaze eby’enjawulo ebikozesa amaanyi amangi oba ebibeera ku layini okumala ebbanga eddene bye bikulu.
Oluvannyuma lw’ekizibu kya Russia ne Ukraine wamu n’embeera y’obudde ey’ekitalo, ekizibu ky’amaanyi mu Bulaaya ekyasigala nga kyeyongera. Ensimbi za ggaasi eza bulijjo mu Bulaaya zirinnye ebitundu 550% mu mwaka oguwedde, era n’emiwendo gy’amasannyalaze mu butuufu girinnye nnyo kumpi mu mwaka gumu. Embeera eri mu Bufalansa ne mu Girimaani naddala mbi nnyo. Mu byo, bbeeyi y’amasannyalaze ga base lots egenda okuweebwa mu Bufalansa omwaka oguddako egenda kutuuka ku Euro 1,130/MWh, ng’erabika ng’akabonero ka Euro 1,000 omulundi ogusoose ennyo mu mugongo, okulinnya kw’ebitundu ebisukka mu 1,000% bw’ogeraageranya n’ebbanga lye limu ennyo mu 2014. Bbeeyi y’ebintu ebifaanagana mu Girimaani yatuuka ku Euro 995/MWh.
Wansi w’okusikirizibwa emirundi ebiri embeera y’amasannyalaze wansi w’enkaayana z’ebyobufuzi wamu n’okuwagira ennyo enkola za gavumenti, obwetaavu bw’ebintu ebitereka amasannyalaze awaka mu katale k’e Bulaaya bweyongedde nnyo. Okusinziira ku biwandiiko okuva mu kibiina ekigatta amakolero g’amasannyalaze g’enjuba mu Bungereza (Solar Energy UK), mu butuufu amasannyalaze g’enjuba agasukka mu 3,000 ge gateekeddwa ku busolya bw’amaka g’Abangereza buli wiiki mu myezi egiyise, nga kino kyeyongedde emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya ne sizoni y’obutiti emyaka ebiri egiyise; Bbeeyi y’ebifo eby’okuterekamu amasannyalaze g’enjuba ekendedde esobozesa bakasitoma okuzzaayo ssente ze baateeka mu myaka 3 ku 5
Mu kitundu, omuze gw’ebyuma by’omu nnyumba ebisobola okukola amasannyalaze mu ngeri y’emu gweyongera. Twala enkola y’empewo ekola amasannyalaze eyazuuliddwa kkampuni ya Gree Electric ng’ekyokulabirako. Battery etereka amaanyi etegekebwa munda mu nkola ya ac, esobola okucaajinga ng’omuwendo gw’amasannyalaze guli ku buseere, n’ekozesebwa okuvuga yuniti ya ac ng’omuwendo gw’amasannyalaze mungi. okukoowa. Mu mulimu guno, lithium iron phosphate nayo erina ssente ezisingako n’okubeera n’emigaso mu by’okwerinda okusinga ku ternary
'Waliwo embeera nnyingi ez'okukozesa lithium iron phosphate, y'ensonga lwaki obungi bwa lithium iron phosphate bweyongedde mu bwangu mu kiseera kino, nga kwotadde n'okusigala nga bweyongera mu biseera eby'omu maaso.' Yang Hongxin bwe yategeezezza.
Ng’atunuulidde ensonga ng’obwetaavu bw’akatale, enzirukanya y’okugabira n’okusima ebirombe bya lithium, era n’enzirukanya y’okukula kw’abagaba bbaatule za lithium, Yang Hongxin alowooza nti mu kitundu ekyokubiri eky’omwaka ogujja, enkolagana y’obwetaavu n’obwetaavu wakati wa nickel ne lithium mazima ddala ejja kukendeera. Olw’okufulumya obusobozi bw’okugaziya ekifo ekikola bbaatule, emiwendo gya bbaatule z’amaanyi gijja kulinnya. Waliwo eky’okuddako eky’enjawulo. Wabula omwaka 2026 we gunaatuukira, okulonda bbaatule z’amasannyalaze era n’amabibiro agatereka amaanyi mu Bulaaya awamu ne USA kijja kwongera okulinnyisa obwetaavu, kale ensibuko za bbaatule zijja kusigala mu bbalansi ennywevu okumala ekiseera.
'Ekitongole ky'emmotoka ekimaze emyaka 100 mu kusooka kyali kya bukuumi nnyo, wabula waliwo enkyukakyuka nnyingi mu mulimu gw'emmotoka ez'amasannyalaze. Musisi w'e Fukushima, okuyimiriza okukola ebirombe mu Australia, wamu n'okulemererwa okugabira ebintu ku myalo gya South Afrika byonna biyinza okuleeta okuyimiriza okukola amakolero g'emmotoka okwetoloola ensi yonna. Okuwulira kwange okw'amaanyi kwe kuba nti wadde nga waliwo omugabi w'emmotoka, Kkampuni za bbaatule zirina okukwata eby’obugagga nga kwotadde n’obutaleka nsonda kufuuka jjaamu Naye mu myaka 2 egiyise,. balina okugumira okubeera bokka n'okuyita mu biseera ebizibu.' Yang Hongxin bwe yategeezezza.
