Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2023-08-10 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Amashanyarazi ya Photovoltaque, akoresha ingufu za Photovoltaque kuri interineti ya semiconductor, ihindura ingufu za optique mumashanyarazi. Iri koranabuhanga rigizwe nibice bitatu byingenzi: imirasire yizuba (modules), igenzura, na inverter. Ibi bice, bigizwe cyane cyane nibintu bya elegitoronike, bihuriza hamwe muri sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi.
Ninyungu zayo zidasanzwe, ingufu zizuba zafashe umwanya. Imirasire y'izuba ryinshi yagaragaye nkisoko yingufu zingirakamaro, ikubiyemo imico nko kuboneka bitagira umupaka, ibiranga umwanda, kutaboneka, no kugerwaho bitagira umupaka. Ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba zishobora kugera ku ntera idasanzwe ya 800 MWhm ku isegonda. Ibiranga ingufu z'izuba byongereye imbaraga zo gukura kuva mu myaka ya za 1980.
Intandaro yo kubyara ingufu za Photovoltaque haribintu bifotora mumashanyarazi. Iyo imishwarara ikoresheje fotone, izo semiconductor zikurura ingufu kandi zikabohora electron. Iyo izo mbaraga zibohoye zatsinze imbaraga zihuza muri atome, ikora amashanyarazi. Silicon, hamwe na electron zayo enye zo hanze, ihinduka muri N-semiconductor ya N nyuma yo gushyiramo electroni eshanu zo hanze ziva mubintu nka fosifore. Ibinyuranye, boron itanga P-semiconductor. Ihuriro ryubwoko bwa P nubwoko bwa N butanga itandukaniro rishobora kubaho, bikabyara izuba. Iyo urumuri rw'izuba rukubise ihuriro rya PN, umuyoboro utemba uva kuri P-ugana kuruhande rwa N.
Ingaruka ya fotoelectric, ikintu cyingenzi muri fiziki, igaragarira mugihe ibintu bimwe na bimwe bikurura ingufu ziva mumiraba ya electromagnetique hejuru yumurongo runaka, bikabyara amashanyarazi - optique.
Umusaruro wa silicon polycrystalline urangirira ku ngoti, uduce, na wafer ya silicon, hanyuma bigatunganywa. Kwinjiza urugero rwa boron na fosifore kuri wafer ya silicon ikora PN ihuza. Icapiro rya silike mesh ryakurikiyeho, gukoresha ifeza ya feza ihuye neza, gucumura, gukoresha electrode yinyuma, hamwe no kubika ibishishwa birwanya kuzuza izuba. Utugingo ngengabuzima twahujwe na modules, zifunze muri aluminiyumu hamwe nikirahure gitwikiriye imbere, kandi gishyizwemo na electrode yinyuma. Uhujwe nibikoresho bifasha, iyi ikora sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi. Guhindura DC-kuri-AC bisaba inverter, ituma inshinge zinjira mumashanyarazi rusange cyangwa ububiko bwa batiri. Ibikoresho bya bateri mubisanzwe bingana na 50% yikiguzi cya sisitemu, hamwe nibisigaye bigizwe nabahindura, amafaranga yo kwishyiriraho, ibikoresho byunganira, nibindi bisohoka.
Kuruhande rwimbaraga zidasanzwe zisanzwe ku isi, ingufu zizuba zigaragara nkitara. Ibicuruzwa bya peteroli bitagira ingano by’Ubushinwa bifite ibara ugereranije n’ikigereranyo cyo ku isi, gihagaze 10% gusa. Imirasire y'izuba, yuzuzwa, itekanye, itagira urusaku, kandi idafite umwanda, ntabwo igarukira ku mbogamizi zishingiye ku turere. Porogaramu zikoreshwa hejuru yinzu, uturere dufite ubutaka bugoye, nibindi byinshi. Imirasire y'izuba ikuraho ibikenerwa byo gukoresha lisansi no kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi, bigahuza neza n'ingamba z'igihe kirekire.
Ugereranije no kubyara amashanyarazi asanzwe, amashanyarazi yerekana amashanyarazi afite ibyiza byinshi:
1 ： Nta ngaruka zishobora kubaho
2 safe Umutekano rwose kandi wizewe, udafite urusaku n’umwanda
3 ： Bitewe n'imbogamizi zishingiye ku turere, zibereye ahantu hatandukanye
4 ： Ibicanwa bitigenga, bikuraho ibikenerwa kubyara amashanyarazi
5 ： Itanga ingufu nziza
6 accepted Amarangamutima yemewe nabakoresha
7 ： Byihuta byubwubatsi kandi bitanga ingufu zingirakamaro
Nyamara, kubyara imirasire yizuba birashobora kuba ingufu nyinshi kandi byangiza ibidukikije. Imirasire y'izuba iriho, nubwo ifitiye akamaro isi, irashobora kwanduza hanze mugihe yanduye imbere mu gihugu. Gukora imirasire y'izuba ya 1m x 1.5m bisaba gutwika amakara arenga 40 yamakara, mugihe amashanyarazi yubushinwa akora neza ashobora kubyara 130 kWh yumuriro hamwe namakara angana. Byongeye kandi, ibibazo birimo:
1: Ubucucike buke busaba gukoresha ubutaka bwagutse
2: Umusaruro wingufu zitandukanye zishingiye kumiterere yubumenyi bwikirere
3: Igisekuru cyo hejuru igiciro ugereranije nimbaraga zumuriro
4: Ibidukikije bitangiza ibidukikije kubikorwa byo gufotora
Amashanyarazi asanzwe ya Photovoltaque, azwi kandi kubyara amashanyarazi ya off-grid amashanyarazi, agizwe nizuba, imashanyarazi, na bateri. Mu bihe bisaba ingufu za AC, inverter ni ngombwa. Ikora porogaramu nko gutanga amashanyarazi mumidugudu mu turere twa kure, amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, itumanaho ryerekana itumanaho, kurinda cathode, no gucana imirasire y'izuba.
Amashanyarazi ahuza amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi ahindura amashanyarazi ya DC kuva mumirasire yizuba akayashyiramo amashanyarazi ya AC yujuje ubuziranenge bwamashanyarazi ya komine akoresheje imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro. Ibi byiciro birimo sisitemu ifite kandi idafite ububiko bwa batiri.
Sisitemu ihuza imiyoboro hamwe na bateri itanga ibintu bishobora guhinduka kandi irashobora guhuza cyangwa guhagarika amashanyarazi nkuko bikenewe. Barashobora gukora nkibintu byihutirwa mugihe umuriro wabuze. Sisitemu nkiyi akenshi ishyirwa mumazu yo guturamo. Kurundi ruhande, sisitemu ihujwe na gride idafite bateri itanga ingengabihe yingufu na backup ibikorwa kandi mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikorwa binini.
Ikwirakwizwa ryamashanyarazi yamashanyarazi asaba sisitemu ntoya ya fotokoltaque cyangwa hafi yimbuga zabakoresha kugirango zuzuze ingufu zikenewe cyangwa zongere ingufu za gride zihari. Igizwe nibice nkibikoresho bifotora, utwugarizo, agasanduku ka DC gahuza, imashini ihuza imiyoboro, hamwe n’akabati ko gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Ikorera munsi yimirasire yizuba, iyi sisitemu ihindura ingufu zizuba mumashanyarazi ya DC kandi igahindura ingufu zingana muguhuza gride.
