Isesengura kandi ninama zijyanye no gukura kwububiko bwamashanyarazi ya gride

Gahunda nshya yunguka amashanyarazi ya gride yo kugura ububiko bwamashanyarazi

Nyuma y’indishyi z’iterambere ry’igihugu n’ivugurura zatanze 'Ingingo yo Kubona kurushaho kunoza Sisitemu y’ibiciro bikennye by’ububiko bwa pompe,' 'Ingamba ' irasaba guteza imbere ubushobozi nigipimo cyumuriro wamashanyarazi kububiko bwamashanyarazi kuruhande rwa gride. Ubushobozi hamwe nigiciro cyamashanyarazi gihuye nubushobozi bwumuriro wamashanyarazi rwose bizashyirwa mugukwirakwiza no kugabura ibiciro, hamwe nogusubiramo ibiciro byikigo kibika amashanyarazi bihindura amashanyarazi kimwe nogukwirakwiza, bigizwe no kohereza kimwe nigiciro cyo kugabura. Ukurikije ubwumvikane bwashyizweho na gahunda yo gusaba, iyi politiki irashoboka kugura ububiko bushya bushya bwo kubika ingufu z'ubucuruzi bw'amashanyarazi. Nyamara, politiki iracyari macro. Ntabwo bisobanutse ishyirwa mubikorwa ryinzira, uburyo bwo kugerwaho, ndetse nubuyobozi bukoreshwa.

Muri icyo gihe, mugihe ububiko bwamashanyarazi ya gride yashizweho hashingiwe kuri sisitemu yizewe yo gushimangira, ubucuruzi bwumuriro w'amashanyarazi nibwinjira mubushoramari bwimari murwego, kugenzura ishoramari bizarushaho gukomera kugirango hirindwe igiciro cyigihombo cyumushinga cyatewe nishoramari ryimari cyangwa kongera ingufu zose. Niba igiciro cyo kubika ingufu z'umuriro w'amashanyarazi gisubijwe hifashishijwe igiciro cyo kohereza no kugabura, ubushakashatsi bushoboka no kwerekana bigomba gukorwa kugirango dusobanure ihame rikomeye rya 'isano, gushyira mu gaciro, no kwemerwa ' by'igiciro cya ngombwa cyo kohereza no kuzenguruka.

Agaciro k'imiterere ifatika ya power grid uruhande rwo kubika ingufu

Imiyoboro ya gride ya ngombwa ifite uburyo bworoshye bwo kwikorera imitwaro, nini-nini-nini-nshya yo gukusanya ingufu, ibitekerezo-binini bya DC, ikibazo muguhindura impinga kimwe nubushobozi bwo guhinduranya buri gihe, kandi ntabwo ubushobozi buhagije bwo gushyigikira voltage; Iya kabiri ni iyo kugarukira kandi no mubindi bice byurubuga rwumuhanda; icya gatatu, mubice bidakomeye bya gride yamashanyarazi, nkimpera yumurongo wamashanyarazi kumpera yumwanya wa kure udafite ubushobozi buhagije bwo gutanga amashanyarazi cyangwa agace kamwe kamwe ka gride; icya 4 nigikoresho cyihutirwa cyo gutanga amashanyarazi nkumuntu ufite ingufu zingirakamaro, nka guverinoma, ibitaro, amakuru hagati ndetse nibindi bitandukanye. Binyuze mu buryo bwumvikana bw’ikigo gishya kibika amashanyarazi hamwe n’uruhande rwa gride, rwose bizamura impamyabumenyi itekanye kandi ihamye kimwe n’ubushobozi bwo gutanga amashanyarazi manini, ubushobozi bwo kubona amasoko, kugabanya guhagarika umurongo w’itumanaho, ndetse no gusubika ishoramari ry’amafaranga yo kohereza amashanyarazi kimwe n’ibikoresho bikwirakwizwa.

Sisitemu yo kurya ibiryo byoroshye sisitemu yo gutanga amashanyarazi. Ubwiyongere bw'ingufu busaba igikoresho gikwiranye nogukoresha neza. Niba igiciro cyo kohereza no gukwirakwiza cyahujwe binyuze mubushobozi hamwe nogukoresha amashanyarazi, fata urugero rwububiko bwa lithium fer fosifate nkurugero. Ukurikije igipimo fatizo cyatsindiye kingana na 1400 yuan / kWt muri 2021, ingano yakazi ni 83.3 MW / 166,6 MWh, 20% byamafaranga yatanzwe, imikorere, inzira Imyaka ni imyaka 21, kimwe na bateri isimburwa buri myaka icumi. Igiciro cyo gusimbuza bateri ni 700 Yuan / kWt. Ukurikije umusaruro shingiro wa 6.5%, ubushobozi nigiciro cyamashanyarazi ni 294.7 yuan / kWt. Tekereza ko urwego rushya rwububiko bushya bw’ububiko bushya bwa Jiangsu Power Grid rushingiye kuri MW 500 kandi rukanabara ku giciro cy’ingufu zingana na 294.7 yuan / kilowati, buri mwaka kongerera miliyoni 29.4.7 Yuan mu bubiko bw’amashanyarazi hamwe n’ibiciro by’ingufu z’amashanyarazi, byimuriwe mu izamuka ry’igurisha ry’amashanyarazi ku mashanyarazi, Kilowatt -hour. Mu iyubakwa ry’uburyo bushya bw’amashanyarazi ndetse no kuvugurura amashanyarazi, abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi hagati y’izamuka ry’ibiciro bitangwa n’ibicuruzwa ndetse no kugabanuka kwashakishijwe n’ibiciro by’uruhande, nyamara urebye imikorere y’ububiko bushya bw’amashanyarazi mu kubaka amashanyarazi mashya, utekereza ku kuzamura ingufu z’amashanyarazi muri sosiyete yose mu ntara, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ingufu z’amashanyarazi byiyongera cyane mu bushobozi bw’ubushobozi bw’ubushobozi bushoboka kandi buteganijwe.

Impanuro yo kubika ingufu ziterambere rya gride ya power.

Shishoza ushishoze muburyo bubiri bwa sisitemu yibiciro bya sisitemu hamwe nibisaranganya imbaraga zo kubika umwanya wububiko. Kububiko bw'amashanyarazi kuruhande rwumuriro hamwe ninyungu nyinshi zimibereho nko kurinda umutekano numutekano ndetse no gutuza kwumuriro wamashanyarazi, gutanga ibyemezo byihutirwa byo gutanga amashanyarazi, kongera ubushobozi bushya bwo gukoresha ingufu za sisitemu, ahantu hakomeye cyane hifashishijwe imiyoboro y’urubuga, hamwe n’ahantu haciriritse h’amashanyarazi, birasabwa kuvumbura byimazeyo ibikoresho by’ibice bibiri by’amashanyarazi binyuze mu gupiganira amasoko. Mugihe kimwe, shyira mubikorwa imbaraga zo gutanga amashanyarazi, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, hamwe nububiko bwihariye bwo kubika amashanyarazi kandi ukoreshe uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zisangiwe kugirango ukurikirane ibyiza byinshi.

Menya iterambere ry'umutungo wa karubone, kimwe no gutanga inama yo gushyiraho gahunda yo gufasha isoko rya karubone. Hamwe no gukoresha byimazeyo ibikoresho byubufasha bigabanya imyuka ya karubone hamwe na politiki y’ibanze yashyizwe ahagaragara na banki nkuru na minisiteri y’amafaranga, dukwiye kwamamaza byimazeyo ishyirwaho ry’isoko rya karubone kugira ngo dukomeze gahunda. Ku ruhande rumwe, kubika ingufu kimwe n’ibyangiritse bigabanya inyungu bigomba gukoreshwa kugirango habeho inyungu zo kugabanya karubone; kurundi ruhande + Ingufu nini, kubika ingufu (kwizihiza), + ingufu-nshya, kubika ingufu + gusimbuza amashanyarazi, nibindi, guteza imbere no kugenzura imitungo ya karubone, kugabanya ubushake bwo kwimura isoko (CCER) kubushake bwigihugu, cyangwa gutanga inama kubucuruzi bwisoko rya karubone gahunda ihamye yo kugarura ibice gushora imari ishoramari ryamafaranga.

Kugwiza uburyo bwo gushora imari no gutera inkunga kandi uhite utangiza gahunda zijyanye nishoramari ninkunga. Binyuze mu gushyira mu bikorwa politiki yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere byashyizwe ahagaragara na Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Imari, gahunda y’ishoramari ry’imari ya leta ihuriweho na leta iramamazwa kugira ngo ifatanye n’umutungo rusange w’ibirori kugira ngo hashyizweho imishinga y’inganda zangiza ibidukikije cyangwa ingwate zangiza ibidukikije hagamijwe kwagura imiyoboro y’inkunga ndetse no gukurikirana igipimo cy’imisoro ku nyungu, amafaranga y’ubukungu yangiza ibidukikije ndetse n’izindi politiki kugira ngo amafaranga menshi agabanuke.

Teza imbere uburyo bwo kuzamura uburyo bwo kuzamura inyungu zitaziguye zo kubika ingufu kandi ukomeze kubara umwanya wabitswe ingufu zifite agaciro. Ibishushanyo bitandukanye byubucuruzi biragoye kwerekana agaciro ko kubika ingufu zigenzura umutungo ufite agaciro. Nubwo muri iki gihe hari ibisabwa ku nyungu z’amafaranga yo kubika ingufu z’amashanyarazi n’inyungu z’ubukungu, bimwe mu bipimo by’inyungu zitaziguye nko guhinduranya agaciro no kwizerwa bifite agaciro biracyakurikiranwa neza. Umushinga nyawo uracyafite gukusanya amakuru, mubuvuzi no gupima neza umwanya wo kubika ingufu ibyiza byimibereho, kandi ugashyigikira no kubara ingufu zibitse zifite agaciro.

Kwamamaza ivugurura rya sisitemu yo gukemura ibibazo. Menyekanisha isoko ryuzuzanya rya serivise kugirango irusheho kwerekana neza isoko ryagaciro ryamasoko yoroheje nkububiko bwamashanyarazi, guteza imbere ndetse no kuzamura isoko rya serivise zunganira nko kugenzura buri gihe kimwe no gusubira inyuma, kandi wamamaze iyubakwa ryubatswe ryububiko bwumutungo wa toni hamwe nibikorwa byinshi byo guhuza ibikorwa. Reba intro yo kuzamuka muburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo, kwagura buhoro buhoro urwego rwibanze rwisoko ryizamuka, gahoro gahoro werekana umwanya wigenga wububiko bwigenga kimwe nibindi bitandukanye bishora mubikorwa byamasoko, hanyuma ushyireho uburyo bufatika bwo kugabana ibiciro.

Politiki iriho yavuze ko ububiko bw'amashanyarazi buri mu bihe bisabwa nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya gride, ahantu hakomeye h’umuhanda wa gari ya moshi, ahantu hadakomeye h’umuriro w'amashanyarazi, ndetse no ku bakoresha ingufu zikomeye, zashyizeho urwego rwo kumenya ububiko bw'ingufu ndetse no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Mubihe byavuzwe haruguru byasabwe, mugihe imikorere ya gride yamashanyarazi isimbuza ingufu zububiko bwibibanza bifite inyungu zihendutse mugukomeza imikorere ya gride mumasomo yubushakashatsi, ibibazo byokugera hamwe nibisabwa murwego rwo gusimbuza amashanyarazi bigomba gusimburwa.

Shimangira impanuro zigereranya zubukungu zerekana inzira yuzuye yubuzima bwibindi bisubizo, guteza imbere kunoza ibipimo bitandukanye byububiko bushya bwo kubika ingufu, no gushyigikira isesengura rishyize mu gaciro. Uyu munsi, inganda zirimo gutegura gutegura kwota, gutegura ingengo yimari, no kubara ibipimo byimirimo yo kubika ingufu mumirenge. Intro zayo rwose zizatanga ishingiro ryigiciro cyimirimo yo kubika ingufu zamashanyarazi kandi igashyiraho urufatiro rwo kuyobora amafaranga mashya yo kubika umwanya wo gushora ingufu. Hejuru y'ibyo, 'Gahunda y'Imyaka cumi n'ine ya 5, ' Gahunda y'akazi yo kurwanya inkongi y'umuriro ku rwego rw'igihugu, 'na ' Ingamba z’imyaka cumi n'itanu 'Ingamba z’ibihe byihutirwa by’ibihe byose zirahamagarira ibicuruzwa bishya nk'ibikoresho bishya nk'ibikoresho bishya bibika ingufu kugira ngo bishimangire inkomoko y’umutekano w’umuriro w’inyubako ndetse n’ubwubatsi. kuzamura ibipimo bitandukanye, nkubwoko bushya-bushya bwo kubika ingufu n’umutekano w’umuriro, bigomba kuzamurwa kugira ngo bibe ishingiro ryumvikana ku giciro cyo gushora ingufu mu bubiko bw’ingufu.

Muri icyo gihe, iyo umwanya wo kubika amashanyarazi wa gride yashizweho hashingiwe ku buryo bunoze bwo gushimangira igihe ubucuruzi bw’amashanyarazi bwinjiye mu ishoramari mu murima, ubuyobozi bw’ishoramari bw’imari buzaba bukomeye kugira ngo hatabaho gukuraho igihombo cy’imishinga iterwa n’ishoramari ry’imari cyangwa kuzamura sisitemu yose y’amashanyarazi. Imiyoboro ya gride ya ngombwa ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kugera kuri tombora, nini-nini-nini-nshya yo gukusanya ingufu, ibitekerezo-binini bya DC, ibibazo byo guhindura impinga kimwe nubushobozi bwo guhindura buri gihe, hamwe nubushobozi budahagije bwa voltage; Iya kabiri ni ukuba utandukanye kimwe n’ahantu hakeye kurubuga rwa koridoro; icya gatatu, mubice bidakomeye byumuriro wamashanyarazi, nkurangiza rya gride yamashanyarazi kumpera yakarere ka kure hamwe nubushobozi budahagije bwo gutanga amashanyarazi cyangwa agace kemewe na gride; icya kane ni ibikoresho byihutirwa bitanga amashanyarazi nkumukoresha wingenzi, nka leta, ibitaro, amakuru hagati nibindi bitandukanye. Mu iyubakwa ry’uburyo bushya bw’ingufu n’ivugurura ry’amashanyarazi, kuvuguruzanya hagati y’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa ndetse no kugabanuka kw’ibisabwa ku ruhande, nyamara utekereza ku kamaro ko kubika amashanyarazi mashya mu kubaka amashanyarazi mashya, utekereza ku izamuka ry’amashanyarazi y’umuryango wose mu karere, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi byiyongera cyane cyane ubushobozi bw’ubushobozi bw’ibikorwa by’ubushobozi bw’umuco wose, ubushobozi bwo gutegura ingufu n’ubushobozi bwuzuye bwo gutunganya ingufu z'umuriro wose.

Umwanya wo kubika ingufu za gride kuruhande hamwe ninyungu nyinshi zabaturage nko kwizeza umutekano n’umutekano w’umuriro w’amashanyarazi, gutanga garanti y’amashanyarazi yihutirwa, kongera ingufu za sisitemu nshya yo gukoresha ingufu, ahantu hakabije kunyura ku mbuga za interineti, ndetse n’ahantu hafite ingufu z’amashanyarazi, birasabwa kuvumbura byimazeyo uburyo bw’ibice 2 by’amashanyarazi binyuze mu guhatanira amasoko no guhitamo isoko. Gahunda iriho yavuze mu buryo bweruye ko umwanya wo kubika amashanyarazi ya gride uri mu bihe bisabwa nk’imikorere ya gride ya ngombwa, ahantu hakomeye h’umuhanda wa gari ya moshi, ahantu hadakomeye h’umuriro w’amashanyarazi, ndetse n’abakiriya bakomeye b’amashanyarazi, ibyo bikaba byarashyizeho urufatiro rwo kumenya aho bibika ingufu n’ikwirakwizwa ry’amashanyarazi ndetse n’ibikoresho bikwirakwizwa.