Views: 0 Omuwandiisi: Site Editor Obudde bw'okufulumya: 2023-07-18 Ensibuko: Ekibanja
Akatale akanene mu ggwanga kafunye enkulaakulana ey’amangu, nga kkampuni eziwerako ezitereka amasannyalaze zongedde ku migugu gyazo nga zikozesa eby’obugagga by’emikutu gy’omunda mu ggwanga. Mu 2021, emigugu gy’Abachina egy’okutereka amasannyalaze gyakulemberwa CATL. Emigugu gya PCS egy’okutereka amaanyi nagyo gikuze mangu.
Ekirala, tekinologiya omupya agenda yeeyongera okuvaayo, ekiyamba mu nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera ey’amakolero g’okutereka amaanyi. Amasoboza aga vvulovumenti eya waggulu gawa enkizo ennene mu mbeera z’obusobozi obunene. Amasannyalaze agatereka omuliro gazze gakwata omuliro emirundi mingi, ekivuddeko essira okuteekebwa ku bukuumi bw’okutereka amasannyalaze mu nkola. Okunyogoza amazzi n’ebizigo bya fluorine ketone byonna bifunye okufaayo. Tekinologiya omupya ow’okutereka amaanyi g’amasannyalaze, gamba ng’okutereka bbaatule ya sodium-ion, okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule ezikulukuta amazzi, n’okutereka haidrojeni, bikulaakulanye mangu mu makolero. Tekinologiya omupya ow’okutereka amaanyi g’omubiri, gamba ng’okutereka ekitangaala n’ebbugumu, okutereka amaanyi g’ekisikirize, okutereka empewo enyigirizibwa, n’okutereka amaanyi ga flywheel, agenda kuteekebwa mu nkola mpolampola nga bayita mu pulojekiti ez’okwolesa.
Omukutu gw’amakolero g’okutereka amaanyi gulimu enkolagana ez’enjawulo:
Enkola y’okutereka amaanyi: Eno erimu bbaatule, PCS, BMS, EMS, n’ebitundu ebirala. Abazannyi abakulu mu kitundu kino kuliko CATL, EVE Lithium Energy, Sunshine Power, Nandu Power, Kesta, Kehua Data, BYD, Sunshine Power, Jinlang Technology, n’endala ezirina emirimu mingi emitala w’amayanja.
Engineering EPC, okuzuula okuyungibwa ku mudumu, n’oluvannyuma lw’okukola n’okuddaabiriza: Kkampuni ezeeyoleka mu kitundu kino mulimu South China Technology, Ates, Linyang Energy, Baoguan
Enkola y’ebintu bya bbaatule ebitereka amaanyi okusinga yeetooloola lithium iron phosphate, era bbaatule zigenda zikulaakulana okutuuka ku busobozi obunene.
Okusinziira ku byetaago ebyateekebwawo minisitule y’amakolero ne tekinologiya w’amawulire, amaanyi ga bbaatule ezitereka amaanyi galina okuba ≥145Wh/kg, ate amaanyi ga bbaatule galina okuba ≥110Wh/kg. Obulamu bw’enzirukanya bulina okuba emirundi ≥5,000, ate omuwendo gw’okuddaabiriza obusobozi gulina okuba ≥80%. Okutereka amaanyi g’amasannyalaze naddala tekinologiya w’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule za lithium, kugenda mu maaso n’enkyukakyuka empya. Tekinologiya omupya n’ebintu nga bbaatule ennene, vvulovumenti enkulu, n’okunyogoza amazzi/okunyogoza amazzi bigenda bivaayo mpolampola. Okugatta ku ekyo, bbaatule za sodium-ion ziyinza okufuna enkizo mu kuvuganya mu biseera eby’omu maaso olw’okukendeeza ku nsimbi.
Aba China abakola ebintu bakulembeddemu okusindika obutoffaali obutereka amaanyi mu nsi yonna, nga CATL y’esinga okutunda bbaatule mu nsi yonna. Kiteeberezebwa nti bbaatule ezitereka amaanyi mu nsi yonna mu mwaka gwa 2021 zaali 59.9GWh, nga Ningde Times yakola 16.7GWh, oba 27.9% ku muwendo gwonna. Paineng Technology yasindika 1.5GWh, nga ekola ebitundu 2.6%. Ebintu ebisindikibwa bisuubirwa okutuuka ku 114.9GWh mu 2022, nga bino byeyongedde ebitundu 91.9%, nga Ningde Times ekola 45.0GWh, oba 169.5%. Okusinziira ku kubalirira, kiteeberezebwa nti bbaatule ezitereka amaanyi mu nsi yonna zigenda kutuuka ku 122.5/219.6GWh mu mwaka gwa 2022-2023, ekitegeeza okweyongera kwa 101%/79%. Ningde Times esuubirwa okutwala 50/100GWh ku migugu, ekiraga okweyongera kwa 199%/100%, n’okukuuma ekifo eky’okukulembera.
Mu kisaawe kya tekinologiya wa inverter, omuze gugenda mu maaso n’okuzimba DC 1500V, okudda mu kifo ky’enzimba ya 1000V ey’ennono naddala mu masundiro g’amasannyalaze. Mu mwaka gwa 2021, ebitundu nga 49.4% ku bikozesebwa mu maka ga photovoltaic byakola ku level ya DC voltage, ate akatale ka 1000V kakola 50.6%. Enkola za photovoltaic ezisaasaanyizibwa zikyasinga kukozesa 1000V voltage level. Okugeza, enkola zonna ez’amayumba zikozesa enkola ya 1000V-level, ate 80% ku nkola z’amakolero n’ebyobusuubuzi zikozesa enkola ya 1000V-level.
Enkola y’okutereka amaanyi ga 1500V eraga ebirungi bingi. Ekintu ekikulu ekiva mu nkola ya 1500V ye PCS etereka amaanyi ga 1500V. Bw’ogeraageranya n’enkola ezaaliwo emabega, enkola y’okutereka amaanyi ga 1500V ekuwa okweyongera kwa 35%+ mu density y’amaanyi n’amaanyi, okukendeeza 5%+ mu nsaasaanya y’enkola, n’okweyongera kwa 0.3%+ mu nkola ennungamu. Nga erina konteyina ya ffuuti 40 ne bbaatule ya 280AH, obusobozi obusinga obunene obuteekebwa ku bbaatule ya 1000V buba 3.3MWh, ate enkola ya 1500V esobola okutuuka ku 4.5MWh. Ng’oggyeeko okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ekwatagana ne PCS, bbaatule, n’ebikozesebwa ebiyamba, ssente z’abakozi, omusingi, n’ettaka nazo zikendeera nnyo. Pulojekiti ennene ezikoleddwa gye buvuddeko zaalabye nti omuwendo gwa 1500V oguyingira mu mmotoka gusukka ebitundu bibiri ku bisatu. Abakola ebintu ebikiikirira ebintu mu kitundu kino kuliko Sunshine, Shangneng, ne Kehua, nga Shangneng Electric efuna pulojekiti y’okutereka amasannyalaze ku mutindo gwa MW 500 mu Shandong ng’ekozesa 1500V PCS.
Okukozesa tekinologiya wa inverter kweyongera buli kiseera, era group PCS yeeyongera okuteekebwa mu nkola ku mutendera omunene. Group PCS ekola ku buzibu bw’enkola za PCS eziteekeddwa wakati era esobozesa enkola ennene. Enkola z’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule eziriwo kati okusinga zikozesa PCS eziteekeddwa wakati, ekiyinza okuvaako obutakwatagana wakati w’ebibinja bya bbaatule n’okukozesa obubi bbaatule ezimu. Group string PCS ekkiriza okuddukanya ku ddaala ly’ekibinja, okutumbula obulamu bw’enkola, erongoosa obusobozi bw’okufulumya mu bulamu bwonna, era eraga omuze ogweyongera mu nkola ennene. Pulojekiti ya Huaneng Huangtai eya 100MW/200MWH ye ssundiro ly’amasannyalaze ery’amaanyi erisoose mu China okwettanira enkola ya PCS. Mu ngeri y’emu, pulojekiti ya 3MW/6MWH mu Texas, Shandong, nayo ekozesa enzimba y’enkola eno.
Guodian Investment Oil City Daqing yassa mu nkola enkola ya 200MW ey’okugezesa okutereka amafuta mu maaso. Shangneng Electric yawa inverters ez’enjawulo, omuli 230kW group string inverters, amakumi ga 225kW ne 175kW group string inverters, 3.125MW centralized all-in-one machines, n’ebyuma 3.15MW distributed all-in-one. Inverter ya group string inverter eya 250kW naddala, yakyusa enkola ey’ennono ey’okussaako enkola ya decentralized installation. Olw’enkola ya 1MW integrated platform n’enkola y’okuddukanya emirimu n’okuddaabiriza mu kifo ekimu, kyakendeeza nnyo ku budde n’abakozi ageetaagisa ate nga kirongoosa enkola y’emirimu.
Okugatta tekinologiya w’amawulire ga digito ne tekinologiya w’okutereka amaanyi ag’ekitangaala n’amasoboza, endowooza empya ey’okukola, okukola, mu ngeri ey’amagezi, n’okukola dizayini ya modulo ey’enkola z’okutereka amaanyi evuddeyo. Enkola eno esobozesa enzirukanya erongooseddwa ku mutendera gwa modulo ya bbaatule, ekivaamu okweyongera kw’okufulumya, okukendeeza ku nsengeka ya bbaatule ebitundu 13%, okulongoosa obulamu bwa bbaatule ebitundu 50%, okuteeka ssente mu ngeri ennungi n’okukendeeza ebitundu 30% mu nsengeka esooka, okukola n’okuddaabiriza okutono (okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya y’entambula n’okuddaabiriza obukadde bwa Yuan 50 mu myaka 25), okwongera ku bukuumi n’obutebenkevu (okutuuka ku kwesigika kwa 99% okutuuka ku 99% rate), n’okukendeeza okutwalira awamu okusukka ebitundu 20% mu levelized cost of storage (LCOS) (LCOS) nga bano. Dizayini eno era eyamba okukyuka okuva ku parity ya photovoltaic okudda ku parity y’okutereka amaanyi.
Ekimu ku bizibu kiri nti ssente za PCS ezisaasaanyizibwa mu kiseera kino nnyingi, naye waliwo ekifo ekimala okukendeeza ku bbeeyi. Abakola ebintu ebikiikirira ebintu mu mulimu guno kuliko Huawei, Shangneng, ne Shenghong.
Mu nsonga z’ensengekera y’amasannyalaze aga topology, enteekateeka z’okugatta ez’omutindo gwa vvulovumenti eya waggulu ziwa enkizo ennene eri enkola z’okutereka amaanyi ag’obusobozi obunene.
Nga obusobozi bw’enkola ezigatta okutereka amaanyi bweyongera, enteekateeka y’ennono ey’okulinnya kwa vvulovumenti ey’omuddiring’anwa eyolekedde okusoomoozebwa okuwerako. Ekisooka, obusobozi obunene bwetaaga bbaatule nnyingi, ekyongera obulabe eri obukuumi. Ekirala, omuwendo gw’enzirukanya za bbaatule bwe gweyongera, obutakyukakyuka bw’omulimu mu butoffaali ssekinnoomu bukendeera mpolampola. Ensonga zino zonna awamu zikoma ku busobozi bw’ekyuma kimu obw’enkola eno. Okugatta ku ekyo, ebyuma ebikwatagana bwe byeyongera, empuliziganya ey’okubiri n’okufuga okukwasaganya byeyongera okuzibuwalirwa.
Ebirungi ebiri mu nteekateeka z’okugatta ez’omutindo gwa vvulovumenti eya waggulu ku nkola ez’obusobozi obunene biri mu kugatta kwazo okukwatagana okwa yuniti z’okutereka amaanyi eziwera. Buli kitundu ekitereka amaanyi kifulumya vvulovumenti amakumi okutuuka ku bikumi, nga kiwa vvulovumenti empanvu okusobola okusiba bbaatule mu ngeri ey’enjawulo. Kino kikendeeza ku bunene bwa bbaatule n’omuwendo gwa bbaatule ezeetaagisa, kyongera nnyo ku busobozi bw’enkola ate nga kyongera ku bukuumi.
Mu kiseera kino, kkampuni z’omunda mu ggwanga ezirina tekinologiya wa vvulovumenti eya waggulu kuliko Guodian Nanrui, Jinpan Technology, Zhiguang Electric, Sifang Co., Ltd., ne New Scenery. Kkampuni zino zifulumizza era ne zifuna ebiragiro ebibalirirwamu obukadde bwa Yuan 135.
Mu myaka egiyise, wabaddewo omuliro ogutera okukwata mu masundiro g’amasannyalaze agatereka amaanyi, nga kino kiraga obukulu bw’okufuga ebbugumu, okuddukanya ebbugumu, n’okukuuma omuliro mu nkola z’okutereka amaanyi. Enkola z’amakolero ziteekeddwa mu nkola okukola ku nsonga zino, ekivuddeko okukola amangu enkola y’okutereka amaanyi n’okukuuma omuliro. Lithium ey’ekyuma, eri mu bbaatule za lithium-ion, eraga obusobozi obw’amaanyi era ereeseewo okweraliikirira kw’obukuumi ku nkozesa ya bbaatule za lithium mu kutereka amaanyi. Ebibalo ebitali bituufu biraga nti ebikolwa by’okutereka amasannyalaze ebisoba mu 17 byagwawo mu nsi yonna mu 2022. Eggwanga lyaleeta enkola ezikwata ku kutereka amaanyi n’obukuumi bw’omuliro okuva mu 2021, nga liggumiza obukulu bw’okukuuma omuliro wansi w’omutindo omupya.
Mu kitundu ky’okugatta enkola y’okutereka amaanyi, engeri ez’enjawulo zibeera wamu, era waliwo abazannyi bangi abeenyigira mu kugatta enkola. Mu kiseera kino waliwo modes enkulu ssatu:
Ensengeka y’olujegere lw’amakolero gonna: Amakampuni agakola ku kukola bbaatule, PCS, BMS, EMS, nga BYD, gakiikirira engeri eno mu ggwanga.
Okugatta okw’ekikugu: Enkola eno erimu abagatta abagula ebitundu ebweru era nga bakuguse mu kugatta enkola. Kirina okusaba okutono mu ggwanga kyokka nga kikiikirirwa kkampuni z’ebweru nga DOOSAN ne IHI.
Enkyukakyuka okuva ku bagaba ebyuma okudda ku bagatta enkola: Enkola eno ekozesebwa nnyo mu ggwanga. Kkampuni ezaali zissa essira ku bintu ebitongole, gamba nga abakola inverter ezikola ekitangaala nga Jinlang Technology, Gudewei, ne Deye Technology, abakola okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule z’amasannyalaze nga Energy, Penghui Energy, n’abakola PCS/BMS/EMS nga Jinpan Technology, Cosmald, Ke Shida, Kesta, KOCS, China Data, Baoguang Co., Ltd., Kelu Ebyuma bikalimagezi, bikyuse ne bifuuka ebigatta enkola. Mu katale ka Amerika, abakola ebintu ebikulu ebigatta ebintu bisobola okusangibwa nga bakolera mu mmotoka zonsatule.
Battery za sodium-ion: Enkola ya bizinensi ya bbaatule za sodium-ion egenda mu maaso. Battery za sodium zikola bulungi okusinga bbaatule za lithium ku bbeeyi etali ya ssente nnyingi olw’ebintu bya sodium bingi. Battery za sodium ziraga omutindo gw’okucaajinga amangu (zituuka ku maanyi ga 80% mu ddakiika 15 ku bbugumu erya bulijjo), zikola bulungi mu mbeera za bbugumu entono, obulamu bw’enzirukanya bwa mirundi 4,000-5,000 mu mbeera y’ebbugumu erya bulijjo, n’amaanyi agageraageranyizibwa ku ga bbaatule za iron-lithium. Wadde ng’eby’obugagga bya lithium ebikakasibwa mu nsi yonna mu 2022 byali ttani obukadde nga 89, ng’ebitundu ebisukka mu kitundu byabyo byasaasaanyizibwa mu South America, China erina ttani obukadde 5.1, nga zino zikiikirira ebitundu 6% byokka ku kitundu ky’ensi yonna. Ekirala, ebitundu 65% ku bintu ebisookerwako ebya lithium byetaaga okuyingizibwa mu ggwanga. Okwawukanako n’ekyo, eby’obugagga bya sodium bingi era bisaasaanidde nnyo mu nsi yonna, nga mulimu amazzi g’ennyanja agalimu sodium chloride.
Battery ezikulukuta: Battery ezikulukuta amazzi, awali obusannyalazo obulungi n’obubi, zikola omulimu omulungi ennyo. Battery za Iron-chromium ne full-scale flow ze ndagiriro bbiri enkulu ez’obusuubuzi mu mulimu guno.
Okutereka amaanyi g’ebbugumu ery’ekitangaala: Okukola amasannyalaze ag’ebbugumu ekitangaala kulina enkizo ey’obutonde ng’enkola y’okutereka amaanyi naddala mu kutereeza entikko n’okulungamya frequency.
Okutereka amasoboza ag’ekisikirize: Okutereka amasoboza ag’ekisikirize nkola ya makanika ey’okutereka amasoboza ekozesa amasoboza agayinza okuva mu njawulo y’obuwanvu okusobola okwanguyiza enkola z’okucaajinga n’okufulumya.
Okutereka empewo enyigirizibwa: Okutereka amaanyi g’empewo enyigirizibwa kizingiramu okunyigiriza empewo mu biseera eby’amaanyi amatono n’okugitereka mu bibya ebya puleesa ennene, gamba ng’ebirombe ebisuuliddwa, ttanka ezitereka ggaasi, empuku, enzizi z’amafuta ne ggaasi eziggwaako, oba enzizi za ggaasi ezipya ezizimbibwa. Bw’ogeraageranya n’okutereka empewo mu bibya ebya puleesa ng’ebibbo by’ebyuma, okukozesa ebifo ebiri wansi w’ettaka ng’empuku z’omunnyo okuzimba amasundiro g’amasannyalaze ag’obusobozi obw’amaanyi kikendeeza nnyo ku nsaasaanya y’ebintu ebisookerwako n’ettaka. Enkola z’okutereka empewo enyigirizibwa zisobola okugabanyizibwamu enkola ez’ennono (ezeetaaga okujjuza), enkola ezirina ebyuma ebitereka ebbugumu, n’enkola z’okutereka amaanyi aganyigirizibwa mu mazzi/ggaasi, nga zeesigamiziddwa ku kifo ekikola, ekifo ekitereka, n’ensibuko y’ebbugumu.
Okutereka amaanyi ga flywheel: Okutereka amaanyi ga flywheel tekinologiya mupya akyali mu ntandikwa y’okutunda. Ekozesa flywheel ekyukakyuka okutereka n’okufulumya amaanyi.
