Isubirwamo + ibikorwa byo kubika ingufu bisaba guhangana cyane kubyara gaze gasanzwe

Umuyaga wongeyeho-kubika hamwe n’izuba-wongeyeho-kubika-byoherejwe muri Ontario na Alberta muri iki gihe birushanwe na gaze gasanzwe, nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Clean Power Canada

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe, akazi ka kaminuza ya Simon Fraser yo muri Columbiya y’Abongereza, bwategetse impuguke za Dunsky Power + Climate Impuguke gukora ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho byongera ingufu z’amashanyarazi kandi birabisohora uyu munsi.

Uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi rukorera muri Alberta, muri Kanada.

Raporo ivuga ko ingufu za peteroli zikomoka ku bicanwa ari ibintu bisanzwe bitekerezwaho guteza cyangwa guteza ibibazo by’impanga za Kanada z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ndetse n’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro by’ingufu. Raporo yongeyeho ko umuyaga kimwe n’ibigo bitanga ingufu z’izuba byasohotse muri Ontario kimwe na Alberta byiganje, kandi kandi birashobora no gutanga amashanyarazi ku giciro gito ugereranyije n’ibigo bitanga ingufu za gaze.

Impuguke muri Dunsky Energy + Impuguke z’ikirere zasesenguye ibiciro bimwe na bimwe byo kubaka umuyaga ndetse no kubyara izuba muri Ontario na Alberta, ndetse n’igiciro cyo gukomeza ubwoko bwibisekuru byombi hamwe no kubika batiri.

Isuku Power Canada yavuze ko ubushakashatsi ari ingenzi cyane kubera ko intara zombi kugeza ubu zishingiye kuri gaze nkibicanwa byingenzi kugirango zuzuze icyuho cyo gutanga ingufu n’ibisabwa. Ontario irabikora kuko ibigo bikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi bikuze bizasezera, mugihe Alberta ibikora kugirango igabanye gushingira ku mashanyarazi akomoka ku makara.

Kugabanya amafaranga yakoreshejwe, inzira ya karubone irakenewe kugirango Kanada igere ku ntego z’ibidukikije, bigizwe n’umwuka wa zeru uturuka kuri gride mu 2035, mu gihe isoko ry’ingufu zisukuye rikomeza kuba ingirakamaro mu rwego mpuzamahanga rwo guhangana n’ubucuruzi.

Hamwe n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi mu nganda kuva ku nyubako ndetse no mu nganda kugeza ku bwikorezi, ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziragenda ziyongera, kandi n'imyanzuro yafashwe uyu munsi yerekeye itegurwa ry'amashanyarazi izagira ingaruka mu myaka iri imbere.

Gukomeza iterambere ry’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kimwe n’ubundi buryo, usibye gushishikarizwa abashoramari gushora imari mu bigo by’izuba n’umuyaga, ni ngombwa mu gukuraho inzitizi zibangamira ingufu z’amashanyarazi.

Guverinoma ya Kanada ndetse n’ibikorwa remezo bigomba kongeraho ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku nyubako zishobora kuvugururwa, nk'uko iyi nyandiko ibigaragaza, ivuga ko raporo y’ubuyobozi bushinzwe kugenzura ingufu za Alberta muri iki gihe raporo y’igihe kirekire yakoresheje hifashishijwe ibiciro bitagikoreshwa muri 2018.

Dunsky Power + Climate Consultants yakoresheje igiciro cyingufu zingufu (LCOE) kugirango isuzume ibiciro byubuzima bwudushya twinshi muri Ontario kimwe na Alberta.

Raporo igereranya igiciro cy’ingufu zingana (LCOE) ku zuba n’umuyaga hamwe na turbine ya gazi ihuriweho hamwe (CCGT) kimwe n’ikigereranyo gitandukanye cy’ingufu (LCOE) ku zuba kimwe n’umuyaga) zabazwe kandi zigereranywa, ndetse n’igiciro cy’ingufu zingana (LCOE) cya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu mu gihe cy’amasaha 4 n’amasaha 8 ugereranije n’uruganda rukora gaze.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko iyo hatekerejweho ibipimo bya karubone bihari, igiciro cyo kohereza izuba kimwe n’umuyaga w’umuyaga mu ntara zombi kiri munsi cyane ya gaze. Ndetse nta gipimo cya karubone. Muri Ontario, ingufu z'umuyaga nazo zifite ubukungu kurusha ibigo bikoresha gaze. Muri Alberta, igiciro cy’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba gisa n'icy'ibice bya gaze bitarimo ibiciro bya karubone, nyamara rwose bizaba biri munsi y'ibyashyizweho na gaze mu 2023.

Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira, ibishobora kuvugururwa + imirimo yo kubika umwanya bimaze guhatanwa ibiciro hamwe nibikoresho byose bikoreshwa na gaze. Muri utwo turere twombi, gaze karemano ije mu bimera bikuru ubu ihenze cyane kubyara kuruta izuba + umwanya wabitswe cyangwa umwanya w’ububiko bw’umuyaga + ku kigero cyo gukoresha ingufu (LCOE).

Hagati aho, muri Alberta, imvange zose zishobora kuvugururwa ndetse n’ahantu ho guhunika birhendutse kuruta gaze karemano usibye izuba ndetse n’amasaha 8 y’ububiko, byahanuwe guhera mu ntangiriro za 2024, bizaba munsi y’ibikorwa by’amashanyarazi asanzwe.

Ibihe bisa na Ontario, nubwo izuba kimwe na sisitemu yo kubika bikemura inzitizi nziza zijyanye no kugereranya ibiciro hamwe na gaze.

Raporo y’ubushakashatsi yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ishyirahamwe ry’imyubakire y’ingufu zo muri Kanada mu Kwakira mu 2015, mu 2035, Kanada igomba gusohora amafaranga 8GW kugeza kuri 13GW yo kubika ingufu kugira ngo interineti yayo idafite intego. Kuva mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2015, muri Kanada hasohotse 1GW ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi.

Guverinoma ya Ontario mu byukuri yafashe ingamba zo kwanga gushyiraho intego yo kohereza ingufu zingana na 2.5 GW. Mbere yibyo, umushoferi wigenga w’amashanyarazi wa Ontario (IESO) yavuze ko kubika ingufu za gride bigomba kugira uruhare runini mu gufasha gukemura ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amashanyarazi uko bikenewe. Nubwo bimeze bityo, iyi ntego ibaho icyarimwe hamwe na 1.5 GW yo kugura gazi.

Ku rwego rw'igihugu, guverinoma ya Kanada yavuze ko ishaka gushyiraho gahunda yo gushimangira inguzanyo yo gutanga imisoro ku nyungu z’ikoranabuhanga rifite ingufu zisukuye, zigizwe n'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za batiri ndetse na hydrogène. Igikorwa ku itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga.

Itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga ryaguye ibihembo by’imisoro itunganijwe neza kandi bigatanga abandi, kimwe mu byingenzi muri byo ni amanota y’inguzanyo y’imisoro y’inguzanyo (ITC) kuri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zonyine zonyine, bizafasha ahantu hujuje ibyangombwa Amafaranga yo gushora imari mu mishinga y’amashanyarazi ashobora kugabanuka hejuru ya 30%.