Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2023-03-23 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Urunani rwubucuruzi rwa bateri ya lithium yarakuze rwose, kimwe no gutura hejuru cyane mubijyanye nububiko bwamashanyarazi. Amabwiriza yiterambere ya bateri ya lithium-ion muri rusange ni ugushakisha umutekano, wizewe cyane, kimwe na bateri zihenze zishingiye ku guhanga udushya ndetse n’urunigi rw’inganda. iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga.
Kubyerekeranye no gukoresha isoko, amabwiriza yiterambere yibanze cyane cyane kubucukuzi bwa lithium kimwe no guhanga udushya. Kugirango uzamure itunganywa rya lithium ion, ibi bisaba inzira yoroshye kandi ikura yo kugabana ibikoresho mubyerekezo byimikorere ya adsorption. Ion guhana adsorption hamwe na membrane layer tekinike yo gutandukanya ifite ibyiza.
Uburyo bwa Adsorption: Bikwiye kubiyaga byumunyu hamwe na lithium yibanze. Ahanini biterwa na adsorbents hamwe nubushobozi bumwe na bumwe bwa adsorption ya lithium ion kugirango igabanye ioni ya lithium. Aluminium ishingiye kuri adsorbents irakuze muri iki gihe, ariko ikoresha amazi menshi. Icyerekezo cyo guhindura ikoranabuhanga kizaza ahanini Kugabanya ikoreshwa ryamazi
Membrane layer igabanya uburyo: Nimwe muburyo bukoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda muri iki gihe. Hamwe no guhangayika, gutandukanya neza imikorere yimikorere ya membrane ikoreshwa mugutandukanya ibintu bitandukanye byamazi yo kugaburira. Intangiriro ni uguhitamo ibikoresho bya membrane. Ibikoresho bya membrane byo gukuramo lithium mu biyaga byumunyu usanga ahanini ari ibinyabuzima, kandi ibinyabuzima by’Ubushinwa biri mu rwego rwo kumenya buhoro buhoro ubundi buryo bwo gutumiza mu mahanga.
Kubijyanye nibikoresho byiza bya electrode, kuzamura buhoro buhoro ingufu ningaruka zo gukura kwa lithium fer fosifate nziza ya electrode nziza, ishobora kuzamurwa ninyongera ya lithium ndetse nubundi buhanga.
Inyongera ya Litiyumu, nanone yitwa pre-lithiation, itangiza ibikoresho bifite urubuga rwa lithium nyinshi murwego rwibicuruzwa bya batiri, kimwe no gutuma ibintu bisohora neza ioni ya lithium, bikishyura igihombo cya lithium ikora, kimwe no kongera umubyimba nyawo hamwe nubuzima bwa cycle ya bateri.
Uburyo bwiza bwo kuzuza electrode lithium bwakuze neza. Nyuma yo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryiyongera rya lithium, umubyimba w’amashanyarazi ya batiri ya lithium fer fosifate biteganijwe ko uzamuka hafi 20% 60. Kugeza ubu, ubucuruzi bwakoze umusaruro munini, kandi biteganijwe ko ubushobozi bw’umusaruro buzasohoka mu myaka 3-5 iri imbere.
Kubireba ibikoresho bibi bya electrode, uburyo bwo gutera imbere bizaza cyane cyane kubicuruzwa bya karuboni-silikoni yibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwihariye. Ibikoresho bya silicon byera bikunda gutera imbere mugihe cyo kwishyuza kimwe no kurekura, ariko ibikoresho bya karubone bifite ibyiza byo guhindura amajwi mato. Nkigisubizo, icyerekezo cyiterambere cyiterambere ryinganda nugutanga ibikoresho bya karubone neza muri silicon kugirango ube silicon karubone mbi ya electrode.
Ubu buryo burashobora kongera ubushobozi burambuye bwa electrode itari nziza, kandi mugihe kimwe bigabanya ihinduka ryijwi rya silicon mugihe cyose kimwe no gusohora. Uyu munsi, ingano ya silikoni ikoreshwa mubucuruzi bwa silicon-karubone anode igaragara cyane munsi ya 10%, kimwe nubushobozi bwihariye buri hagati ya 400-700mAh / g. Inkunga yubucuruzi ya karubone-silicon anode imaze gukura buhoro buhoro kandi biteganijwe ko izarekura ubushobozi bwinganda mumyaka 2-3 iri imbere.
Kubijyanye na diaphragms, iterambere ryiterambere ryibanda cyane kuburyo bwo kwitegura kimwe no kuzamura udushya. Litiyumu ya fosifate ikunda gushiraho kuva diafragma yumye-yumye kugeza diafragma itose; murwego rwo kuzamura umutekano numutekano, kurangiza ceramic kuri diaphragms itose-ni andi mabwiriza yubuhanga.
Kubijyanye na electrolytite, kuzamura umutekano kimwe no guhagarara kwa bateri nicyerekezo kizaza.
Kubijyanye na fluid electrolyte, LiFSI ifite ibyifuzo byiza byo gusaba. LiFSI irashobora gukoreshwa nkumunyu wa electrolyte lithium muburyo bubiri. Irashobora gukoreshwa nkumunyu wibanze wa lithium kugirango utezimbere LiPF6-LiFSI ivanze numunyu wa lithium, kandi umunyu wa LiFSI wuzuye urashobora gusimbuza LiPF6.
Kugeza ubu, LiFSI yageze aho igeze nkuko biri mubyiciro bito bito. Mugihe kizaza, bizagabanya ahanini ibiciro hakoreshejwe automatike.
Batteri ikomeye-yerekana bateri ya lithium-ion ikoresha electrolytite ikomeye. Kubijyanye nihame ryakazi, bateri ya lithium ikomeye-ntaho itandukaniye na bateri isanzwe ya lithium. Kuri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, imwe mu nyungu nini za bateri ya lithium ikomeye ni umutekano. Electrolytes ikomeye-ifite imbaraga zo kutagira umuriro kimwe no gupakira byoroshye, kimwe no kongera imbaraga zububasha bwa bateri. Byongeye kandi, electrolyte ikomeye ifite imbaraga zo gukanika cyane, zishobora gukumira neza kwinjira muri dendrite ya lithium muri bateri yicyuma ya lithium yamashanyarazi mugihe cyose cyamagare, bigatuma bishoboka gukora bateri ya lithium ifite ingufu nyinshi. Kubwibyo, bateri zose-zikomeye-za litiro ni icyerekezo cyiza cyiterambere kuri bateri ya lithium-ion.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, hakwiye kumenyekana ko kugirango tugere ku guhanga tekinike muri bateri zikomeye, haracyari ingorane 2 zikomeye mubumenyi bwibikoresho. Kimwe nikibazo cyicyuma cya lithium cyangiza electrode, ikindi nikinanirwa rya electrolyte ikomeye-ikomeye kandi nuburyo bwiza-bubi bwabakoresha.
Kuberako electrolyte ikomeye ubwayo nini kuruta electrolyte kimwe no gutandukanya, sisitemu nziza ya electrode ntabwo yahindutse. Kubera iyo mpamvu, kugirango ugere ku busumbane bw’ingufu nyinshi, ukoresheje icyuma cya lithium kitari cyiza cya electrode, ishobora kubika ubucucike bwa lithium hafi inshuro 10 za grafite 62.
Kuri bateri zose-zikomeye za lithium zifite ibyuma bya lithium nka electrode mbi, birakenewe ko uzirikana imikurire ya dendrite ya lithium muri bateri. Gukura kwa Dendrite muri electrolytite ikomeye biragoye kimwe no gutandukana kuruta muri electrolytite ya fluid, ivanga ibintu bitandukanye byumubiri ndetse nubuturo bwimiti cyangwa ubucuruzi. gushiraho, igikoresho nyacyo kiracyateganijwe.
Iya kabiri ni kunanirwa kwimbere hagati ya electrolyte ikomeye kimwe na electrode nziza. Abakene bahura hagati ya electrolyte idasanzwe ndetse nicyuma cya lithium muri electrolyte ikomeye bizavamo guhangana cyane hagati y’imikoranire ndetse no kuzenguruka kw’ubu, mu gihe ubushobozi bwa polymer electrolyte bwo kubungabunga imiterere ihamye y’umubiri ndetse n’imiti yo guturamo y’imiti ku buso bw’ubushyuhe bw’akarere ntibihagije.
Byombi bigira ingaruka kumibereho miremire ya bateri-ya-litiro ya batiri ya lithium muguhindura ituze rya electrolyte. R & d ya bateri-ikomeye ikomeye yiboneye imyaka 40 yamateka. Hamwe nibi bibazo bya tekiniki bitarasubira inyuma, guhuza urunigi rwinganda na bateri zisanzwe za lithium-ion ni nto cyane. Kubera iyo mpamvu, nubwo bateri ya litiyumu ikomeye ya litiro nuburyo bwiza bwa bateri ya lithium, niba Kugira ngo igere ku musaruro munini, ni ngombwa kumara igihe kinini mu guca icyuho cyikoranabuhanga ndetse no gushyigikira iyubakwa ry’urunigi rw’ubucuruzi.
