Isubirwamo + ibikorwa byo kubika ingufu bisaba guhangana cyane kubyara gaze gasanzwe

Umuyaga wongeyeho-kubika hamwe n’izuba-wongeyeho-kubika-byoherejwe muri Ontario na Alberta muri iki gihe birushanwe na gaze gasanzwe, nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Clean Power Canada

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe, akazi ka kaminuza ya Simon Fraser yo muri Columbiya y’Ubwongereza, bwategetse impuguke za Dunsky Power + Climate Impuguke gukora ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho bishya by’amashanyarazi kandi birabisohora uyu munsi.

Uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi rukorera muri Alberta, muri Kanada.

Raporo ivuga ko ingufu za peteroli zikomoka ku bimera ari ibisanzwe bitekereza kurema cyangwa gukomera ku kibazo cy’impanga zo muri Kanada z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ndetse n’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro by’ingufu. Raporo yongeyeho ko umuyaga kimwe n’ibigo bitanga ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba byasohotse muri Ontario kimwe na Alberta byiganje, kandi kandi birashobora gukora amashanyarazi ku giciro gito ugereranije n’ibigo bitanga ingufu za gaze.

Impuguke muri Dunsky Energy + Impuguke z’ikirere zasesenguye ibiciro bimwe na bimwe byo kubaka umuyaga ndetse no kubyara izuba muri Ontario na Alberta, ndetse n’igiciro cyo gukomeza ubwoko bwibisekuru byombi hamwe no kubika batiri.

Isuku ry’amashanyarazi Kanada yavuze ko ubushakashatsi ari ingenzi cyane kubera ko intara zombi kugeza ubu zishingiye kuri gaze nk’amavuta y’ibanze kugira ngo yuzuze icyuho mu gutanga ingufu n’ibisabwa. Ontario irabikora kuko ibigo bikoresha ingufu za kirimbuzi bikuze bizasezera, mugihe Alberta ibikora kugirango igabanye gushingira ku mashanyarazi akomoka ku makara.

Kugabanya amafaranga yakoreshejwe, inzira ya karubone irakenewe kugirango Kanada igere ku ntego z’ibidukikije, bigizwe n’umwuka wa zeru uturuka kuri gride mu 2035, mu gihe isoko ry’ingufu zisukuye rikomeza kuba ingenzi mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga.

Hamwe n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi mu nganda kuva ku nyubako ndetse no mu nganda kugeza ku bwikorezi, ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziragenda ziyongera, kandi n'imyanzuro yafashwe uyu munsi yerekeye itegurwa ry'amashanyarazi izagira ingaruka mu myaka iri imbere.

Iyi nyandiko ivuga ko gukomeza iterambere ry’iterambere ry’ububiko bwa kijyambere kimwe n’ubundi buryo, usibye gutera inkunga abashoramari gushora imari mu mirasire y’izuba n’umuyaga, ni ngombwa mu gukuraho inzitizi zibangamira ingufu z’amashanyarazi.

Guverinoma ya Kanada ndetse n’ibikorwa remezo bigomba kongera kugura n’ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku nyubako zishobora kubyazwa umusaruro, nk'uko iyi nyandiko ibigaragaza, ivuga ko raporo y’ubuyobozi bushinzwe kugenzura ingufu za Alberta muri iki gihe raporo y’igihe kirekire yakoresheje yifashishije ibiciro bitagikoreshwa mu mwaka wa 2018.

Dunsky Power + Abajyanama b’ikirere bakoresheje igiciro cy’ingufu zingana (LCOE) kugirango basuzume ibiciro byubuzima bwibintu bishya bishya muri Ontario kimwe na Alberta.

Raporo igereranya igiciro cy’ingufu zingana (LCOE) ku zuba n’umuyaga hamwe na turbine ya gazi ihuriweho hamwe (CCGT) kimwe n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu zingana (LCOE) ku zuba kimwe n’umuyaga) byabazwe kandi bigereranywa, ndetse n’igiciro cy’ingufu zingana (LCOE) cya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu mu gihe cy’amasaha 4 n’amasaha 8 ugereranije n’uruganda rukora gaze.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko iyo harebwa ibipimo bya karubone biriho, igiciro cyo kohereza izuba kimwe n’ingufu z'umuyaga mu ntara zombi biri munsi ya gaze. Ndetse nta gipimo cya karubone. Muri Ontario, ingufu z'umuyaga nazo zifite ubukungu kurusha ibigo bikoresha gaze. Muri Alberta, igiciro cy’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba kimeze nk'icy'ibice bya gaze nta giciro cya karubone, nyamara rwose bizaba biri munsi y'ibyashyizweho na gaze mu 2023.

Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira, ibishobora kuvugururwa + imirimo yo kubika umwanya bimaze guhatanwa-hamwe nibikoresho byose bikoreshwa na gaze. Muri utwo turere twombi, gaze karemano ije mu bimera bikuru ubu ihenze cyane kubyara kuruta izuba + umwanya wabitswe cyangwa umwanya w’ububiko bw’umuyaga + ku kigero cyo gukoresha ingufu (LCOE).

Hagati aho, muri Alberta, imvange zose zishobora kuvugururwa ndetse n’ahantu ho guhunika birhendutse kuruta gaze karemano usibye izuba ndetse n’amasaha 8 y’ububiko, byahanuwe guhera mu ntangiriro za 2024, bizaba munsi y’ibikorwa by’amashanyarazi asanzwe.

Ibintu bisa na Ontario, nubwo izuba kimwe nuburyo bwo kubika umwanya bikemura inzitizi nziza zijyanye no kugereranya ibiciro hamwe na gaze.

Raporo y’ubushakashatsi yashyizwe ahagaragara n’ishyirahamwe ry’imyubakire y’ingufu zo muri Kanada mu Kwakira mu 2015, mu 2035, Kanada igomba gusohora amafaranga 8GW kugeza kuri 13GW yo kubika ingufu kugira ngo interineti yayo idafite intego. Kuva mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2015, muri Kanada hasohotse munsi ya 1GW y'ububiko bw'amashanyarazi.

Guverinoma ya Ontario mu byukuri yafashe ingamba zo kwanga gushyiraho intego yo kohereza ingufu zingana na 2.5 GW. Mbere yibyo, umushoferi wigenga w’amashanyarazi wa Ontario (IESO) yatanze igitekerezo ko kubika ingufu za gride bigomba kugira uruhare runini mugufasha gukemura ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amashanyarazi uko bikenewe. Nubwo bimeze bityo, iyi ntego ibaho icyarimwe hamwe na 1.5 GW yo kugura gazi.

Ku rwego rw'igihugu, guverinoma ya Kanada yavuze ko ishaka gushyiraho gahunda yo gushimangira inguzanyo yo gutanga imisoro ku bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga rifite ingufu zisukuye, rigizwe n'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za batiri ndetse n'ibigo bitanga ingufu za hydrogène. Igikorwa ku itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga.

Itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga ryaguye igihembo cy’imisoro itunganijwe neza kandi kigatanga abandi, kimwe muri byo kikaba ari icy'ingenzi muri byo ni amanota y’inguzanyo y’imari y’imari (ITC) kuri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zonyine zonyine, izafasha ahantu ho kubika ibyangombwa Igiciro cy’ishoramari ry’imishinga y’amashanyarazi gishobora kugabanywa hejuru ya 30%.