ʻO ke ʻano holomua o ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā pākahi lithium-ion!

Ua ulu maikaʻi loa ke kaulahao pāʻoihana o nā pā lithium, a me ka noho ʻana i kahi ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe ma ke kahua o ka wahi mālama mana electrochemical. ʻO nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hoʻomohala o nā pā lithium-ion e ʻimi i ka palekana, ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi, a me nā kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa e pili ana i nā mea hou a me nā kaulahao ʻoihana. hoʻomohala ʻenehana.

Nā kumu lithium

Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana kumu, ʻo nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai lithium a me ka hana hou ʻana. I mea e hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ion lithium, pono kēia i kahi kaʻina hana maʻalahi a me ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea i ke ala o ka adsorption hana kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa nā mea maikaʻi o ka adsorption hoʻololi Ion a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka papa membrane.

ʻO ke ala Adsorption: He kūpono ia no nā loko paʻakai me ka haʻahaʻa lithium haʻahaʻa. Ua hilinaʻi nui ia i nā adsorbents me kekahi mana adsorption no nā ion lithium e hoʻokō ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ion lithium. ʻO nā adsorbents i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka alumini ka mea ʻoi loa i kēia manawa, akā e ʻai nui i ka wai. ʻO ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻololi ʻenehana i ka wā e hiki mai ana ka hapa nui E hoʻemi i ka hoʻohana wai

ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka membrane layer: ʻO ia kekahi o nā kaʻina hana ʻoi loa no ka noi ʻoihana i kēia lā. Me ke koʻikoʻi, hoʻohana ʻia ka hana hoʻokaʻawale akahele o ka papa membrane e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea like ʻole o ka wai hānai. ʻO ke kumu ke koho o nā mea membrane. ʻO nā mea ʻāpana membrane no ka lawe ʻana i ka lithium mai nā loko paʻakai ka hapa nui o nā membrane organik, a ʻo nā membrane kūlohelohe o Kina aia i ka pae o ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea ʻē aʻe e lawe mai ana.

Huahana Cathode

Ma nā ʻōlelo o nā mea electrode maikaʻi, ʻo ka hoʻonui lohi ʻana i ka ikehu ka ulu ʻana o ka lithium iron phosphate favorable electrodes, hiki ke hāpai ʻia e nā mea hoʻohui lithium a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka Lithium supplementation, i kapa ʻia ʻo pre-lithiation, e hoʻolauna i kahi mea me ka ʻike pūnaewele lithium kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka ʻōnaehana huahana pākaukau, a me ka hoʻokuʻu pono ʻana o ka mea i nā lithium ion, e uku i ka nalowale o ka lithium ikaika, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka mana maoli a me ke ola pōʻai o ka pā.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻohui lithium electrode maikaʻi ua ulu maikaʻi loa. Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻia ʻana o ka ʻenehana lithium supplements, manaʻo ʻia ka mānoanoa o ka mana o ka lithium iron phosphate batteries e hoʻonui ʻia ma kahi o 20% 60. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokō ka ʻoihana i ka hana nui, a ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mana hana i nā makahiki 3-5 e hiki mai ana.

Huahana ʻino

E pili ana i nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ke ʻano holomua o ka wā e pili ana i ka huahana carbon-silicon composite me ka mana kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā mea silika maʻemaʻe e maʻalahi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka leo i ka wā o ka bila a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, akā loaʻa nā mea kalapona i nā pono o nā loli liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ke kuhikuhi o ka ulu ʻana i kēia manawa no ka ʻoihana ʻoihana e hōʻike i nā mea kalapona i loko o ke silika e hana i nā electrodes kalapona kino.

Hiki i kēia kaʻina hana ke hoʻonui i nā kikoʻī kikoʻī o ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole, a i ka manawa like e hōʻemi i ka hoʻololi o ka leo o ke silikoni i loko o ka hoʻopiʻi a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana. I kēia lā, ʻo ka nui o ka silicon doped i ka ʻoihana silicon-carbon anodes ka hapa nui i helu ʻia ma lalo o 10%, a me ka mana kūikawā ma waena o 400-700mAh / g. ʻO ke kaulahao pāʻoihana kākoʻo o carbon-silicon anode ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa 61 a manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokuʻu i ka mana hana i nā makahiki 2-3 e hiki mai ana.

D iaphragm

E pili ana i nā diaphragms, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau a me ka ulu ʻana o nā mea hou. Hoʻokumu ka lithium iron phosphate mai nā diaphragms kaʻina maloʻo a i nā diaphragms kaʻina wai; i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka palekana a me ka palekana, ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka seramika ma nā diaphragms wet-process he ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻenehana hou aʻe.

ʻElelectrolyte​

Ma nā ʻōlelo o nā electrolytes, ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka palekana a me ke kūpaʻa o nā pā i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Ma nā ʻōlelo o ka wai electrolyte, loaʻa iā LiFSI kahi manaʻo noi maikaʻi loa. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo LiFSI e like me ka paʻakai lithium electrolyte i ʻelua ala. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui paʻakai lithium maʻamau e hoʻomohala i ka paʻakai lithium i hui ʻia ʻo LiPF6-LiFSI, a hiki i ka paʻakai lithium LiFSI maʻemaʻe ke hoʻololi iā LiPF6.

I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa ʻo LiFSI i ka localization a i kēia manawa i ke kahua o ka hana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻemi nui ia i nā kumukūʻai ma o ka automation.

ʻO nā ʻōhua paʻa paʻa e pili ana i nā pākahi lithium-ion e hoʻohana ana i nā electrolytes solid-state. Ma ke ʻano o ka manaʻo o ka hana, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā pākahi lithium solid-state mai nā pā lithium maʻamau. No nā ʻōnaehana mālama mana, ʻo kekahi o nā pōmaikaʻi nui loa o nā pā lithium solid-state he palekana. Loaʻa i nā electrolytes solid-state ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke ahi a me ka hoʻopili maʻalahi, a hiki ke hoʻonui i ka mānoanoa o ka mana o nā pā. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka electrolyte paʻa ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ia ke pale maikaʻi i ke komo ʻana o nā dendrites lithium i loko o nā pā hao lithium metala i loko o ka holo kaʻa ʻana, hiki ke hana i nā pākahi metala lithium me ka nui o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ʻo nā pākahi lithium-paʻa holoʻokoʻa he kuhikuhi hoʻomohala kūpono no nā pā lithium-ion.

Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i mea e hoʻokō ai i kahi ʻenehana ʻenehana i nā ʻoihana paʻa paʻa, aia nō 2 mau pilikia nui i ka ʻepekema waiwai. ʻO kekahi ka pilikia o ka lithium metala adverse electrode, a ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe ka hemahema o ka electrolyte solid-state a me ka mea hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻole.

No ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ka electrolyte ikaika ma mua o ka electrolyte a me ka mea hoʻokaʻawale, ʻaʻole i loli ka ʻōnaehana electrode maikaʻi. No ia kumu, e hoʻokō i ka ʻoi aku o ka nui o ka ikehu nui, ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lithium metal unfavorable electrode, hiki ke mālama i ka density lithium e pili ana i 10 mau manawa o ka graphite62.

No nā pākahi lithium āpau āpau me ke kila lithium e like me ka electrode maikaʻi ʻole, pono ia e noʻonoʻo i ka ulu ʻana o nā dendrites lithium i loko o ka pā. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ulu ʻana o Dendrite i loko o nā electrolytes paʻa a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ma mua o nā electrolytes wai, e hui pū ana i nā ʻano kino like ʻole a me nā mea kemika a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kūʻai aku. ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka mea kikoʻī.

ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka hemahema o ka pilina ma waena o ka electrolyte paʻa a me nā electrodes maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole. Hoʻopili ka poʻe ʻilihune i waena o ka electrolyte kūlohelohe ʻole a me ka metala lithium i ka electrolyte ikaika e hopena i ke kūpaʻa interfacial kiʻekiʻe a me ka holo ʻole ʻana o kēia manawa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lawa ka hiki o ka polymer electrolyte e mālama i nā waiwai noho kino a me nā kemika ma ke kikowaena ma kahi pae wela.

Hoʻopilikia nā mea ʻelua i ke ola pōʻai lōʻihi o nā pākahi lithium āpau-paʻa ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka paʻa o ka interface electrolyte. Ua ʻike ʻia ka r&d o nā ʻōhua paʻa i nā makahiki he 40 o ka mōʻaukala. Me kēlā mau pilikia ʻenehana ʻaʻole i hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana me nā pā lithium-ion i kēia manawa. ʻO ka hopena, ʻoiai ʻo nā pā hao lithium paʻa paʻa ke ʻano kūpono o nā pā lithium, inā No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hana nui, pono ia e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa i ka haki ʻana i nā bottlenecks ʻenehana a kākoʻo pū i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kaulahao kalepa.