Reba: 0 Umwanditsi: Muhinduzi wurubuga Gutangaza Igihe: 2022-07-20 Inkomoko: Urubuga
Ku ya 9 Werurwe, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wavuze ko intego ya GW 1.000 izashyirwaho mu 2030 ishobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe iterambere ryihuse. Dukurikije 'Isoko rya Photovoltaic Market Outlook 2021-2025 ' ryashyizwe ahagaragara na SolarPowerEurope, ubushobozi bw’amafoto y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi buzagera kuri 672GW mu 2030, ibyo bikaba bihwanye n’ubusanzwe buri mwaka hashyirwaho ubushobozi bwa 56.3 GW mu myaka icyenda iri imbere. Intego yariyongereye igera kuri 1TW kuriyi nshuro, bivuze ko ubushobozi busanzwe buri mwaka bwashyizweho buzagera kuri 92.8 GW, biteganijwe ko izamuka kuri 65%. Isoko rishya ry'amashanyarazi rizakomeza kwagurwa bitewe n’ibikenewe cyane ku mutungo ushobora kongera ingufu mu Burayi bitewe no gushingira ku mbaraga zisanzwe.
Nk’uko ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA) kibitangaza ngo muri Mutarama 2022, Uburusiya bwashyizeho peteroli igera kuri miliyoni 11.3 buri munsi, ikaba iya kabiri muri Amerika ndetse no muri Arabiya Sawudite. Ku bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, mu Kuboza 2021, Uburusiya bwohereza peteroli mu Burusiya bwagombaga gukorana na barriyoni miliyoni 7.8 buri munsi, kimwe na peteroli ndetse n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byagereranyaga hafi 25% by’umwuga mpuzamahanga wohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, mu gihe Uburayi ari bwo bwambere mu bihugu byoherezwa mu mahanga ingufu z’Uburusiya. Uburusiya bwohereza peteroli na gaze mu Burayi bingana na 50% ndetse na 78% by’Uburusiya byohereza mu mahanga cyane cyane.
Uburusiya n’ikidendezi cy’ingufu z’Uburayi, kandi ibihugu by’Uburayi bifite urwego rutandukanye rwo kwishingikiriza ku Burusiya. Buligariya itumiza hafi 100%, Polonye itumiza hafi 80% ya gaze, kimwe n'Ububiligi, Ubufaransa ndetse n'Ubuholandi bitarenze 10%. Mu Gushyingo 2021, Uburayi bwatumije mu Burusiya hafi miliyoni 4.5 za peteroli ya peteroli mu Burusiya, bingana na 34% by’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga. Mu 2021, uruganda rukora gaze mu Burusiya ruzagera ku nyandiko ya metero kibe miliyari 762.8, umwaka ushize uzamuka 10%, uwa 2 gusa muri Amerika. Ku bijyanye na kimwe cya gatatu (metero kare 245) zoherezwa mu mahanga, muri byo 70 kugeza 80% bya gaze bijya mu Burayi, bitanga metero kibe miliyari 168 za gaze mu Burayi, bingana na kimwe cya gatatu cy’ibikenewe byose.
Dufatiye ku gufata ingufu z’ibihugu by’i Burayi, peteroli na gaze bigizwe na 59% by’ingufu zose zikoreshwa mu Burayi, hamwe na peteroli bangana na 33.8% ndetse na gaze gasanzwe ikaba 25.2%. Inkomoko ya 3 nini yingufu zingana na 12.2%; umutungo ushobora kuvugururwa uhwanye na 11.5%, nicyo kigereranyo kinini cyingufu zishobora kongera ingufu kwisi; ingufu za kirimbuzi kandi n’amashanyarazi bigereranya 9,6% kimwe na 7.5%. Mu myaka mike ishize, ishoramari ry’amafaranga mu bicanwa biva mu Burayi mu by'ukuri ryaragabanutse, bituma ibihugu bimwe by’Uburayi bifunga amashanyarazi akoreshwa n’amakara ndetse n’inganda zimwe na zimwe za nucleaire. Muri icyo gihe, promo y’ingufu zishobora gukomeza kwiyongera, kandi n’ikibazo cy’ingufu mu Burayi cyarushijeho gukomera mu nzira yo guhindura ingufu. Byarangiye byerekanwe kurugamba rwu Burusiya na Ukraine.
Nk’uko TrendForce ibitangaza, ibiciro by'amashanyarazi mu Burayi byazamutse mu mwaka wa 2015 kimwe no kwiyongera mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka wa 2021. Guhera muri Gashyantare 2022, igipimo gisanzwe cy'amashanyarazi mu bihugu bikomeye by’Uburayi cyarenze amayero 300 kuri MWh, ugereranije n’amayero atarenga 50 kuri MWh mu gihe kimwe cyane muri 2019. TrendForce yizera ko ingufu zikenewe mu Burayi kubera ko ingufu zikomoka ku mashanyarazi zikenewe mu gihe cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi, bityo ingufu zikaba zikenewe mu bihugu by’Uburayi, bityo ingufu zikaba zikenewe mu bihugu by’Uburayi, bityo ingufu zikaba zikenewe mu Burayi, kuko ingufu z’amashanyarazi zikenewe mu gihe cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi, bityo ingufu zikaba zikenewe mu bihugu by’Uburayi, bityo ingufu zikaba zikenewe mu bihugu by’Uburayi, bityo ingufu zikaba zikenewe mu bihugu by’Uburayi, bityo ingufu zikaba zikenewe mu Burayi, bityo ingufu zikaba zikenewe mu Burayi, bityo ingufu zikaba zikenewe mu Burayi, bityo ingufu zikaba zikenewe mu bihugu by’Uburayi, bityo ingufu zikaba zikoreshwa mu Burayi. isoko rishya ry'ingufu.
Intego za gahunda: Uburayi buri gihe bwagize uruhare runini mu gushyiraho politiki nshya y’ingufu, kandi ibihugu bitandukanye byasabye intego z’iterambere ry’imitungo ishobora kuvugururwa. Hamwe n’intambara y’Uburusiya na Ukraine, ubwiyongere bw’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu Burayi ni byinshi kuri gahunda. Ku ya 8 Werurwe, Indishyi z’ibihugu by’i Burayi zashyize ahagaragara igishushanyo mbonera cy’ingufu zo kwigira, ikora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ikureho ituruka ku bicuruzwa bituruka mu Burusiya bitumizwa mu mahanga bitarenze 2030, guhera kuri gaze gasanzwe. Gahunda y'ibikorwa yitwa 'Igikorwa gihuriweho ku Bihendutse, Umutekano ndetse n’ingufu zirambye mu Burayi '. Ku ya 9 Werurwe, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wasohoye akanyamakuru ka RePower EU, kagamije gukemura ibibazo by’umutekano w’ingufu n’inzitizi z’ibiciro Uburayi bukemura ubu. Ingamba zerekana ko intego ya 2030 ya 1.000 GW yizuba ryizuba rishobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe iterambere ryiyongera.
Muri icyo gihe, ubuyobozi bw’ibidukikije bw’Ubudage bwasabye umushinga w’amabwiriza mashya kugira ngo uteze imbere intego yo kongera umusaruro w’amashanyarazi 100% kugeza mu 2035, imyaka 15 mbere ugereranyije n’intego zabanje. Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urateganya kandi kwihutisha ingamba zayo zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere 55, byatangijwe ku ya 14 Nyakanga 2021, harimo icyifuzo cyo gushyiraho amasaha 15 ya terawatt y’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba muri uyu mwaka.
Igiciro cyo kwinjira mu mashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi kizamuka uko umwaka utashye: izamuka ry’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi mu Burayi mu 2021 biterwa n'izamuka rya peteroli ndetse n’ibiciro bya gaze bisanzwe ku ruhande rumwe; Dufashe urugero rwamashanyarazi yumuriro nkurugero, bitewe nibihe bigaragara ibihe bitewe nimpamvu zumucyo, amashanyarazi asanzwe yizuba buri kwezi kuva Ukwakira kugeza Gashyantare kurutonde rwumwaka uri munsi ya 50% yibyo mumezi atandukanye. Nubwo ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwamafoto yuburayi biziyongera rwose mumwaka wa 2021, kugabanuka kwingufu zizuba ryizuba mugihe cyitumba ntabwo bizafasha cyane mukugabanya ikibazo cyo kubura amashanyarazi. Amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi kimwe n’amashanyarazi y’umuyaga nayo yibasiwe cyane n’ikirere, kandi kugabanuka kwayo bishobora gutuma ingufu zose zigabanuka. Nk’uko TrendForce ibitangaza, kubera ingaruka z’ibihe mu ntangiriro za 2022, urumuri rw’amashanyarazi cyangwa amashanyarazi rwa pv rwaragabanutse, ndetse n’umutungo w’amashanyarazi ushobora kongera ingufu mu Burayi ntabwo ari munini muri Gashyantare, ndetse bikaba biteganijwe ko uzamuka cyane muri Werurwe.
Amakuru aturuka muri SolarPower Europe (SPE) avuga ko ubushobozi bwa PV bushya bwashyizweho mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu 2021 buzaba bugera kuri 25.9 GW, buri mwaka ukaba wiyongereyeho 34% ugereranije na 19.3 GW muri 2020, ugashyiraho inyandiko nshya y’ibikorwa by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Kugeza ubu, ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwamafoto y’amashanyarazi mu Burayi bugeze kuri 164.9 GW, bugizwe na GW 59.9 mu Budage ndetse na 22GW mu Butaliyani.
Amashanyarazi mashya ashobora kubyara ingufu afite ingaruka nziza kuri sisitemu yuburayi. Ukurikije uburyo bwo kugena ibiciro ku isoko ry’ingufu z’i Burayi, ingufu z’amashanyarazi zishobora gutangwa zihabwa umwanya wa mbere kuri gride. Mugihe amashanyarazi ashobora kuvugururwa adashobora guhaza ingufu z'amashanyarazi akenewe, igiciro cyo kubyara amashanyarazi kizaba gihenze cyane. imbaraga. Muri iki gihe, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zishobora kongera ingufu mu Burayi ntizishobora guhaza ibyifuzo byinshi ku isoko. Ibiciro bya peteroli na gaze bijya murwego rwo hejuru biturutse ku ntambara yo mu Burusiya na Ukraine. Biragoye ko ibiciro byamashanyarazi byi Burayi bigabanuka. Mu gihe kirekire, niba Uburayi bwifuza gushyigikira isoko ry’amashanyarazi, ku ruhande rumwe, bugomba kwihutisha impinduka z’amashanyarazi, kuzamura igiciro cy’imikoreshereze y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, kandi bukanagena gahunda y’amashanyarazi ako kanya
Muri 2022, ibikenerwa byubushakashatsi bwa PV mubihugu byu Burayi bizakomeza gukomera, bigere kuri 37.3 GW. Dufatiye ku masoko menshi yo mu Burayi, Ubudage, Ubuholandi, Espanye, n'Ubufaransa biracyafite ibihugu bikeneye cyane. Hamwe nogutezimbere ingufu za gahunda yo gushishikarizwa ndetse no gutanga amasoko, amasoko yo mubutaliyani, Porutugali, Ubugereki ndetse n’Ubwongereza azahinduka ibihugu byiyongera cyane ku isoko ry’Uburayi mu 2022. Nk’uko TrendForce ibivuga, ubushobozi rusange bwashyizweho mu Burayi rwose buzagera kuri 37.3 GW mu 2022, izamuka rya 22% ugereranije na 2021, kandi n’isoko rya GW rishyizwe hamwe na 9%.
Gukenera ingufu zicyatsi muburayi biriyongera cyane, kandi kwinjiza ibintu muri 2021 rwose biziyongera cyane. Urebye ku bicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga ndetse no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu 2021, ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu bihugu by’Uburayi nk’Ubuholandi bwazamutse cyane ugereranije n’umwaka wa 2015. Mu 2021, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga rwose bizaba 100,6 GW, muri byo Ubuholandi nicyo gihugu gifite umubare munini w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Module itumizwa mu 2021 izaba hafi 25GW, izamuka 93% guhera 2020.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko igipimo gisanzwe cyohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa mu 2021 kizamuka rwose 10,6% ugereranije na 2020, nyamara ntibizagira ingaruka ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Kuva mu Kuboza 2021, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byanze bikunze biziyongera 14% ukwezi-ukwezi kimwe na 45% umwaka-ku-mwaka.
Muri 2022, ubushobozi bwuzuye bwuzuye muburayi buzagera kuri 37.3 GW. Muri icyo gihe, kubera ko Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi utanga ingamba nyinshi za politiki zo kwihutisha gusobanukirwa n’izuba rya 1000GW ryashyizeho intego y’ubushobozi mu 2030, biteganijwe ko isoko ry’ibihugu by’Uburayi rishobora kongera iterambere. Birakwiye ko tuzirikana ko mugihe gikenewe cyane mu Burayi, biteganijwe ko Uburayi buzarushaho kwemeza ibiciro by’izuba, ndetse no kuba hari isoko ry’umuzenguruko w’ibihugu by’i Burayi, hashobora kwemezwa ko ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga by’amafoto y’amashanyarazi mu Burayi byanze bikunze bizakomeza kuba umubare rusange muri 2022. Ibiciro byiyongera.
Nubwo igipimo cy’abinjira muri iki gihe cy’ibishobora kuvugururwa mu Burayi ari gito, gifite ahantu hanini ho kwiteza imbere mu bihe byakurikiyeho kandi ni nacyo gice cyingenzi cyo kongera ingufu z'ejo hazaza.
