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CdTe Solar Glass: Idirishya Icyatsi Kubyubaka

Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2023-11-15 Inkomoko: Urubuga

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Kuki inyubako zifite akamaro ko guhinduranya ingufu zisukuye?

Ubuso bwisi yose buragenda bwiyongera cyane cyane mubihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, kandi ubutunzi bwiyongera bivuze ko abaguzi benshi bagura ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha nibindi bikoresho. Kuberako ubuzima burebure bwububiko, sisitemu yo gushyushya no gukonjesha, nibindi bikoresho, gushushanya no kugura ibyemezo byafashwe uyumunsi bizahindura imikoreshereze yingufu mumyaka myinshi iri imbere.

1 - Igorofa yisi yose ikura vuba

>>> Gukurikirana Inyubako

Ibikorwa by'inyubako bingana na 30% by'ingufu za nyuma zikoreshwa ku isi na 26% by'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi ¹ (8% ni ibyuka bihumanya mu nyubako na 18% byangiza biturutse ku musaruro w'amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe bikoreshwa mu nyubako). Ibyuka bihumanya bituruka mu nyubako byagabanutse mu 2022 ugereranije n’umwaka wabanjirije, nubwo ubushyuhe bukabije butera imyuka iva mu bushyuhe mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Muri 2022, inyubako zikoresha ingufu ziyongereyeho 1%.

3 - Ingufu z’ingufu za CO2 zirimo imyuka iva mu gutwika ingufu n’inganda

Ibipimo ntarengwa byimikorere no kubaka code yingufu biriyongera mubipimo no gukomera mubihugu, kandi ikoreshwa ryikoranabuhanga ryubaka kandi rishobora kongerwa ryihuta. Nyamara umurenge ukeneye impinduka zihuse kugirango ugere kumurongo hamwe na Net Zero zangiza muri 2050 (NZE). Iyi myaka icumi ni ingenzi cyane mu gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zisabwa kugira ngo intego z’inyubako zose zishyirwe mu bikorwa kandi 20% by’imigabane yari isanzweho zeru-karubone-yiteguye ² muri 2030.

1 Ingufu z’ingufu za CO2 zirimo imyuka iva mu gutwika ingufu n’inganda

2 Inyubako zeru-karubone ziteguye ni ingufu zikoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi zikoresha imbaraga zikoresha

ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa mu buryo butaziguye, cyangwa kwishingikiriza ku isoko yo gutanga ingufu zishobora kuba decarbonised byuzuye,

nk'amashanyarazi cyangwa ingufu z'akarere. Zeru-karubone-yiteguye ikubiyemo imikorere yombi

kandi ikubiyemo ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.

2 - Inyubako zeru-karubone zuzuye ni inyubako zikoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi zubaka

Umwuka wa CO2 utaziguye uva mu nyubako

Umwuka wa CO2 utaziguye uva mu nyubako wagabanutse kugera kuri 3 Gt mu 2022, mu gihe imyuka ya CO2 itaziguye yiyongereye igera kuri 6.8 Gt

Mu 2022, ibyuka bihumanya biturutse ku nyubako byagabanutseho gato umwaka-ku-mwaka, bitandukanye n’uko byagaragaye muri 2015 kugeza 2021 igihe byiyongereye ku kigereranyo cya 1% ku mwaka. Muri icyo gihe, imyuka ihumanya ituruka ku bikorwa by’inyubako yiyongereyeho 1,4% mu 2022, byerekana ko hashingiwe ku mashanyarazi.

Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bitandukanye n'akarere. Mu Muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, imyuka y’ikirere yagabanutse mu 2022, ifashwa n’imbeho yoroheje, mu gihe muri Amerika, imyuka y’inyubako yariyongereye, bitewe n’ubushyuhe bukabije. Kugirango ubone inzira hamwe na NZE Scenario, ibyuka bihumanya bigomba kugabanukaho 9% kumwaka ugereranije kugeza 2030, bikarenga icya kabiri mu mpera zimyaka icumi.

Usibye ibyuka bihumanya bitaziguye kandi bitaziguye biva mu nyubako, andi 2.5 Gt CO2 mu 2022 yajyanye no kubaka inyubako, harimo gukora no gutunganya sima, ibyuma, na aluminiyumu ku nyubako. Hamwe na hamwe, ibikorwa byinyubako hamwe n’ibyuka byoherezwa mu kirere bifite kimwe cya gatatu cy’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi. Ingamba zo kugabanya no kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere zirakenewe mu nyubako zose zifite agaciro.

3 - imyuka ya CO2 kwisi yose ituruka kumikorere yinyubako muri Net Zero Scenario, 2010-2030

3 - Ibyuka bya CO2 ku isi biva mu nyubako, harimo ibyuka bihumanya biva mu bwubatsi bushya, 2022

Ifoto ya IEA

Muri 2022, urwego rwinyubako rwakoresheje ingufu zingana na 1% kurenza umwaka ushize

Imikoreshereze y'ingufu ikoreshwa mu nyubako igereranya hafi 30% yo gukoresha ingufu za nyuma ku isi. Uyu mugabane usimbuka kugera kuri 34% mugihe harimo gukoresha ingufu za nyuma zijyanye no gukora sima, ibyuma na aluminiyumu yo kubaka inyubako.

Mu 2022, mu mwaka wa kabiri wikurikiranya, gukonjesha mu kirere byagaragaye ko umubare munini w’ibikenerwa mu nyubako zose zikoreshwa, wiyongereyeho hejuru ya 3% ugereranije na 2021. Ibinyuranye, gukoresha ingufu zo gushyushya ikirere byagabanutseho 4%, ahanini biterwa n’ubukonje bworoheje mu turere twinshi, harimo n’Uburayi.

Mu myaka icumi ishize, ingufu zikenerwa mu nyubako zagaragaye ko izamuka ry’umwaka ryiyongera hejuru ya 1%. Mu 2022 ingufu zikenerwa mu nyubako ziyongereyeho hafi 1% ugereranije na 2021. Amashanyarazi yinjije hafi 35% y’ingufu zikoreshwa mu nyubako mu 2022, aho yavuye kuri 30% mu mwaka wa 2010. Nubwo hagenda hagaragara ihinduka ry’ibicanwa biva mu bicanwa biva mu zindi mbaraga n’inganda - cyane cyane amashanyarazi n’ibishobora kuvugururwa - ikoreshwa ry’ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu nyubako ryiyongereye ku kigereranyo cy’ubwiyongere bwa buri mwaka cya 0.5% kuva mu 2010.

Muri NZE Scenario, gukoresha ingufu mu nyubako bigabanukaho hafi 25% naho gukoresha lisansi y’ibinyabuzima bigabanukaho hejuru ya 40% mu 2030. Gukoresha ibinyabuzima gakondo, bifitanye isano n’umwanda w’ikirere n’ingaruka z’ubuzima bwabyo, byaciwe burundu kandi kubona ingufu rusange ku isi, nk'uko byasobanuwe mu ntego z’iterambere ry’iterambere ry’umuryango w’abibumbye 7, bigerwaho.

4 - Gukoresha ingufu mu nyubako ukoresheje lisansi muri Net Zero, 2010-2030

4 - Gukoresha ingufu zanyuma zinyubako ugereranije nizindi nzego, 2022

Ifoto ya IEA

>>>CdTe Solar Glass : Idirishya Icyatsi Kubyubaka

5 - Ihame ryakazi rya CdTe ikirahuri cyizuba

Guhura hagati yicyatsi kibisi nubuhanga bushya byatumye havuka ibicuruzwa byikoranabuhanga byakuruye abantu benshi: ikirahuri cya kadmium telluride izuba ryifoto yikirahure. Ibicuruzwa birashobora guhuzwa neza ninyubako kandi bikabyara amashanyarazi, bizana uburyo bushya mubikorwa byubwubatsi ninganda zizaza. Ihame ryakazi rya CdTe ikirahuri cyizuba gishingiye kumafoto yumuriro wibikoresho bya semiconductor. Iyo urumuri rw'izuba rwibasiye firime ya CdTe, fotone ikorana na semiconductor, ishimishije electron kandi ikabyara amashanyarazi. Amashanyarazi atanga arashobora noneho gukoreshwa mubikoresho byubaka amashanyarazi cyangwa bikabikwa muri bateri kugirango bikoreshwe nyuma, bitanga ingufu zirambye, zisukuye.

6 - Gukoresha ikirahuri cyizuba bifasha kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no gukoresha ingufu

Gukoresha ibirahuri by'izuba bifasha kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no gukoresha ingufu. Ntabwo bigabanya gusa gushingira ku bicanwa biva mu kirere, binafasha kugera ku ntego z’ubwubatsi za karuboni zitabogamye. Byongeye kandi, bigabanya igihombo cyohereza amashanyarazi kandi bitezimbere ingufu. Mubidukikije aho ingufu zicyatsi ninyubako zirambye zigenda zihesha agaciro, kimwe nu 'intego ya kabiri ya karubone ' intego , ikirahuri cyizuba giha abantu icyerekezo cyigihe kizaza. Ntabwo ari nziza gusa, inatanga amashanyarazi meza, itanga umusanzu mwiza kubidukikije na societe.

Ahantu hakoreshwa ibirahuri byizuba ntabwo bigarukira mubwubatsi . Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa cyane muri Ahantu nyaburanga, sisitemu yo kumurika na ubwikorezi rusange . Gukoresha cyane ikirahuri cyizuba birashobora kandi guteza imbere ibidukikije mumijyi. Mu kuyinjiza mu nyubako n'ibikorwa remezo, imijyi irashobora kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kuzamura ikirere no kurushaho kuramba. Ibi bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku iterambere ry’ejo hazaza h’umujyi, bityo bibeho neza kandi bitangiza ibidukikije.

7 - Ahantu ho gukoresha ibirahuri byizuba ntibigarukira mubwubatsi

Muri make, ikirahuri cyizuba cyerekana icyerekezo kizaza kibisi. Ntishobora gutanga ingufu zisukuye zinyubako gusa ahubwo irashobora no gukoreshwa mubice byinshi mugutezimbere ibidukikije mumijyi no kugabanya ikoreshwa ryingufu hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga no kwagura isoko, ikirahuri cyizuba kizagira uruhare runini mumyubakire ningufu zizaza, bigira ingaruka nziza mubidukikije no kubidukikije.

8 - ikirahuri cyizuba cyerekana icyerekezo cyigihe kizaza