Nga ewerekerwako eby’obugagga ebizzibwawo, okukula kw’ekitongole ky’okutereka amaanyi kuzzaamu nnyo amaanyi.

' Ekigendererwa kya' twin carbon 'kye ffe Abachina kye tusaanidde okukola.' Okwogera kw'omukulembeze w'eggwanga Xi Jinping okukulu ku 'dual carbon' kwalambikibwa enfunda eziwera Omukugu Jinyong. Enkolagana ki eya 'dual carbon' n'amasoboza agazzibwawo n'okutereka?

Wano, Academician Jin yalaga nti, 'Okutuuka ku biruubirirwa bya kaboni ow'amawanga abiri, tetulina kubala nnyo nga twesigama ku maanyi g'ebintu ebikadde, nga kwotadde n'okuba nga tulina okwesigama ku maanyi g'empewo n'amaanyi g'enjuba okutuuka ku masannyalaze agazzibwawo. Eby'obugagga bya China ebizzibwawo bikulaakulana kisoboka nnyo.' Open-up resource data shows that in 2022, my country's photovoltaic or pv components in China in 2022 Lekawo 154.8 GW, okweyongera kwa... 74% omwaka ku mwaka. Mu 2021, kkampuni kkumi ezisinga okukola amasannyalaze g’empewo mu nsi yonna zaali zirina ebifo mukaaga mu nsi yange. Ku masannyalaze g'empewo n'amasannyalaze g'enjuba, eri eggwanga lyaffe, ka kibeere okugaba eby'obugagga, sitamina ya tekinologiya, oba ekipimo ky'amakolero, tekijja kuba 'ensingo ya kaadi.'

Okukola eby’obugagga ebizzibwawo, ekika ekipya eky’okutereka amaanyi kyetaaga mu bwangu enkulaakulana mu tekinologiya.

' Amasoboza agazzibwawo nga kwogasse (empya) ekifo eky'okutereka amaanyi tekinologiya ow'omulembe mazima ddala tekinologiya wa nkulaakulana akyusakyusa, akyusa ennyo amaanyi g'okukozesa abantu. Ensonda z'amasoboza ag'ebintu ebikadde nga amanda, amafuta, ne ggaasi zitumbula nnyo enkulaakulana y'embeera y'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna. Omulimu. Mu kiseera kino, abantu bagenda mu kiseera kya kaboni ow'emirundi ebiri, era eby'obugagga by'amasoboza ag'ebintu ebikadde ebitali bya lubeerera, ebitono ennyo bikyusibwa mpola n'empewo n'enjuba obuyinza. 'Jin Yong bwe yategeezezza.

' Olw'okukulaakulana okw'amangu mu kutereka amasannyalaze, tekinologiya ow'omulembe, ennyonyi, eggaali y'omukka, n'okutambulira ku mazzi, okussa amasannyalaze kujja kufuuka kwa ddala mpolampola. Mu 2060, kisuubirwa okutuuka ku ntambula yonna ey'amasannyalaze etali ya kaboni.' Jin Yong bwe yeewozezzaako.

Jin Yong yategeeza nti lipoota y’okunoonyereza eyafulumizibwa kkampuni ya International Green Peace Company emabegako eraga nti amaanyi agaweebwa amasannyalaze g’enjuba gasukka emirundi 2850 ku masannyalaze agaliwo mu nsi yonna, kale kasita wabaawo ebifo eby’amasannyalaze g’enjuba ebikola obulungi ennyo ate nga bya ssente ntono, amaanyi g’enjuba mu ndowooza tegakoma.

Amasoboza agazzibwawo, gamba ng’amasannyalaze g’enjuba n’empewo, ga makulu nnyo eri China. Kitundu 50% ku mugabo gw’amanda aga buli muntu mu nsi yonna ate 20% ku mugabo gwa Amerika ogw’amanda aga buli muntu.

Jin Yong agamba nti: 'China bw'eba teyesigamye ku mafuta, amanda, ne ggaasi, tewali ayinza kutulemesa nga yeesigamye ku masannyalaze g'enjuba n'empewo. N'olwekyo, amaanyi agazzibwawo gongera amaanyi mu kifo awaterekerwa amaanyi obuyiiya kikulu nnyo eri China.'

Bw’oba ​​ogenderera okukola enkola y’amasannyalaze nga temuli zero -carbon ate nga tewali co2 emissions, obutaba na web links za tekinologiya ezikulu kwe kutereka amaanyi. 'Kubanga okukyukakyuka n'obutafaanagana bw'amasannyalaze g'empewo n'amasannyalaze g'enjuba bya maanyi, naye omukutu gw'amasannyalaze ne bakasitoma beetaaga amasannyalaze aganywevu, kale amasannyalaze agazzibwawo galina okukkirizibwa ekifo eky'okutereka amasannyalaze okusobola okukola omukutu omugezi. Kyusa amaanyi g'ebintu ebikadde. 'Omukugu Jinyong bwe yeewozezzaako.

Ensonga etagambika eri nti enkulaakulana y’obuyiiya mu kifo awaterekerwa amaanyi tennagonjoola bbula lyabwo, era tekinologiya w’ekifo ekitereka amaanyi yennyini si wa muwendo gwonna. 'Mu kiseera kino, enkola esinga obunene ey'okutereka amasannyalaze efaananako ne China oba ensi yonna. Ye kifo ekitereka amazzi eky'okupampagira (tekinologiya w'okutereka amasannyalaze ow'omutindo). Kizibu okulonda ekitundu ky'essundiro ly'amasannyalaze; ekyokubiri, bbeeyi y'ensimbi eziteekebwa mu kupampagira amasundiro g'amasannyalaze eri waggulu nnyo, okutuuka ku 7000 ku 8,000 yuan/kW. '

' Mu kiseera kino, tekinologiya ow'omulembe asinga obunene ow'obuyiiya bw'okutereka amaanyi (empya) ye kifo eky'okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule ez'amasannyalaze, ate tekinologiya w'ekifo eky'okutereka amaanyi g'amasannyalaze mu kiseera kino akozesebwa nnyo nga kwotadde n'ekivaamu ekimanyiddwa. Omugaso gwayo, naye ng'okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule za lithium ku mutendera omunene, guteekebwamu ssente nnyingi, era ekizibu kino tekinnagonjoolwa ddala. Obuyiiya obulala obw'enjawulo obw'okutereka amaanyi nabwo mulimu ekifo eky'okutereka amaanyi ag'omubiri, haidrojeni okutereka amaanyi, okutereka mu bbugumu, n’ebirala Mu mutendera gwa Baihua ogw’ebbeeyi, tewali buyiiya bwa kutereka masannyalaze bubadde okumatiza mu by’enfuna n’obukuumi. Ku China, katale akakyakula akasaanira okussa ssente mu kutendeka obukugu, okusoma tekinologiya, okutumbula dizayini, n’okukola emirimu egy’amaanyi. N’ekyavaamu, amakolero g’okutereka amasannyalaze mu bwengula gasikiriza. Ekibiina kyo eky'okutereka amasannyalaze (ettabi ly'enkola y'okutereka amasannyalaze) kya mugaso nnyo! '

Ekifo ekitereka amasannyalaze kifuyira amaanyi amapya ag’ekiddukano okukozesa amasannyalaze agatali ga bulabe.

Entambula, amakolero, n’okuzimba bye bisinga okukola enkozesa y’amasannyalaze g’ebintu ebikadde era ekigendererwa ekikulu eky’okukendeeza ku nkozesa y’amasannyalaze n’okufulumya omukka. Oba tekinologiya w’amasoboza agazzibwawo n’amasoboza ag’okutereka amasannyalaze asobola okuzannyibwa n’obunyiikivu mu butale busatu obukulu obw’okukozesa amaanyi n’obucaafu obufuluma mu bucaafu obw’amaanyi obw’ebitundu, ebizimbe, n’entambula. Kiki ekikwata ku nsonga eyo?

Mu kwanukula ekizibu kino, Jin Yong yagamba nti, 'Mazima ddala, akatale k'ebyuma kasobola okukozesa ebyuma by'amasannyalaze okukola ebyuma; ekitongole ky'okuzimba n'okuzimba kisobola okukozesa amaanyi g'ebbugumu ly'omu ttaka, amaanyi g'empewo, amaanyi g'enjuba awamu n'eky'obugagga ekirala ekizzibwa obuggya okutuuka ku kwe -okumala mu maanyi g'ebizimbe.' It is more typical. Nga olina amaanyi go gennyini ag’enjuba awamu n’ekintu eky’amasannyalaze g’empewo, osobola okutegeera okweyimirizaawo kw’amasoboza g’amasannyalaze okukakasa nti ekintu eky’amasannyalaze ekigabibwa mu kutereka amasannyalaze ekya buli maka tekyetaagisa kuba masannyalaze okuva ku Net, era kisobola n’okutunda amasannyalaze agasukkiridde eri kkampuni y’amasannyalaze agakola emikutu gy’amasannyalaze. China eyinza okutuukiriza kino mu mbeera ezenjawulo, gamba ng’ebifo eby’okuwummulamu mu bibuga n’ebizimbe by’omu nsi ebiyinza okutuuka ku kutereka amaanyi mu ngeri esaasaanidde. '

Okusinziira ku bibalo, buli mmotoka empya ey’amaanyi erina ekifo we batereka amaanyi ga bbaatule okuva ku kWh 60 ku 100 mu mbeera eya bulijjo. Emmotoka empya ez’amaanyi mu ggwanga lyange zitandikibwawo mangu, nga zikakasiddwa nti za yuniti obukadde 13. Emmotoka empya ez’amaanyi zisobola okukozesebwa ng’ebyuma ebitereka amaanyi agasaasaanyizibwa.

Jin Yong agamba nti, 'Eggwanga lisobola okuleeta omutindo n'enkola okugatta enkolagana y'ebyuma ebitereka amaanyi ku bbaatule z'amaanyi g'emmotoka. Sinopec feedback eri nti omuwendo gw'emmotoka empya ez'amaanyi mutono nnyo. '

' Olw'okukulaakulana okw'amangu mu kutereka amasannyalaze, tekinologiya ow'omulembe, ennyonyi, eggaali y'omukka, n'okutambulira ku mazzi, okussa amasannyalaze kujja kufuuka kwa ddala mpolampola. Mu 2060, kisuubirwa okutuuka ku ntambula yonna ey'amasannyalaze etali ya kaboni.' Jin Yong bwe yeewozezzaako.

Okebera kkoosi y’amaanyi mu biseera eby’omu maaso, bbaatule ya lithium, OBA amaanyi ga haidrojeni?

Battery ya lithium eriwo kati ne tekinologiya wa bbaatule ya sodium-ion mu biseera eby’omu maaso biteredde mangu. Ekirungi ekisinga obunene ku bbaatule za lithium ge maanyi ge ziyinza okuzicaajinga. 'Jin Yong yagamba,' Eri omukugu mu by'eddagala nga nze, eby'emabega, ebiriwo n'eby'omu maaso si maanyi.

Haidrojeni efulumizibwa buli mwaka mu nsi yange y’esinga obunene mu nsi yonna, nga buli mwaka efulumya ttani ezisoba mu bukadde 40, nga ku zino ttani ezisoba mu bukadde 30 ze zikozesebwa okukola ammonia oba eddagala ery’obutonde. Kitegeerekese nti ebifulumizibwa mu mazzi agayitibwa electrolytic hydrogen mu nsi yange bitono nnyo kubanga ssente nnyingi. Electrolyte hydrogen nnyonjo nnyo, ebyenfuna bitono, era tekinologiya wa electrolytic water hydrogen yeetaaga okwongera okuyiiya.

Jin Yong yalaze nti 'amafuta ga haidrojeni ge ddagala lya haidrojeni ne okisigyeni mu bbaatule eyinza okukyusibwa okufuuka amaanyi g'amasannyalaze. Omusingi gw'obutoffaali bw'amafuta ga haidrojeni ye bbaatule ya kemiko, era obulungi bw'okukyusa obutoffaali bw'amafuta ga haidrojeni butono nnyo. Amasoboza gaayo gali kitundu kya kusooka, era omuwendo gw'amasoboza agakyusibwa guli 50% zokka. Nga tegukozesezza, gufiiriddwa ebitundu 50%. The enkola y’okukyusa ejja kufiirwa amaanyi nga 50% singa mmotoka evuga tugambe, okufuula amasannyalaze okufuuka haidrojeni n’oluvannyuma okukyusa haidrojeni okufuuka amasannyalaze. Enkola yonna ejja kufiirwa ebitundu 75%, era okutwalira awamu obulungi bw’okukyusa tebujja kuba bwa waggulu. '

Jinyong yalaze nti amafuta ga haidrojeni gasobola okukozesebwa mu mbeera ez’enjawulo, gamba ng’emmotoka ennene n’ennyanja ennene, kyokka ssente zisingako. Siliinda ya haidrojeni eya puleesa eya waggulu erimu mmotoka ezikozesa amafuta ga haidrojeni esukka kkiro 300, era molekyo za haidrojeni ntono nnyo okusobola okusaasaana n’okuyingira.

Amasoboza agazzibwawo+ n’okutereka amaanyi byongera langi ku bwetaavu bw’amasoboza.

Ebiwandiiko by’okunoonyereza biraga nti omwaka 2060 we gunaatuukira, amaanyi gonna agakozesebwa mu masoboza g’eggwanga lyange gajja kuba nga ttani obuwumbi 2.373 ku 4.746 ez’amanda aga bulijjo, nga kino kyenkanawa n’obuwumbi 1.9.3 okutuuka ku buwumbi bwa kWh 38.6, era amasannyalaze agakozesebwa buli muntu gali ku ssaawa 13,000 ku 26,000-kilowatt. Nga emirundi 2.5 ku 5. Nsengeka ki ey’amasoboza n’amasoboza eyinza okutuukiriza enkozesa y’amasannyalaze amangi mu ggwanga lyange?

Jin Yong alowooza nti okutereka amaanyi agazzibwawo n’okuyungibwa kwa nukiriya (okufugibwa) kuyinza okuba eky’okugonjoola ekikulu mu masoboza ag’omu maaso okutuukiriza ebiruubirirwa bya kaboni ebiri n’okutuukiriza ebyetaago by’amasannyalaze mu biseera eby’omu maaso. Omukugu mu by’ensoma Jinyong yagambye nti amaanyi essundiro ly’okukuŋŋaanya eby’amaanyi ga nukiriya ge kiwa gamala.

Jin Yong yalaze nti kiteeberezebwa nti omwaka 2060 we gunaatuukira, eggwanga lyange eryeyongera kw’amasannyalaze agazzibwawo kuyinza okutuukiriza obwetaavu bwonna obw’amasannyalaze obwa bitundu 80%, ate ebisigadde ggaasi ow’obutonde, amafuta, n’amanda, nga bikola ebitundu 7.4%, 7.3%, ne 1.7%. Mu kiseera ekyo, wajja kukyaliwo omugaso gw’amabibiro g’amasannyalaze agava mu bifo eby’edda. Ensonga eri nti basobola okuteekawo enteekateeka, okutereeza, n’okukolagana n’emikutu gy’amasannyalaze agazzibwawo mu ngeri ekyukakyuka.

Mu nsonga eno, Omusomesa Jin yalaze nti, 'Okutuuka ku biruubirirwa bya kaboni ebiri, tetulina kwesigama nnyo ku maanyi g'ebintu ebikadde, era tulina okwesigama ku maanyi g'empewo n'amaanyi g'enjuba okutuuka ku masannyalaze agazzibwawo.' Tekinologiya w'okutereka amaanyi agazzibwawo nga kwogasse (empya) ye tekinologiya ow'obuyiiya atabangula, nga eno nkyukakyuka nnene mu nkozesa y'amasoboza g'abantu. 'Kubanga okukyukakyuka n'okutambula kw'amasannyalaze g'empewo n'amasannyalaze g'enjuba bya maanyi, naye omukutu gw'amasannyalaze n'abagukozesa beetaaga amasannyalaze aganywevu, kale amasannyalaze agazzibwawo galina okukolagana n'okutereka amaanyi okukola omukutu omugezi. Oba tekinologiya w'amasannyalaze agazzibwawo n'okutereka amaanyi asobola okuzannyibwa ennyo mu makolero asatu amakulu agakozesa amaanyi n'okufulumya omukka omungi ag'amakolero, ebizimbe, n'entambula, ng'oyita mu maanyi g'enjuba go n'.' ekyuma ky’amaanyi g’empewo, osobola okutegeera okweyimirizaawo kw’amasoboza g’amasannyalaze olwo okutereka amaanyi agasaasaanyizibwa ekyuma ky’amasannyalaze ekya buli maka tekyetaagisa kuba masannyalaze okuva ku yintaneeti. Era esobola okutunda amasannyalaze agasukkiridde eri kkampuni ekola ku mudumu gw’amasannyalaze.