Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2023-04-14 Inkomoko: Urubuga
'Intego ya ' twin carbone 'nicyo twe Abashinwa dukwiye gukora. ' Ijambo ryingenzi ry'umukuru w’igihugu Xi Jinping kuri 'karuboni ebyiri ' ryongeye kugaragazwa n’umunyeshuri Jinyong. Ni irihe sano rya 'karuboni ebyiri ' n'imbaraga zishobora kubaho no kubika?
Aha, Umwarimu Jin yerekanye ati: '' Kugira ngo tugere ku ntego ebyiri za karuboni, ntitugomba kubara cyane twishingikirije ku mbaraga z’ibinyabuzima, ndetse no gushingira ku mbaraga z’umuyaga n’ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y’izuba kugira ngo ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu. Mu 2021, abakora amashanyarazi icumi ku isi bayobora isi yose bafite imyanya itandatu mu gihugu cyanjye. Ku mbaraga z'umuyaga n'ingufu z'izuba, ku gihugu cyacu, haba mu gutanga umutungo, imbaraga z'ikoranabuhanga, cyangwa igipimo cy'inganda, ntabwo bizaba 'ijosi ry'ikarita. '
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Jin Yong yagize ati: 'Hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ububiko bw’amashanyarazi, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, indege, gari ya moshi, ndetse n’ubwikorezi, amashanyarazi azagenda ahinduka impamo. Mu 2060, biteganijwe ko azagera ku gutwara amashanyarazi yose adafite karuboni. '
Jin Yong yavuze ko raporo y’ubushakashatsi yashyizwe ahagaragara n’isosiyete mpuzamahanga y’amahoro y’amahoro yabanje kwerekana ko ingufu zitangwa n’amashanyarazi zikomoka ku zuba zikubye inshuro zirenga 2850 ingufu zisanzwe zikenewe ku isi hose, ku buryo igihe cyose hazaba hari imirasire y’izuba ifite imikorere myiza kandi ihendutse, ingufu z’izuba ntizigira iherezo.
Ingufu zisubirwamo, nk'ingufu z'izuba n'umuyaga, ni ingenzi ku Bushinwa. Ni 50% by'isi ku isi ku mugabane w'amakara hamwe na 20% by'abatuye amakara muri Amerika.
Jin Yong yagize ati: 'Niba Ubushinwa budashingiye kuri peteroli, amakara na gaze, nta muntu ushobora kutubuza kwishingikiriza ku mirasire y'izuba n'umuyaga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu bubiko bw'ingufu ni ngombwa cyane mu Bushinwa.
Niba ugambiriye gukora sisitemu yingufu hamwe na zeru-karubone kandi nta co2 zangiza, kubura imiyoboro yingenzi yikoranabuhanga ni ububiko bwamashanyarazi. 'Kubera ko ihindagurika n’intera y’ingufu z’umuyaga n’ingufu zikomoka ku zuba bikomeye, ariko umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi n’abakiriya bisaba ko hajyaho amashanyarazi ahamye, bityo ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu zigomba kwemererwa kubikwa ingufu kugira ngo ziteze imbere imiyoboro y’ubwenge. Hindura ingufu z’ibinyabuzima. ' Umunyeshuri Jinyong.
Ikintu kidashidikanywaho ni uko iterambere ry’ububiko bw’ingufu zo kubika ingufu ridakemuye amakosa yaryo, kandi tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu ubwayo ntabwo ari yose. '
'Kugeza ubu, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya (rishya) rishya ryo kubika ingufu ni ububiko bw’amashanyarazi ya batiri y’amashanyarazi, mu gihe ikoranabuhanga ry’ububiko bw’amashanyarazi rikoreshwa muri iki gihe rikoreshwa cyane kimwe n’ibisubizo bigaragara. y'Ubukungu n'umutekano Ku Bushinwa, ni isoko rigaragara rikwiye gushora imari mu mahugurwa y'ubuhanga, kwiga ikoranabuhanga, guteza imbere igishushanyo mbonera, no gukora ibikorwa binini. Kubera iyo mpamvu, inganda zo kubika amashanyarazi zirashimishije.
Ubwikorezi, inganda, n’ubwubatsi nibyo bigize igice kinini cyo gukoresha ingufu z’ibinyabuzima n’intego nyamukuru yo kugabanya imikoreshereze y’amashanyarazi n’ibyuka bihumanya. Niba ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu hamwe n’ububiko bw’ikoranabuhanga bushobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butangaje mu mikoreshereze itatu y’ingufu n’isoko ryinshi ryangiza imyuka y’imirenge, imiterere, n’ubwikorezi. Bite ho?
Mu gusubiza iki kibazo, Jin Yong yagize ati: '' Nibyo koko, isoko ry’ibyuma rishobora gukoresha itanura ry’amashanyarazi mu byuma; ibyuma n’ubwubatsi birashobora gukoresha ingufu za geothermal, ingufu z’umuyaga, ingufu z’izuba ndetse n’ikindi kintu gishobora kuvugururwa kugira ngo kigere ku kwihaza mu mbaraga z’imiterere. 'Birasanzwe. Hamwe ningufu zawe bwite zizuba kimwe nigikoresho cyumuyaga wumuyaga, urashobora gusobanukirwa kwihaza kwingufu zamashanyarazi kugirango umenye neza ko ibikoresho byamashanyarazi byakwirakwijwe muri buri muryango bidasaba kuba ingufu ziva kuri Net, kandi birashobora no gucuruza ingufu zirenze kubigo bikoresha amashanyarazi. Ubushinwa bushobora kubigeraho mubihe byihariye, nk'ahantu ho kuruhukira mu mijyi no mu nyubako z'igihugu zishobora kugera ku kubika ingufu zitatanye. '
Dukurikije imibare, buri modoka nshya yingufu zifite ingufu za batiri zibika ingufu zingana na 60 kugeza 100 kWh mubihe bisanzwe. Imodoka nshya z’igihugu cyanjye zishyirwaho vuba, zifite ubwishingizi bwa miliyoni 13. Imodoka nshya yingufu zirashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byakwirakwijwe ingufu.
Jin Yong yagize ati: '' Igihugu gishobora gushyiraho amahame na politiki yo guhuza ibikoresho bibika ingufu za batiri zikoresha ingufu z’ibinyabiziga. Igitekerezo cya Sinopec ni uko umubare w’ibinyabiziga bishya bitanga ingufu ari muto cyane. '
Jin Yong yagize ati: 'Hamwe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ububiko bw’amashanyarazi, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, indege, gari ya moshi, ndetse n’ubwikorezi, amashanyarazi azagenda ahinduka impamo. Mu 2060, biteganijwe ko azagera ku gutwara amashanyarazi yose adafite karuboni. '
Batiri ya lithium iriho hamwe na tekinoroji ya sodium-ion izaza yateye imbere byihuse. Inyungu nini ya bateri ya lithium nuburyo imbaraga zo kuzishyuza. 'Jin Yong ati: ' Kubwa chimiste nkanjye, ibyahise, ibya none, nibizaza ntabwo ari ingufu.
Umusaruro wa hydrogène ngarukamwaka mu gihugu cyanjye nicyo kinini ku isi, ukaba usohoka buri mwaka toni zirenga miliyoni 40, muri zo toni zirenga miliyoni 30 zikoreshwa muri ammoniya cyangwa imiti. Byumvikane ko umusaruro wa hydrogène ya electrolytique ishingiye kumazi mugihugu cyanjye ari muke cyane kuko igiciro ni kinini. Hydrogene ya electrolyte isukuye cyane, ubukungu buri hasi, kandi tekinoroji ya hydrogène yamazi ya electrolytike ikeneye guhanga udushya.
Jin Yong yerekanye ko 'selile lisansi ya hydrogène ari imiti ya hydrogène na ogisijeni muri bateri ishobora guhinduka ingufu z’amashanyarazi. Intangiriro y’ingirabuzimafatizo ya hydrogène ni bateri y’imiti, kandi imikorere y’ingirabuzimafatizo ya hydrogène ni mike ugereranije. izatakara na 75%, kandi muri rusange imikorere yo guhindura ntabwo izaba hejuru. '
Jinyong yerekanye ko selile ya hydrogène ishobora gukoreshwa mu bihe bidasanzwe, nk'imodoka ziremereye cyane hamwe n’amazi yo mu mazi, ariko ikiguzi ni kinini. Umuyoboro mwinshi wa hydrogène hamwe na moteri ya hydrogène irenga kg 300, kandi molekile ya hydrogène ni nto cyane kuburyo idashobora gukwira no kwinjira.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekana ko mu 2060, ingufu zose z’ingufu z’igihugu cyanjye zizaba zigera kuri miliyari 2.373 kugeza kuri toni miliyari 4.746 z’amakara asanzwe, ahwanye na tiriyari 1.9.3 kugeza kuri tiriyari 38,6 kWh, naho umuturage akoresha amashanyarazi ni 13,000 kugeza 26.000 kilowatt. Hafi inshuro 2,5 kugeza 5. Ni izihe mbaraga n'ingufu zishobora kuzuza igihugu cyanjye gukoresha amashanyarazi menshi?
Jin Yong yizera ko kubika ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa no (kugenzurwa) guhuza ingufu za kirimbuzi bishobora kuba igisubizo nyamukuru cy’ingufu zizaza kugira ngo tugere ku ntego ebyiri za karubone no kuzuza amashanyarazi akenewe. Umwarimu Jinyong yavuze ko ingufu insimburangingo ya kirimbuzi itanga ihagije.
Jin Yong yagaragaje ko biteganijwe ko mu 2060, kongera ingufu z’igihugu cyanjye gishobora kongera ingufu zingana na 80%, naho ibindi ni gaze gasanzwe, peteroli, n’amakara, bingana na 7.4%, 7.3%, na 1.7%. Icyo gihe, hazakomeza kubaho agaciro ka sitasiyo yingufu zamashanyarazi. Ikigaragara ni uko bashobora guhindura gahunda, guhindura, no gufatanya n’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu.
Ni muri urwo rwego, Academic Jin yagaragaje ati: '' Kugira ngo tugere ku ntego ebyiri za karubone, ntitugomba gushingira cyane ku mbaraga z’ibinyabuzima, kandi tugomba gushingira ku mbaraga z’umuyaga n’ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y’izuba kugira ngo ingufu zisubirwe. ' ' interineti Irashobora kandi kugurisha ingufu zirenze kuri sosiyete ikora amashanyarazi.
