Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2023-07-18 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Isoko rinini ryimbere mu gihugu ryagize iterambere ryihuse, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa byinshi bibika ingufu byongera ibyoherezwa mu gukoresha umutungo w’imbere mu gihugu. Mu 2021, ibicuruzwa byo kubika ingufu mu Bushinwa byayobowe na CATL. Kubika ingufu PCS zoherejwe nabyo byiyongereye vuba.
Byongeye kandi, tekinoroji ninshi ninshi zagaragaye, zigira uruhare mu iterambere rirambye ryinganda zibika ingufu. Ingufu nyinshi zifite ingufu zitanga inyungu zingenzi muburyo bunini. Amashanyarazi yo kubika umuriro yahuye n’umuriro kenshi, biganisha ku gushimangira umutekano wo kubika ingufu muri politiki. Gukonjesha amazi hamwe na fluorine ketone ibisubizo byashimishije. Ubuhanga bushya bwo kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi, nko kubika batiri ya sodium-ion, kubika ingufu za batiri zitemba, no kubika hydrogène, byateye imbere mu buryo bwihuse. Uburyo bushya bwo kubika ingufu z'umubiri, nk'ububiko bw'umucyo n'ubushyuhe, kubika ingufu za rukuruzi, kubika ikirere gikonje, no kubika ingufu za flawheel, bigenda bishyirwa mu bikorwa binyuze mu mishinga yo kwerekana.
Inganda zibika ingufu zirimo amahuriro atandukanye:
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu: Ibi bikubiyemo bateri, PCS, BMS, EMS, nibindi bice. Abakinnyi bakomeye muri kano karere barimo CATL, EVE Lithium Ingufu, Izuba Rirashe, Nandu Power, Kesta, Kehua Data, BYD, Izuba Rirashe, Ikoranabuhanga rya Jinlang, nabandi bafite uruhare runini mumahanga.
Ubwubatsi bwa EPC, guhuza imiyoboro ya gride, hamwe na nyuma yo gukora no kuyitaho: Ibigo bizwi muri iki gice birimo Ikoranabuhanga ry’Ubushinwa, Ates, Ingufu za Linyang, Baoguan
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za sisitemu yibanda cyane cyane kuri lithium fer fosifate, kandi bateri ziragenda zigana mubushobozi bunini.
Ukurikije ibisabwa byashyizweho na Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, ubwinshi bw’ingufu za bateri zibika ingufu zigomba kuba ≥145Wh / kg, naho ubwinshi bw’ingufu z’amapaki ya batiri bugomba kuba 11010Wh / kg. Ubuzima bwizunguruka bugomba kuba ≥ 5.000, naho igipimo cyo kubungabunga ubushobozi kigomba kuba ≥80%. Kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi, cyane cyane tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu za batiri ya lithium, irimo guhinduka. Ubuhanga bushya nibiranga nka bateri nini, voltage nyinshi, hamwe no gukonjesha amazi / gukonjesha amazi bigenda bigaragara buhoro buhoro. Byongeye kandi, bateri ya sodium-ion irashobora kubona inyungu zo guhatanira ejo hazaza bitewe nigiciro cyabyo.
Inganda z’Abashinwa ziyobora ingufu za batiri zoherejwe n’ingufu ku isi, hamwe na CATL niyo itanga isoko rya mbere ku isi. Biteganijwe ko ibicuruzwa byoherejwe na batiri yo kubika ingufu ku isi mu 2021 byageze kuri 59.9GWh, hamwe na Ningde Times bingana na 16.7GWh, ni ukuvuga 27.9% bya byose. Ikoranabuhanga rya Paineng ryohereje 1.5GWh, bingana na 2,6%. Biteganijwe ko ibicuruzwa bizagera kuri 114.9GWh mu 2022, byiyongereyeho 91.9%, hamwe na Ningde Times bingana na 45.0GWh, cyangwa 169.5%. Dukurikije imibare, biteganijwe ko ibicuruzwa byo kubika ingufu zo kubika ingufu ku isi bizagera kuri 122.5 / 219.6GWh muri 2022-2023, bivuze ko byiyongereyeho 101% / 79%. Biteganijwe ko Ningde Times izatwara 50 / 100GWh yoherejwe, bikagaragaza ubwiyongere bwa 199% / 100%, kandi igakomeza umwanya wambere.
Mu rwego rwa tekinoroji ya inverter, inzira igenda yerekeza kuri DC 1500V yubatswe, isimbuza imyubakire gakondo ya 1000V, cyane cyane mumashanyarazi. Mu 2021, hafi 49.4% yububiko bwamafoto yo murugo yakoreraga kurwego rwa voltage ya DC, mugihe isoko rya 1000V ryagize 50.6%. Ikwirakwizwa rya Photovoltaque sisitemu iracyakoresha cyane cyane 1000V ya voltage. Kurugero, sisitemu zose zo guturamo zikoresha sisitemu yo murwego rwa 1000V, mugihe 80% ya sisitemu yinganda nubucuruzi ikoresha urwego rwa 1000V.
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za 1500V yerekana ibyiza byingenzi. Igicuruzwa cyibanze cya sisitemu ya 1500V ni PCV yo kubika ingufu za 1500V. Ugereranije na sisitemu zabanjirije iyi, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za 1500V itanga 35% + kwiyongera k'ubucucike bw'ingufu n'ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi, kugabanuka kwa 5% + kugiciro cya sisitemu, no kwiyongera kwa 0.3% + mu mikorere ya sisitemu. Hamwe na kontineri ya metero 40 na bateri 280AH, ubushobozi ntarengwa bwashyizweho kuri bateri 1000V ni 3.3MWh, mugihe sisitemu ya 1500V ishobora kugera kuri 4.5MWh. Usibye kugabanya ibiciro bijyanye na PCS, bateri, nibikoresho bifasha, umurimo, umusingi, hamwe nubutaka nabyo biragabanuka cyane. Imishinga minini iheruka kubona igipimo cya 1500V cyinjira kirenga bibiri bya gatatu. Inganda zihagarariye muri kariya gace zirimo izuba, Shangneng, na Kehua, hamwe n’amashanyarazi ya Shangneng yabonye umushinga wo kubika ingufu za MW 500 mu mujyi wa Shandong ukoresheje PCV 1500V.
Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya inverter ihora itera imbere, kandi itsinda PCS riragenda rishyirwa mubikorwa murwego runini. Itsinda PCS rikemura imipaka ya sisitemu ya PCS ikomatanyije kandi igafasha porogaramu nini. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri iriho ubu ikoresha cyane cyane PCS ikomatanyije, ishobora gutera ubusumbane hagati ya cluster ya batiri hamwe nogukoresha nabi bateri zimwe. Itsinda ryumugozi PCS ryemerera cluster-urwego rwo kuyobora, kuzamura sisitemu yo kubaho, kunoza ubushobozi bwo gusohora mubuzima bwose, kandi bikerekana inzira igenda yiyongera mubikorwa binini. Umushinga wa Huaneng Huangtai 100MW / 200MWH nicyo kigo cya mbere kinini gifite ingufu nini zo kubika ingufu mu Bushinwa cyakiriye urukurikirane rwa PCS. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, umushinga wa 3MW / 6MWH muri Texas, Shandong, nawo ukoresha iyi sisitemu yububiko.
Guodian Ishoramari Amavuta Umujyi Daqing yashyize mubikorwa 200MW Optical Storage Experimental Platform. Shangneng Electric yatanze inverteri yuburyo butandukanye, harimo 230kW yitsinda ryitsinda ryitsinda, imirongo ya 225kW na 175kW yitsinda ryitsinda, 3.125MW ikomatanya imashini zose-imwe, na 3.15MW ikwirakwiza imashini zose-imwe. Itsinda rya 250kW ryumugozi inverter, byumwihariko, ryahinduye uburyo bwa gakondo bwo kwegereza ubuyobozi abaturage. Hamwe na 1MW ihuriweho hamwe nuburyo bukomatanyije bwo gukora no gufata neza imiyoborere, byagabanije cyane igihe hamwe nabakozi basabwa mugihe cyo kunoza imikorere.
Kwinjiza ikoranabuhanga ryamakuru yikoranabuhanga hamwe na tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu n’amashanyarazi, hagaragaye igitekerezo gishya cyo gukora, ubwenge, nuburyo bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu. Ubu buryo butuma imiyoborere inoze kurwego rwa module ya bateri, bigatuma habaho gusohora, kugabanya iboneza rya batiri ku kigero cya 13%, kuzamura ubuzima bwa bateri ku kigero cya 50%, ishoramari ryiza hamwe no kugabanuka kwa 30% muburyo bwambere, gukora minimalist no kubungabunga (kugabanya amafaranga yo gutwara no gufata neza miriyoni 50 yuan mu myaka 25), kongera umutekano n’umutekano (kugera ku gipimo cya 99% kugeza ku kigero cyo kwizerwa). Iki gishushanyo kandi gifasha inzibacyuho kuva kuri Photovoltaic parite yo kubika ingufu.
Ikibi kimwe nuko ikiguzi cya PCS kiri hejuru cyane, ariko hariho umwanya uhagije wo kugabanya ibiciro. Abahinguzi bahagarariye muriki gice barimo Huawei, Shangneng, na Shenghong.
Kubijyanye na mashanyarazi ya topologiya, gahunda-ihuriweho na voltage ihuriweho hamwe itanga inyungu zingenzi kuri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu nini.
Mugihe ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu za sisitemu ziyongereye, gahunda gakondo izamuka ya voltage gahunda ihura nibibazo byinshi. Ubwa mbere, ubushobozi bunini busaba bateri nyinshi, ibyo bikaba byongera umutekano muke. Icya kabiri, uko umubare wa bateri ukurikirana wiyongera, imikorere ihoraho muri selile zitandukanye igenda igabanuka buhoro buhoro. Izi ngingo hamwe zigabanya ubushobozi bwimashini imwe ya sisitemu. Byongeye kandi, nkuko ibikoresho bisa byiyongera, itumanaho rya kabiri hamwe no kugenzura ibikorwa bigorana.
Ibyiza bya voltage-urwego rwihuriro rwateganijwe kuri sisitemu nini yububasha iri murwego rwo guhuza ibice byinshi bibika ingufu. Buri gice cyo kubika ingufu gisohora volt nyinshi kugeza kuri magana, zitanga umurongo mugari wa voltage ya bateri yihariye. Ibi bigabanya ingano yububiko bwa bateri numubare wa bateri zisabwa, byongera cyane ubushobozi bwa sisitemu mugihe uzamura umutekano.
Kugeza ubu, amasosiyete yo mu gihugu afite tekinoroji yo mu rwego rwo hejuru irimo Guodian Nanrui, Ikoranabuhanga rya Jinpan, amashanyarazi ya Zhiguang, Sifang Co., Ltd., na New Scenery. Izi sosiyete zasohoye kandi zakira ibicuruzwa bifite agaciro ka miliyoni 135.
Mu myaka yashize, habaye umuriro mwinshi muri sitasiyo zibika ingufu, bikerekana akamaro ko kugenzura ubushyuhe, gucunga ubushyuhe, no kurinda umuriro muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu. Politiki y’inganda yashyizwe mu bikorwa kugira ngo ikemure ibyo bibazo, biganisha ku iterambere ryihuse ry’ububiko bw’ingufu na sisitemu zo kwirinda umuriro. Litiyumu y'ibyuma, iboneka muri bateri ya lithium-ion, igaragaza ubushake buke kandi byateje impungenge z'umutekano wo gukoresha bateri ya lithium mu kubika ingufu. Imibare ituzuye yerekana ko mu mwaka wa 2022 habaye impanuka zirenga 17 z’ububiko bw’ingufu.Igihugu cyashyizeho politiki ijyanye no kubika ingufu n’umutekano w’umuriro kuva mu 2021, ishimangira akamaro ko kurinda umuriro hakurikijwe amahame mashya.
Mu rwego rwo kubika ingufu za sisitemu yo guhuza ingufu, uburyo butandukanye burabana, kandi hari abakinnyi benshi bagize uruhare muguhuza sisitemu. Hano hari uburyo butatu bwingenzi:
Imiterere yinganda zose: Ibigo bigira uruhare muri bateri, PCS, BMS, umusaruro wa EMS, nka BYD, byerekana ubu buryo imbere mu gihugu.
Kwishyira hamwe kwumwuga: Ubu buryo burimo abahuza bagura ibice hanze kandi kabuhariwe muguhuza sisitemu. Ifite porogaramu nke imbere mu gihugu ariko ihagarariwe namasosiyete yamahanga nka DOOSAN na IHI.
Guhinduka kuva kubatanga ibikoresho kubihuza sisitemu: Ubu buryo bukoreshwa cyane mugihugu. Ibigo byibanze ku bicuruzwa byihariye, nk’abakora inganda zifotora nka Photovoltaque nka Jinlang Technology, Gudewei, na Deye Technology, abakora ingufu za batiri zikoresha ingufu nka Energy, Penghui Energy, hamwe n’abakora PCS / BMS / EMS nka Jinpan Technology, Cosmald, Ke Shida, Kesta, KOCS, Data Data, Baoguang Co., Ltd. Ku isoko ry’Amerika, abakora inganda rusange bahujwe barashobora kuboneka bakora muburyo butatu.
Bateri ya Sodium-ion: Gahunda yubucuruzi kuri bateri ya sodium-ion irihuta. Batteri ya Sodium itanga imikorere myiza kuruta bateri ya lithium ku giciro cyiza cyane kubera ubwinshi bwa sodium. Batteri ya Sodium yerekana imikorere yumuriro wihuse (igera kuri 80% muminota 15 mubushyuhe bwicyumba), imikorere myiza mubihe by'ubushyuhe buke, ubuzima bwikubye inshuro 4000-5000 mubihe byubushyuhe busanzwe, hamwe nubucucike bwingufu ugereranije nubwa batiri ya fer-lithium. Mu gihe umutungo wa Lithium wagaragaye ku isi mu 2022 wageze kuri toni zigera kuri miliyoni 89, aho kimwe cya kabiri cyazo zikwirakwizwa muri Amerika y'Epfo, Ubushinwa bufite toni miliyoni 5.1, bingana na 6% gusa ku isi. Byongeye kandi, 65% by'ibikoresho fatizo bya lithium bisaba gutumizwa mu mahanga. Ibinyuranye, umutungo wa sodium ni mwinshi kandi ukwirakwizwa henshi ku isi, hamwe na sodium ya chloride ikungahaye ku nyanja.
Bateri zitemba: Bateri zitemba zamazi, aho electrolytite nziza kandi mbi itandukanijwe, itanga imikorere myiza. Ibyuma-chromium hamwe na bateri yuzuye yuzuye ni ibyerekezo bibiri byingenzi byubucuruzi muriki gice.
Kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi yoroheje: Amashanyarazi yumuriro yumucyo afite inyungu karemano nkuburyo bwo kubika ingufu, cyane cyane muguhindura impinga no kugenzura inshuro.
Ububiko bwingufu za Gravity: Ububiko bwingufu za rukuruzi nuburyo bwo kubika ingufu zikoreshwa muburyo bukoresha ingufu zishobora kuva muburebure butandukanye kugirango byorohereze kwishyurwa no gusohora.
Ububiko bwo guhunika ikirere: Kubika ingufu zo mu kirere bikomatanyije bikubiyemo guhagarika umwuka mu gihe cy’amashanyarazi make no kubibika mu bwato bw’umuvuduko ukabije, nk'ibirombe byatereranywe, ibigega byo kubika gaze, ubuvumo, amariba ya peteroli na gaze yarangiye, cyangwa amariba ya gaze yubatswe. Ugereranije no guhumeka umwuka mubikoresho byumuvuduko nkibikoresho byibyuma, gukoresha ahantu h'ubutaka nko mu buvumo bwumunyu mukubaka sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi menshi bigabanya cyane ibikoresho fatizo nubutaka bwubutaka. Sisitemu yo kubika ikirere ifunitse irashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa nka sisitemu gakondo (bisaba kuzuzwa), sisitemu ifite ibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe, hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za gazi / gazi zikomatanyije, zishingiye kubikorwa bikora, uburyo bwo kubika, hamwe nisoko yubushyuhe.
Kubika ingufu za Flywheel: Kubika ingufu za Flywheel nubuhanga bushya buracyari mubyiciro byambere byo kwamamaza. Ikoresha isazi izunguruka kugirango ibike kandi irekure ingufu.
