BIPV na BAPV: Uruhare rwuzuzanya mu nyubako za Photovoltaque

Ubwubatsi bwa Photovoltaque (PV) burashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bushingiye kurwego rwo guhuza moderi ya PV: Inyubako ifatanye na PV (BAPV) na Inyubako ihuriweho na PV (BIPV) . Nubwo BIPV ifite ibyiza bimwe mubijyanye nigiciro nigikorwa, iterambere ryayo riracyari mubyiciro byambere. BAPV, ishobora gushyirwaho muburyo butaziguye ku nyubako zisanzwe, ikomeza kuba uburyo rusange. Ugereranije n’amasoko yo hanze, ibikorwa bya BIPV mu Buyapani, Ubufaransa, Ubutaliyani, na Amerika byageze kuri 3GW, 2.7GW, 2.5GW, na 0.6GW, mu gihe mu Bushinwa, byari 0.7GW gusa muri 2020, byerekana ko bishoboka ko BIPV yinjira mu gihe kiri imbere . Byongeye kandi, ukurikije icyitegererezo cyubucuruzi, BAPV igumana ibintu byinshi biranga ibicuruzwa bya PV, hamwe nimishinga iyobowe namasosiyete akora PV. Ku rundi ruhande, BIPV ifitanye isano rya hafi na gahunda rusange yo kubaka, ishingiye cyane ku bushobozi bwa EPC bw’amasosiyete y’ubwubatsi, bityo bizana amahirwe mashya yo gukura mu rwego rw’ubwubatsi. Muri rusange, BAPV na BIPV byuzuzanya imbaraga nintege nke za mugenzi we, bitanga amahirwe menshi yo gukura kubakora inganda za PV hamwe n’ibigo byubwubatsi mu nganda zubaka PV.

Kugereranya Uburyo bwo Kwishyiriraho: Inyubako-Ifatanye na Photovoltaic (BAPV) na Inyubako-Ifoto Yuzuye (BIPV)

Porogaramu ya Photovoltaque (PV) mu nyubako yerekana imipaka mishya yo kubyara ingufu z'izuba. Iri koranabuhanga rihuza sisitemu ya PV nuburyo bwo hanze yinyubako, kuzamura ingufu no kugabanya imikoreshereze, bikagira uruhare rukomeye mugushikira inyubako zidafite ingufu nke. 

Ukurikije urwego rwo kwishyira hamwe, kubaka sisitemu ya PV birashobora gushyirwa mubice bibiri:

① Inyubako-Ifatanye na Photovoltaic (BAPV): Ibi bivuga sisitemu ya PV yashyizwe ku nyubako zisanzwe, ikoresha ahantu hatagira ingufu kugirango habeho ingufu. BAPV isanzwe ikoreshwa muguhindura imiterere ihari.

② Inyubako-Ifite Photovoltaic (BIPV): Ibi birimo sisitemu ya PV ikorerwa icyarimwe, yubatswe, kandi yashyizwemo ninyubako ubwayo, igahuza hamwe nuburyo inyubako. Sisitemu ya BIPV ntabwo itanga amashanyarazi gusa ahubwo inagira uruhare mubyiza byububiko.

Kugereranya Uburyo bwubwubatsi:

AP BAPV: Mubisanzwe, sisitemu ya BAPV ikoresha utwugarizo twihariye kugirango umutekano wa PV uhindurwe muburyo busanzwe bwubaka. Izi sisitemu zikora cyane cyane umurimo wo kubyara ingufu zitagize ingaruka kubikorwa byumwimerere byinyubako, kandi bifatwa nk 'inyubako yubwoko ' inyubako yizuba PV.

IP BIPV: Sisitemu ya BIPV ikubiyemo uburyo bumwe bwo kubaka no gushora imari, aho ibikoresho bya sisitemu ya PV bifasha, moderi ya PV, nibindi bikoresho byamashanyarazi bishyirwaho mugihe cyubwubatsi. Sisitemu ya BIPV ntabwo itanga amashanyarazi gusa ahubwo isimbuza ibikoresho bisanzwe byubaka, ikora nkibigize imiterere kandi ikuzuza ibisabwa byinyubako.

Inyungu zuzuye nibibi bya BAPV na BIPV, hamwe na BIPV itanga inyungu zikomeye mubukungu

Kubaka-bifatanye na Photovoltaic (BAPV) hamwe na sisitemu yububiko-Bwuzuye (BIPV) bifite imbaraga zuzuzanya nintege nke. BIPV muri rusange ni ubukungu. Ukurikije imibare yumushinga wububiko bwuruganda umushinga wa Polaris Solar PV Network , ukoresheje a Sisitemu yo hejuru ya BIPV irashobora kuzigama amafaranga 164 kuri metero kare mugiciro cyibikoresho. Byongeye kandi, Sisitemu ya BIPV ifite igishushanyo mbonera cyimyaka irenga 50, gitanga inyungu zubukungu zuzuye. Kugereranya byihariye ni ibi bikurikira:

1) Kubaka Ubwiza

· BIPV: Nka sisitemu ihuriweho na Photovoltaque, BIPV yinjijwe muburyo rusange bwububiko, bivamo inyubako nziza kandi ishimishije.

· BAPV: Kuba sisitemu ivuguruye, BAPV yongeweho nyuma yubwubatsi, biganisha ku kugaragara neza.

2) Kwikorera imitwaro yo hejuru

· BIPV: Igisenge mu nyubako za BIPV nuburyo bworoshye bwo kwikorera imitwaro, hamwe no gukwirakwiza imbaraga, kurinda umutekano muke.

· BAPV: Bitewe nuburyo bwahinduwe, igisenge muri sisitemu ya BAPV gihura nuburyo bugoye bwo gupakira, ibyo, mugihe cyumuyaga muremure wumuyaga no guhindura ibintu, bishobora gutera ingaruka zumunaniro zishobora guhungabanya umutekano wubatswe.

3) Kwirinda amazi

· BIPV: Koresha ibirahuri bya hydrophobi ibirahuri bifatanije numuyoboro wingenzi wamazi, kashe itagira amazi, nibindi bikoresho kugirango habeho uburyo bwuzuye bwo kuvoma igisenge. Modular ikomatanya yimiterere yinzu, kumurika, hamwe na skylight band irashobora kugera kubikorwa byiza byo kwirinda amazi.

· BAPV: Ntabwo isanzwe itanga amazi; yishingikiriza hejuru yinzu kugirango igire ubushobozi buhagije bwo kwirinda amazi.

4) Ingorane zo Kubaka

· BIPV: Nkibintu byingenzi byubatswe, BIPV igomba kuba yujuje ubuziranenge bwo kwirinda amazi, gukumira, nibindi bipimo byubaka, bigatuma kwishyiriraho bigorana.

· BAPV: Harimo kongeramo gusa ibice bya PV kurisenge ihari, bigatuma igenamigambi risa neza.

5) Gukora no Kubungabunga

· BIPV: Ibisenge byakozwe hamwe na moderi ya PV isanzwe, ariko kubungabunga bisaba ko imirimo yo gusakara ikomeza kuba ntamakemwa, ibyo bikaba byongera ibikorwa bigoye no kubungabunga.

· BAPV: Kubungabunga birashobora gukorwa neza hejuru yinzu hejuru yo gusenya no kuyiteranya byoroshye, bigatuma ibikorwa no kubungabunga bitagorana.

BIPV na BAPV: Kugereranya ibiciro byuzuye

Kugereranya ltems	Sisitemu ya BIPV	Sisitemu ya BAPV
Aluminium-magnesium-manganese Ikibaho	/	Harimo vertical vertical-edge aluminium-magnesium-manganese ibisenge byamazu hamwe na aluminiyumu alloy T-ubwoko, hafi ￥ 200 / ㎡
Ibikoresho bya sisitemu	Harimo gushyigikira inkono yoroheje ya kampora, imirongo ya aluminiyumu, imirongo yo gufunga reberi, gukosora, nibindi nka ￥ 0.6 / W * 120W / ㎡ = ￥ 72	Harimo clamps, kuyobora inzira, gukosora, nibindi hafi ￥ 0.3 / W * 120W / ㎡ = ￥ 36
Photovoltaic Power Generation Module unit Board	Harimo panne ya Photovoltaque na Ming alloy frame, hafi 120W / ㎡ '* ￥ 2.8 / W = ￥ 336	Harimo panne ya Photovoltaque na Ming alloy frame, hafi 120W / ㎡ * ￥ 2.8 / W = ￥ 336
Igiciro Cyuzuye (igiciro cyibikoresho)	Ibikoresho bya sisitemu + ibikoresho bifotora byerekana amashanyarazi = ￥ 408 / ㎡	Aluminium-magnesium-manganese ibisenge by'ibisenge + Ibikoresho bya sisitemu ya bracket + ifoto yumuriro w'amashanyarazi yibikoresho = ￥ 572 / ㎡
Igiciro cyibice (Yuan / metero kare)	408	572
Umwanzuro	Gukoresha inyubako ya Photovoltaque ihuriweho nigisenge gishobora kubika ibikoresho ￥ 160 / ㎡

Amakuru ya  Polaris Solar PV Umuyoboro

BIPV na BAPV

Kugereranya ltems	Sisitemu ya BIPV	Sisitemu ya BAPV
Inyubako igaragara	Yinjijwe mubishushanyo mbonera byinyubako, udatakaje ubwiza	Gutinda kwishyiriraho, ubunyangamugayo bubi
Shushanya Ubuzima	Ubuzima bushobora kugera ku myaka irenga 50	Imyaka 20-25
Stress	Igisenge ni igisenge cyoroshye gifite ibibazo byubaka kandi bifite umutekano muke	Guhangayikishwa cyane, umutwaro muremure wumuyaga no guhindura ibintu bishobora gutanga ingaruka zumunaniro, bikagira ingaruka kumutekano wubatswe
Amashanyarazi	Svstem yo kumena igisenge ikorwa na panne ya hydrophobique yibirahure, ibigega nyamukuru byamazi. Ikidodo kitagira amazi, nibindi.	Ntibikenewe gutanga ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi, gusa igisenge gihari gikeneye kugira ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi
Ingorane zo Kubaka	Hiah kwishyiriraho neza, ikora ibisenge bitarinda amazi, kubika ubushyuhe nibindi bikorwa, kandi bifite ikibazo gikomeye cyo kubaka	Kubaka mubice bibiri, ingorane nke mugushiraho ibice
Gukora no Kubungabunga	Igisenge cyateganijwe kandi gishyirwaho hamwe na module imwe ya module nkigice kimwe. Mugihe cyo kugenzura no gusana, birakenewe kandi gusuzuma niba imikorere yinzu yarangiye, kandi gukora no kuyitaho biragoye	Birashobora kugenzurwa no gusanwa hejuru yinzu, gusenya no guterana biroroshye, kandi gukora no kubungabunga biroroshye

Amakuru ya Polaris Solar PV Umuyoboro

Sisitemu ya Tekinike: Crystalline Silicon na Thin-Film nkibikoresho byingenzi bigize ibikoresho

Photovoltaic (PV) selile nifatizo zifatizo za sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi. Bashyizwe mubyiciro mubice bya kristaline silicon izuba hamwe na selile yizuba ya firime ishingiye kubikoresho byakoreshejwe. Utugingo ngengabuzima twa Crystalline twiganje ku isoko, mu gihe utugingo ngengabuzima duto duto twitezwe ko tuzinjira cyane bitewe no kwiyongera kwa porogaramu zubaka amafoto.

1) Utugingo ngengabuzima twa Crystalline Silicon:

Ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba za Crystalline zateye imbere mu myaka mirongo ishize, biganisha kuri sisitemu yikoranabuhanga ikuze kandi ikomeza kunoza imikorere y'amashanyarazi. Inganda nazo zagutse vuba, zigabanya cyane ibiciro byinganda. Mu nganda za PV ziriho ubu, selile silicon selile ifite hejuru ya 95% byumugabane wisoko kubera inyungu zubukungu bwazanywe nubukungu bwikigereranyo hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo guhindura. Muri byo, selile silicon monocrystalline irangwa nuburyo bwiza bwo guhindura amafoto yumuriro hamwe nigiciro kinini cyo gukora, mugihe selile silicon silicon ifite ubushobozi buke bwo guhindura ariko ntibihendutse kubyara kandi ntibibabazwa no kwangirika kwingirakamaro. Mbere ya 2017, selile polycrystalline yari ifite umugabane ku isoko kugera kuri 73%. Kuva mu 2017, kwinjiza tekinoloji nshya y’umusaruro byagabanije cyane ibiciro by’umusaruro wa silikoni ya monocrystalline, kandi kwiyongera kw’ikoranabuhanga rya PERC byateje imbere cyane imikorere ya silikoni ya monocrystalline, ubu ikaba igera kuri 90% y’isoko ry’akagari ka silikoni.

2) Utugari duto twa firime:

Utugingo ngengabuzima duto cyane tutaragera ku ntera nini ku isoko bitewe n’ubushobozi buke bwo guhinduranya amashanyarazi. Nyamara, bagaragaza imikorere ikomeye-yumucyo, bigatuma bakora cyane kuruta moderi ya kristaline silicon modules zimwe na zimwe zidafite amajyepfo-BAPV / BIPV. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko utugingo ngengabuzima duto duto dufite coefficient nziza yubushyuhe, irashobora gukomeza gukora mubihe byubushyuhe bukabije cyane, bikishyura neza amakosa ya silikoni ya kristaline. Utugingo ngengabuzima twa Crystalline turaboneka cyane cyane mubururu bwimbitse bwubururu nubururu bwerurutse, ibyo bikaba bimwe kandi ntibishobora guhaza amabara atandukanye yinyubako zifotora. Ibinyuranye, selile yoroheje itanga ibyiza byamabara ashobora guhinduka, hamwe nibicuruzwa byamasoko bigezweho hafi ya byose bisanzwe. Byongeye kandi, selile yoroheje ya firime iroroshye cyane, igabanya ingorane zo kubaka hamwe nigiciro cyo gukora ibikoresho byubaka iyo ukoresheje moderi yoroheje ya PV.

Kugereranya silikoni ya kristaline na selile yoroheje ya firime murwego rwo kubaka amafoto

	Crystalline silicon Imirasire y'izuba	Imirasire y'izuba
Imbaraga kuri buri gace	Sitasiyo ya kirisiti ya silicon ifotora ifite igisenge cya metero kare 1.000 ifite ubushobozi bwa kilo 100.	Amashanyarazi yoroheje yerekana amashanyarazi afite igisenge cya metero kare 1.000 afite ubushobozi bwa kilo 70.
Imikorere Mucyo	Imirasire y'izuba ya Crystalline ifite imikorere mike-yoroheje. Kurugero, mumujyi wamajyepfo yUbushinwa, moderi ya kirisiti ya silicon PV yashyizweho ireba mu majyepfo igana 59% gusa yubushobozi bwabo ntarengwa bwumucyo.	Imirasire y'izuba ntoya ifite imbaraga nkeya-yumucyo kandi ntabwo yunvikana kuruhande. Zibyara amashanyarazi igihe kirekire mubihe bito bito ugereranije na selile ya silicon ya kristaline, bigatuma bikenerwa cyane no gushyirwaho bitarebera mu majyepfo, inkuta z'umwenda, hamwe n'imishinga ya BlPV mu turere twijimye cyangwa hakonje.
Coefficient yubushyuhe	Coefficient yubushyuhe iri hejuru cyane. Iyo ubushyuhe bwo gukora burenze 25 ° c, ingufu ntarengwa zagabanutseho 0.40-0.45% kuri buri kwiyongera kwa 1 ° c.	Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe buri hasi cyane, Iyo ubushyuhe bwo gukora burenze 25 ℃, ingufu ntarengwa zigabanuka 0.19-0.21% gusa kuri buri 1 ° C kwiyongera.
Amabara atandukanye	Amahitamo y'amabara ari mubicucu cyubururu, nkubururu bwimbitse nubururu bwerurutse.	Moderi yoroheje irashobora gukorwa mumabara atandukanye nkuko bikenewe.
Uburemere bw'icyiciro	Module iraremereye.	Biroroshye cyane, kugabanya ingorane zo kubaka igisenge nibiciro. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, iyo bikoreshejwe murukuta rwimyenda, moderi yoroheje ya Py modules isaba ubufasha buke bwubaka kandi igatanga amafaranga make ugereranije na sisitemu ya silicon.

Inkomoko muri 2021 Crystalline silicon, thin-firime na perovskite BIPV ikorana buhanga hamwe nihuriro ryisoko

Muri rusange, sisitemu ya kristaline na sisitemu ya tekinoroji yoroheje ifite uruhare rwuzuzanya mubijyanye ninyubako zifotora. Tekinoroji ya firime ntoya ifite inyungu zinyuranye mumishinga yihariye yo kubaka amashanyarazi, nkibisenge bitarebera mu majyepfo, ibisenge byumwenda hamwe na sisitemu yabigenewe. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2018 n’ikigo cya Fraunhofer gishinzwe imirasire y’izuba mu Budage ku mishinga y’iburayi BIPV , hafi 90% y’imishinga yo mu gisenge BIPV ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya silisiki ya silicon, mu gihe hafi 56% y’imishinga ya BIPV ya façade ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rito.

Itondekanya nibiranga sisitemu yingenzi ya tekiniki ya selile yifotora

Sisitemu y'Ikoranabuhanga	Ibikoresho byihariye	Guhindura Amafoto meza	Ibyiza	Ingaruka
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells	Monocrystalline silicon	16% - 18%	Kuramba kuramba (muri rusange kugeza kumyaka 20-30), gukora neza amashanyarazi	Igiciro kinini cyo gukora, igihe kirekire cyo gukora, imikorere mibi-yoroheje
	Polycrystalline silicon	14% - 16%	Umucyo mwinshi mwinshi, igiciro gito, umusaruro woroshye, kandi nta kugabanuka kugaragara kugaragara	Imikorere mibi yumucyo mwinshi
Imirasire y'izuba	Amorphous silicon	6% - 9%	Ikoranabuhanga rikuze, urwego ruto rwo gukora	Guhindura ifoto yamashanyarazi ntarengwa
	Umuringa indium gallium selenide (ClGS)	11%	Igiciro gito cyumusaruro, umwanda muke, ntagabanuka, imikorere myiza yumucyo muke, uburyo bwiza bwo guhindura amashanyarazi	Ikoranabuhanga ryumva cyane ibipimo fatizo, kandi imiterere iragoye, bisaba gutunganya no gutegura cyane imiterere
	Cadmium telluride (CdTe)	9% - 12%	Igiciro gito cyo gukora, imikorere ihindagurika cyane, coefficient yubushyuhe buke (imikorere myiza kubushyuhe buke), ingaruka nziza-yumucyo	Ubuke bwibikoresho fatizo nuburozi bwa kadmium bisaba sisitemu nini yo gutunganya ibintu, bigatuma porogaramu nini zigoye

Inkomoko yubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa ryamafoto yizuba mu nyubako, Incamake yiterambere ryumuringa indium gallium selenide thin-firime inganda zuba

BAPV (Inyubako-Ifatanye na Photovoltaque) kuri ubu nuburyo nyamukuru bwo kubaka amafoto.

Uhereye ku nganda zigezweho, BAPV ikomeje kuba uburyo bwiganjemo inyubako zifotora. Ibi ahanini biterwa nuko kubaka inyubako nshya bigarukira buri mwaka, kandi ibipimo bya BIPV ntibirashyirwaho neza. Nubwo BIPV iramutse ihiswemo ako kanya, bizatwara imyaka 3-5 kugeza igihe inyubako zigeze kuri capping mbere yuko BIPV ikoreshwa. Ibinyuranye, kuvugurura ibisenge biriho biroroshye byoroshye, kandi ubwinshi bwumutungo uri hejuru yinzu hejuru bituma bikenerwa cyane niterambere ryihuse ryamafoto yatanzwe kuri iki cyiciro.

Ugereranije n’amasoko yo mu mahanga akuze, BIPV ifite imbaraga zikomeye zo kongera kwinjira mubihe biri imbere.

Mu bihugu byateye imbere, kubaka amafoto y’amashanyarazi (BIPV) byatangiye kare, ibihugu byinshi bishyira mu bikorwa politiki zitandukanye zo gushimangira na gahunda z’iterambere guhera mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20. Kurugero, Ubudage, Ubutaliyani, Ubuyapani, na Amerika byose byashyizeho 'Solar PV Roof Programs, ' bishyiraho intego zisobanutse zo kubaka ubushobozi bwo kwishyiriraho PV mumyaka iri imbere. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2018, nk'uko raporo y’umuryango wa BIPVBOOST ibigaragaza, Ubuyapani bwagize umubare munini wa BIPV ushyira ku isi hose, ufite ubushobozi bwa GW 3, bukurikirwa n’Ubufaransa (2.7 GW), Ubutaliyani (2.5 GW), na Amerika (0,6 GW). Ibinyuranye, kwishyiriraho BIPV mubushinwa byari 0.1 GW gusa (hafi 0.7 GW muri 2020).

Iyo ugereranije ubushobozi bwamateka yo kwishyiriraho uturere twateye imbere, ubu Ubushinwa bwuzuye BIPV buringaniye nurwego Ubuyapani n'Uburayi byagezeho hashize imyaka 5 kugeza 10. Iyi nzira yerekana ko isoko mu Bushinwa ritarakura, kandi hari umwanya uhagije wo kwinjira kwa BIPV kwiyongera mu gihe kizaza.