Imirasire y'izuba ku isi irenga amashanyarazi mu myaka ine

Ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu giherutse kuvuga ko mu 2027, biteganijwe ko amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba azarenza amashanyarazi akomoka ku makara kandi akaba inzira nyamukuru yo kubyara amashanyarazi. None, ni ukubera iki ingufu z'izuba zishobora kuba imbaraga nyamukuru zingufu nshya mugihe kizaza?

Mu myaka irenga icumi ishize, ingufu z'izuba ntizari zifite agaciro mu isiganwa ry’ingufu ku isi, zikaba zifite uruhare runini mu masoko yose y’amashanyarazi, munsi ya 1%. Ariko ibintu byarahindutse ubu, hamwe n’ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA) kivuga ko mu myaka itatu, izuba rizatanga amashanyarazi menshi kuruta gaze gasanzwe. Mu myaka ine, mu 2027, irashobora kurenga amakara nk'uburyo bwiganje mu gutanga amashanyarazi.

Ibiciro byo gukoresha amashanyarazi yizuba byagabanutse cyane mumyaka yashize

Impamvu y'ingenzi nuko igiciro cyo kwishyiriraho ingufu z'izuba cyagabanutse cyane. Imibare irerekana ko ku mbaraga zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ifite akamaro kanini, ikigereranyo cyo kubaka no gukora cyakomeje kugabanuka kuva mu 2009, kandi kikaba kizagera ku madorari 36 gusa ku isaha ya megawatt mu 2021, igabanuka rya 90% ugereranije na 2009. Igiciro cy'amakara cyahindutse gake, ku madorari agera kuri 108 ku isaha ya megawatt mu 2021. Bahar, umusesenguzi w'ikigo cy’ingufu gishobora kongera ingufu mu myaka 60 iri imbere y’ingufu z’amashanyarazi.

Guverinoma zirimo kwita cyane ku iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kubaho

Byongeye kandi, mu myaka yashize, guverinoma z’ibihugu bitandukanye zarushijeho kwita ku mutekano w’ingufu, kandi zanashyizeho politiki ijyanye no kuyishyigikira. Nk’uko gahunda y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ibivuga, mu 2025, ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba bizikuba inshuro zirenga ebyiri muri 2020, bugere kuri GW 320, naho 2030 buzagera kuri 600 GW. Biteganijwe ko itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga ry’Amerika ryemerera abashinzwe iterambere ry’izuba kubona inguzanyo zimwe na zimwe mu myaka 10 kugira ngo bakore igihe kirekire kandi kinini.

Isoko ry'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba rifite amahirwe menshi

Indi ngingo idashobora kwirengagizwa ni uko ubwubatsi bw'ingufu z'izuba bushobora kuba bunini cyangwa buto. Usibye imirongo minini, irashobora kandi kuba ikibaho kimwe cya batiri hejuru yinzu. Kubwibyo, amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba nayo ni isoko ryingenzi. Umuyobozi mukuru w’isosiyete ikora ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y’izuba muri Amerika yavuze mu kiganiro yagiranye na CNBC ko kwiyongera kw’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi muri iki gihe bishobora no gutuma ibyifuzo by’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu bihe biri imbere kuko byoroshye, bihendutse kandi byizewe.

Amerika: Imashanyarazi gakondo irashaje cyangwa igabanya iterambere ryingufu zisukuye

Birumvikana ko ingufu z'izuba ziracyafite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe. Nk’uko White House ibivuga, ibice birenga 70% by'amashanyarazi yo muri Amerika afite imyaka irenga 25. Imirongo ishaje irashobora kudashobora kugendana nibisabwa ingufu zituruka kumirasire y'izuba.

Byongeye kandi, umwimerere wa gride gakondo ntukwiriye guhererekanya ingufu zisukuye. Kuvugurura amashanyarazi, birashoboka ko byongera igiciro cyamashanyarazi