Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2025-07-24 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Imirasire y'izuba ya Cadmium telluride ni ihitamo ryambere muri selile yizuba ya firime. Bafite ingingo nziza kandi mbi. Utugingo ngengabuzima dukoresha kadmium telluride nkibikoresho byingenzi. Ibi bikoresho byinjiza urumuri rwizuba neza. Ifasha kandi gukora selile zihendutse kubyara umusaruro. Cadmium telluride igizwe na 5% byisoko ryizuba ryisi. Ariko ni ngombwa cyane kumishinga minini yizuba
| ryikoranabuhanga muri Amerika | mugusangira isoko |
|---|---|
| Monocrystalline Silicon | ~ 60% |
| Polycrystalline Silicon | ~ 30% |
| CdTe Yoroheje | ~ 5% |
| CIGS Ntoya | ~ 2% |
Amateka ya Terli yerekana inyungu zubuzima nuburyo selile yizuba ya kadmium telluride ikora.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Cadmium telluride ihendutse gukora. Bakoresha ibikoresho bike ugereranije na silicon. Ibi bituma baba beza kumishinga minini yizuba. Izi selile zuba zikora neza mumucyo muto. Bakora kandi neza iyo bishyushye. Bakomeza gukora imbaraga nziza mugihe panike ya silicon idakora. Ikibaho cya CdTe cyoroshye kuruta panike ya silicon. Birashobora kandi guhinduka. Ibi bituma abantu babashyira kumurongo uhetamye cyangwa udasanzwe. Abantu barashobora kubikoresha mubwato no hejuru yinzu. Hano haribibazo bimwe na panne ya CdTe. Nta byinshi bya tellurium ku isi. Cadmium irashobora kuba uburozi kandi iteje akaga. Ikibaho cya CdTe ntikimara igihe kirekire nkibikoresho bya silicon. Abahanga n’amasosiyete nka Terli barimo gukora kugirango bakemure ibyo bibazo. Bashaka ko CdTe izuba ryagira umutekano. Bashaka kandi ko bakora neza kandi bakaba beza kubidukikije.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Cadmium telluride ifite imiterere yihariye. Ibi bituma batandukana nizindi selile. Bakoresha ibice bito byegeranye hejuru yabandi. Igice nyamukuru ni kadmium telluride. Nigice cya semiconductor hamwe na bande itaziguye ya 1.5 eV. Ibi bifasha gushiramo urumuri rwizuba rukubita. Ingirabuzimafatizo zikora neza nubwo zifite urwego ruto.
Imirasire y'izuba isanzwe ya kadmium telluride ifite ibice byinshi: Uruhare
| rwibintu | muri CdTe Solar Cell | Umusanzu mubikorwa |
|---|---|---|
| p-ubwoko bwa CdTe | Absorber layer | Igikoresho cyerekezo cyiza cyo gukurura izuba ryinshi; coefficient nyinshi yo kwinjiza igabanya gukoresha ibikoresho nigiciro. |
| n ubwoko bwa CdS | Idirishya na buffer | Umuyoboro mugari utanga umucyo ku zuba; ifasha gutwara electron. |
| Fluorine-yuzuye tin oxyde (FTO) | Gukorera mu mucyo wa okiside (TCO) imbere | Emerera fotone kwinjira muri selile mugihe ikusanya neza. |
| Amabati y'imbere (i-SnO2) | Urwego rwo hejuru rurwanya rweruye | Kugabanya ingaruka zidasanzwe, kuzamura imikorere. |
| Okiside y'umuringa (Cu2O) | Inyuma yubuso bwinyuma (BSF) | Ibikorwa nkinzitizi yo kwanga abatwara inyuma, kugabanya igihombo no kongera imikorere. |
Igishushanyo kireka kadmium telluride selile ikora neza hamwe nibikoresho bike. Gukoresha kadmium telluride bifasha selile gufata izuba ryinshi. Ibi nibyingenzi kuri selile yizuba ya selile.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Cadmium telluride ntabwo imeze nkizuba ryizuba rya silicon. Itandukaniro rinini nuburyo buringaniye kandi bunamye. Cadmium telluride selile ikoresha firime yoroheje, micrometero 1 kugeza kuri 6 gusa. Panelike ya silicon ikoresha wafer ndende cyane, hafi micrometero 180.
| Ikiranga | Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Imirasire y'izuba | Imirasire y'izuba gakondo ya Silicon |
|---|---|---|
| Absorber Layeri Ubunini | Filime ntoya, hafi 1-6 µm | Umuyoboro mwinshi wa silicon silicon wafer, hafi 180 µm |
| Absorber Ibikoresho | Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) | Crystalline Silicon (monocrystalline cyangwa polycrystalline) |
| Idirishya / Buffer | Cadmium Sulfide (CdS), n-ubwoko bwa n | Ntabwo akoreshwa cyangwa ibikoresho bitandukanye |
| Imbere Yitumanaho | Oxide ikora neza (TCO) | Imirongo ya grid imirongo igaragara hejuru yimbere |
| Inyuma Twandikire | Kugeza ubu, gukusanya electroni no gutanga amashanyarazi | Kugeza ubu |
| Substrate | Ikirahure cyangwa ibikoresho byoroshye, bifasha panne yoroheje | Ikirahure gikomeye kandi gifite ikadiri |
| Kugaragara | Filime imwe, ikomeza yoroheje idafite ibyuma bigaragara | Utugingo ngengabuzima dufite imirongo igaragara ya gride |
| Guhinduka | Irashobora gukorwa nka firime yoroheje | Ikibaho gikomeye |
Imirasire y'izuba ya Cadmium isa neza kandi niyo. Birashobora gukorwa kubikoresho bya bendy. Ibi bivuze ko bakora kumurongo uhetamye cyangwa urumuri. Ibikoresho bya silicon birakomeye kandi byerekana imirongo yicyuma. Ubwoko bwombi bukoresha igice cya kabiri kugirango uhindure urumuri rw'izuba amashanyarazi. Ariko uburyo bwubatswe butanga cadmium telluride selile yizuba zimwe zidasanzwe ahantu runaka.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Cadmium telluride ihendutse gukora. Ntibakenera silikoni nkizindi selile zuba. Ibi bizigama amafaranga kubikoresho. Utubuto duto twa firime dukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye aho gukoresha silicon. Ibi biborohereza kandi bidahenze kubyara umusaruro. Monocrystalline silicon paneli igura amafaranga menshi kuko ikoresha silikoni nyinshi kandi ifite intambwe zikomeye. Polycrystalline panike ya silicon ihendutse gato ariko iracyakoresha silicon nyinshi kuruta panne-firime. Cadmium telluride modules ifite kadmium, abakozi rero bagomba kwitonda. Ariko gukora utugingo ngengabuzima biracyahenze cyane kuko bikoresha ibikoresho bike kandi byoroshye kubaka.
CdTe yoroheje ya firime izuba ikoresha silicon nkeya, kuburyo igura make.
Gukora selile biroroshye kuruta gukora panike ya silicon.
Ibiciro biri hasi bituma cadmium telluride modules izuba ryiza kumishinga minini.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Cadmium telluride nibyiza kubidukikije kuruta panike ya silicon. Laboratwari y'igihugu ishinzwe ingufu zisubirwamo ivuga ko izo panne zifite igiciro gito cya karubone kuri watt. Bakoresha imbaraga nke nibikoresho byo gukora. Minisiteri y’ingufu muri Amerika ivuga ko gukora module ya kadmium telluride ikora dioxyde de carbone nkeya kuruta silikoni. Kurenga 90% byibikoresho biri muri iyi panel birashobora gukoreshwa. Ibi bifasha umubumbe kurushaho. Uburyo iyi paneli ikorwa bisobanura kandi kwanduza ikirere no gukoresha ingufu nke. Ibi bintu bituma cadmium telluride selile yizuba ihitamo ubwenge bwingufu zisukuye.
Icyitonderwa: Cadmium telluride selile yizuba ifasha ibidukikije mukugabanya ubushyuhe bwisi, imvura ya aside, nibibazo bya ozone. Amahirwe yo kumena kadmium ni make cyane, ndetse no mubihe bikomeye.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Cadmium telluride ikora neza hanze. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko bakora imbaraga nyinshi kuruta selile silicon mugihe hari urumuri ruto. Ibidasanzwe byabo hamwe nibisubizo bibafasha gukora neza mugitondo, nimugoroba, no muminsi yibicu. Ahantu hashyushye, cadmium telluride selile ikomeza gukora neza kuruta selile silicon. Ingirabuzimafatizo za Silicon zitakaza imbaraga iyo zishyushye. Ibice bishya bya oxyde bifasha utugingo ngengabuzima kugumana imbaraga nyinshi nimbaraga, niyo byaba bishyushye. Iyo nta mucyo mwinshi, cadmium telluride selile igumana hafi 70-80% yimbaraga zabo zisanzwe. Babika kandi imbaraga zikomeye zifungura-amashanyarazi. Ibi bituma biba byiza ahantu hahindutse ikirere cyangwa izuba ryinshi.
Tekinoroji ya firime yoroheje ituma cadmium telluride imirasire yizuba yoroshye kandi igahinduka kuruta panike isanzwe ya silicon. Ibirahuri / ibirahuri bimwe biremereye, ariko panele yoroheje iracyafite imikoreshereze idasanzwe. Bashobora kujya hejuru yuhetamye cyangwa idasanzwe nkubwato, RV, nibikoresho byoroshye. Uburemere bwabo bworoshye bivuze ko badashyira ingufu nyinshi hejuru yinzu. Nibyiza kubwinyubako zishaje. Biroroshye kandi gushira no kwimuka.
| Module Ubwoko | Ibiro Kugaragaza Imiterere | ihindagurika |
|---|---|---|
| Ibisanzwe c-Si (ikirahure) | Hafi kg 20 kumwanya wa 250W (ikirahure cya 3,2 mm) | Komera kubera ikirahure; biremereye kandi ntabwo aribyiza kubigoramye cyangwa byoroshye |
| Ihinduka c-Si (polymer) | 2,2-2,5 kg / m² (kugeza kuri 80% byoroheje) | Bendable; bikozwe kubisenge bigoramye, amahema, nuburyo budasanzwe; byoroshye gushiraho |
| CdTe Ntoya-Filime (ikirahure / ikirahure) | Uburemere kuri buri kibaho (hafi ibiro 76,9 kuri 470 W) | Komera kubera ikirahure; ntabwo ari bendy nka polymer ishingiye kuri flexible c-Si paneli |
Imirasire y'izuba ya kadmium telluride ntishobora gupima ibisenge.
Imiterere yabo igoramye ibemerera guhuza hejuru cyangwa kugoramye.
Biroroshye gushiraho no kwimuka, nibyiza rero kubikoresha byoroshye kandi byihutirwa.
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Imirasire y'izuba ya Solar Sisitemu Ntoya ya firime izuba ryikirahure
Imirasire y'izuba ya Cadmium telluride ikoreshwa mumishinga minini. Isambu ya Topaz Solar muri Californiya nimwe nini. Ifite MW 550 z'amashanyarazi na paneli miliyoni 9. Ibi birerekana ko ikoranabuhanga rikora neza kubikorwa binini. Ibigo nka Terli bifasha abantu benshi gukoresha cadmium telluride selile. Terli ikora ibicuruzwa byinshi byikirahure byizuba, nkurukuta rwa BIPV rukuta, urukuta rwikirahure cyizuba, amabati, nigitwikiro. Ibicuruzwa bifasha gushyira imirasire yizuba mumazu no kuzana kadmium telluride ahantu henshi. Terli ikora kugirango panel zabo zikore neza, zihendutse, kandi byoroshye gukoresha. Ibi bifasha inyubako nyinshi zicyatsi nimishinga minini yingufu zikoresha cadmium telluride izuba.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Cadmium telluride irashobora kuba hejuru ya 30%. Ni ukubera ko ibikoresho bikurura urumuri rw'izuba neza. Muri laboratoire, abahanga bakoze selile zirenga 22%. Ariko imirasire y'izuba ushobora kugura igera kuri 18,6% gusa. Haracyariho itandukaniro rinini hagati y'ibishoboka nibibaho mubuzima busanzwe. Ibintu bimwe bihagarika utugingo ngengabuzima gukora neza. Ikibazo kimwe nuko doping y'umuringa igabanya umwobo uhari. Ibi bituma amashanyarazi afunguye munsi ya volt 1. Biragoye kandi gukora neza inyuma. Abahanga ntibumva neza uburyo electron zigenda mubice. Ibi bibazo bituma cadmium telluride selile yizuba itagera kumikorere myiza.
Tellurium ni gake cyane mubutaka bwisi. Iboneka hafi igice kimwe kuri miliyari. Byinshi muri tellurium biva mu bucukuzi bw'umuringa nkibicuruzwa. Ibi bivuze ko tubona gusa tellurium niba ducukura umuringa mwinshi. Isi ikora toni zigera kuri 500 za tellurium buri mwaka. Ariko inganda zizuba zishobora gukenera toni zirenga 1.200 vuba. Ubushinwa butunganya kimwe cya kabiri cya tellurium yisi. Ibi birashobora gutera ibibazo kubitangwa na politiki. Gusubiramo birashobora gusubira kuri 95% ya tellurium kuva kumwanya ushaje. Ariko gutunganya byonyine ntibizaba bihagije kubikenewe ejo hazaza. Tugomba gushora imari mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, gutunganya, no gutunganya. Amategeko na gahunda yinganda birashobora gufasha kugumya gutanga neza kandi ibiciro biri hasi.
Icyitonderwa: Ntabwo tellurium ihagije kumirasire y'izuba ya kadmium telluride.
Cadmium ni uburozi cyane. Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije gifite amategeko akomeye kuri kadmium mu mazi. Cadmium telluride irashobora kubabaza selile no gutera ibibazo by ibihaha iyo ihumeka cyangwa ikamira. Imirasire y'izuba ntabwo ihumanya mugihe gikoreshwa bisanzwe. Ariko niba zavunitse cyangwa zajugunywe nabi, zirashobora kurekura uburozi. Ikibaho gishaje mumyanda irashobora rimwe na rimwe kumeneka kadmium cyane, mubihe bimwe na bimwe. Ahantu hamwe, nka EU, ifite amategeko yo gutunganya panele no guhagarika umwanda. Ariko ibihugu byinshi ntabwo bifite amategeko akomeye. Abantu bahangayikishijwe numutekano n’umwanda uturuka kuri cadmium telluride selile.
| birambuye | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Uburozi | Cadmium ni uburozi cyane; EPA ifite amategeko akomeye y'amazi; CdTe irashobora kubabaza selile |
| Kubishobora | Ibizamini bimwe byo kumena imyanda byerekana kadmium nyinshi |
| Ingamba zigenga | Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ufite amategeko agenga ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa; ahantu henshi ntabwo |
| Ingaruka ku bidukikije | Kujugunya nabi birashobora kurekura kadmium na tellurium; gutunganya neza birakenewe |
Imirasire y'izuba ya Cadmium imara imyaka 20 kugeza 25. Nibigufi gato kurenza panike ya silicon, imara imyaka 25 kugeza 30. Ibibazo bimwe birashobora gutuma izo panne zishira vuba. Ibikoresho birashobora kurambura ukundi iyo bishyushye cyangwa imbeho. Ibi birashobora gutera gucika cyangwa gukuramo. Ibikoresho byoroshye birashobora gucika niba byunamye cyane. Ibihe bishyushye nubukonje nizuba ryizuba birashobora kwangiza panne mugihe. Inenge nyinshi nibibazo bigaragara uko paneli igenda ikura. Umuringa urashobora kuva mubice byicyuma bigatuma panne ikora nabi. Ibi bibazo bituma kuramba ari ngombwa kumishinga minini yizuba.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Cadmium telluride ntabwo isanzwe nkibikoresho bya silicon. Bagize hafi 5% by'isoko ry'izuba ku isi. Gusa ibigo bike bikora utwo tubaho. Imirasire y'izuba niyo nini. Aya masoko mato arashobora kugorana kubona panne ihagije kumirimo minini. Gahunda yo gusubiramo porogaramu irashobora kugarura ibyinshi muri tellurium na kadmium kumwanya ushaje. Ariko gutunganya ibicuruzwa biracyagenda neza, kandi ntabwo ahantu hose hashobora gukoreshwa imirasire yizuba ishaje neza. Abantu bahangayikishijwe numutekano nibibazo byo gutunganya. Gukora recycling neza kandi byoroshye bizafasha cadmium telluride imirasire yizuba kuba umutekano kandi ikunzwe.
Abahanga barimo gukora kugirango cadmium telluride selile izuba nziza. Amakipe yo muri kaminuza ya leta ya Colorado hamwe n’ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga Bombay yakoze ingirabuzimafatizo nshya. Iyi selile ifite perovskite na kadmium telluride ibice hamwe. Yageze ku mikorere ya 24.2%. Abahanga bifuza kubikora hejuru, wenda 27% cyangwa birenga. Barimo kandi kugerageza ibintu bishya nkibikoresho bya CdSexTe1-x. Barimo bava mumuringa bajya muri doping ya arsenic. Izi mpinduka zifasha kwishyuza abatwara igihe kirekire kandi bigatuma module ikomera. Utugingo ngengabuzima ubu dufite imikorere irenga 22%. Module yubucuruzi irashobora kugera kuri 18,6%. Ikibazo gikomeye nukugirango ibyo bitezimbere bikore kumwanya munini.
Abahanga bashaka gukoresha tellurium nkeya ariko bagakomeza gukora neza. Bashushanya ultrathin CdTe selile ikenera ibikoresho bike. Utugingo ngengabuzima turacyakora neza. Bakora kandi cadmium zinc telluride alloys kugirango batezimbere film kandi bakoreshe tellurium nkeya. Abahanga bashakisha uburyo bwiza bwo kubona tellurium mu bucukuzi. Bagerageza uburyo bushya bwa doping. Amatsinda amwe akoresha CdSeTe alloys hamwe ninyuma yinyuma kugirango abone ingufu nyinshi. Izi ntambwe zifasha gutuma urwego rutanga umutekano kandi umusaruro uhagaze neza.
Inganda zikomoka ku zuba zirimo gukora neza kandi nziza ku isi. Igurisha rishya rikoresha tin-bismuth aho gukoresha ibintu byuburozi. Ikirahuri-ibirahuri ntibikeneye urupapuro rwinyuma rwa polymer. Ibi bituma bakomera kandi bafite umutekano. Abashakashatsi b'Abayapani babonye uburyo bwo kuvanaho uburozi bwa kadmium mugihe cyo gukora. Amategeko yinganda na gahunda yo gutunganya ibintu biragenda neza. Ibi bituma inganda zisukurwa kandi zifite umutekano kubakozi. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana izi mpinduka zigabanya ubushyuhe bwisi kandi zifasha kumwanya muremure. Nibyiza kubidukikije.
Terli numuyobozi mubyatsi bya kadmium telluride ikoranabuhanga ryizuba. Isosiyete ikoresha imashini ya CdTe yoroheje kugirango ibike ibikoresho n'amafaranga. Terli yongeyeho igipimo cya tellurium inyuma kugirango azamure voltage kandi neza. Bilayeri yabo CdSeTe / Te selile itanga byinshi bigezweho. Buffer ya MgZnO ireka urumuri rwinshi kandi rufasha electron kugenda. Terli abona kadmium na tellurium bivuye mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Ibi bigabanya imyanda kandi bifasha ibidukikije. Inzira zabo zoroheje zikoresha ingufu nke nibikoresho bike. Ibi bifasha ejo hazaza hasukuye ingufu zizuba.
Imirasire y'izuba ya Cadmium telluride ifite ibyiza bimwe. Basaba make gukora no gukora neza. Igishushanyo cyabo nacyo kirashobora kunama cyangwa guhinduka. Ariko hariho ibibazo bimwe na bimwe. Biragoye kubona ibikoresho bihagije. Cadmium irashobora kwangiza cyane. Abantu bagomba gutekereza kubintu bike:
Ni bangahe paneli igura nuburyo zihindura urumuri rwizuba imbaraga
Amategeko agenga ibidukikije nuburyo bwo gutunganya neza
Uburyo isoko ikura nuburyo panike ya silicon irushanwa
Ibitekerezo bishya nubushakashatsi bibaho ubu
Ibigo nka Terli bikomeza gukora neza kandi bifite umutekano CdTe izuba. Gukoresha ibi bintu birashobora gufasha abantu guhitamo imirasire yizuba nziza.
Imirasire y'izuba CdTe ikoresha firime yoroheje kugirango ifate izuba. Panelike ya silicon ikoresha ibice bya silicon. CdTe panne iroroshye kandi rimwe na rimwe irigoramye. Ibikoresho bya silicon biraremereye kandi birakomeye.
Panel ya CdTe ifite umutekano iyo ikoreshejwe inzira nziza. Ibice byuburozi biguma bifunze imbere yikibaho. Gutunganya neza no gufata neza bihagarika kwangiza ibidukikije. Amategeko yumutekano afasha gukora no guta panne neza.
Imirasire y'izuba ya CdTe ikora imyaka 20 kugeza 25. Igihe bimara biterwa nikirere no kubitaho. Kubagenzura akenshi bibafasha kumara igihe kirekire.
Nibyo, recycling irashobora kugarura kadmium nyinshi na tellurium. Igikorwa cyo gutunganya ibicuruzwa gikomeza kugenda neza. Gusubiramo bigabanya imyanda kandi bifasha isi.
CdTe selile ikora neza iyo ishyushye hanze. Babura imbaraga nke kurenza panike ya silicon mubushuhe. Ibi bituma biba byiza ahantu hizuba kandi hashyushye.
