Amayeri kuri 'nini cyane ' yumwanya wo kubika ingufu ni ukugabanya ibiciro, kubungabunga umutekano, no kwerekana agaciro.

Insanganyamatsiko y'aya mahugurwa ishingiye ku buryo bwa 'agaciro gashya k'ububiko bw'amashanyarazi kimwe n'isoko rishya ryo gufatanya kubaka, ' ndetse no kuganira ku kiguzi, iterambere rya serivisi, umutekano, n'umutekano kimwe n'icyitegererezo kiyobora inganda zibika ingufu. Muri aya mahugurwa, igitabo cyitwa '' Amajyepfo Yubahiriza Amashanyarazi 'hamwe n’Ubushinwa Ishyirahamwe ry’isoko ry’ingufu n’umubiri ry’Ubushinwa Ishami rishinzwe kubika ingufu z’amashanyarazi hamwe n’ishami ry’isoko ry’ingufu (hamwe n’ameza ya EO) kugira ngo ryibande ku kuganira ku bufatanye hagati yo kubika amashanyarazi ndetse n’isoko ry’amashanyarazi, ububiko busangiwe Urashobora gutegereza impungenge.

Ingano yisoko iriyongera, kandi ibisabwa birashingwa.

Ingufu-shyashya zingufu zingana ni nini, kandi no kuzamuka kwinganda zibika ingufu zifite inyungu zitandukanye. Ububiko bw'amashanyarazi burashobora gufasha guhitamo imbaraga nshya n'ingaruka zo guhindagurika kuri gride.

Lei Bing, umuyobozi usimbuye ikigo gishinzwe ubushakashatsi bw’ishoramari rya Venture Management Institute of Southern Power Grid Power Growth Research Institute, yavuze ko mu gihe cya 'Cumi na kane 5 -Year Strategy ', intara 5 zo mu majyepfo y’amashanyarazi yonyine zizongeramo kilowat zirenga miliyoni 100 z’amashanyarazi mashya. Mu myaka itanu iri imbere, igihugu cyanjye kizazamura ingufu za chimique nshya y’amashanyarazi y’ububiko bwa miriyoni 26.73. Isoko rya tekiniki ikemura ibibazo rwose izaba hafi miliyari 80.

Dukurikije imibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’imashanyarazi n’inganda z’Ubushinwa Ishami rishinzwe kubika ingufu z’ingufu, igihugu cyanjye cy’inganda zitanga ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu 2021 cyazamutse, ku isoko ry’amafaranga angana na miliyari 50-60, yiyongereyeho hejuru ya 120% muri 2020. Mu rwego rwa R & D n’iterambere, muri 2019, 2019, 2019, Muri 2020, na 2021, ubukana bwa r & d.

Dufashe Akarere ka Zhejiang, kubera 'Ingamba ya cumi na gatatu 5-Yumwaka ', Intara ya Zhejiang yashyizeho vuba ubwoko bushya bwo kubika amashanyarazi mu Karere ka Zhejiang. Mu mpera za 2021, intara yateje imbere amashanyarazi 31 mashya yo kubika amashanyarazi afite ubushobozi bwa kilowati 76.000. Kugeza muri Nyakanga 2022, muri ako karere hamenyekanye imirimo 39 yo kubika amashanyarazi ifite igipimo cya kilowati miliyoni 3.03.

Iya mbere ni impinduka zikenewe zisabwa amashanyarazi. Hamwe no kwiyongera kwifoto ya Photovoltaque hamwe nijanisha rya toni -guhumeka ikirere, ubufindo bwamashanyarazi bwakarere burahinduka kuva mubisanzwe byikubye kabiri (saa sita nijoro) bikagera kumurongo wa '' duck type '.

Icya 2 nicyo gisabwa kuri gride yo hejuru. Hafi ya 1/4 cy'akarere ka Zhejiang cyinjiye mu ntara. Mugihe cya 'Ingamba zimyaka cumi nine nagatanu ' igihe cyo kubaka, kubaka amashanyarazi yihuta yagumye mumajyambere. Hariho imbaraga nini nini zo kubika ingufu zikenewe hafi yinyungu zo kugera kubintu bya gride-voltage nini yunguka kubintu. Hafi ya miliyoni 1 kilowat yingufu zizabikwa mugihe cyose '14th 5 -Ingamba Yumwaka '.

Icya gatatu ni ibishoboka byamashanyarazi asanzwe. Ubwoko bushya bwububiko bwo kubika imbaraga burigihe buranga ibintu biranga igipimo cyihuse, imbaraga zigihe gito zinjiza imbaraga, nibindi.

Icya 4, ibyifuzo bishya-bishya byimbaraga. Hamwe nogutezimbere imbaraga-shyashya zishyirwaho nkibidukikije, gukenera ububiko bwamashanyarazi kugirango bifashe gukuraho ingufu nshya ziyongera, kandi biteganijwe ko umwanya wo kubika ingufu uteganijwe gukenera hafi kilowati miliyoni 2.8.

Icya gatanu, ubushobozi bwumukoresha kuruhande. Ingufu zabakoresha zikoreshwa cyane mubantu nkimirenge nubucuruzi, kuzigama ubushobozi nigiciro cyingufu zamashanyarazi mugushiraho ububiko bwingufu no kubona inyungu binyuze mubitandukanya ibiciro byikibaya. Ukurikije urwego nibiranga amashanyarazi yabantu benshi, isuzuma ryambere ryerekana ko hashobora gutangwa hakurikijwe ihame ryo kwamamaza, umwanya wo kubika ingufu urashobora kugera kuri kilowati miliyoni 1.6 mubihe byiza.

Umwanya uhuriweho kubika ingufu urashobora kugabanya umuvuduko wishoramari ryamafaranga yibigo bishya byamashanyarazi.

Mu mpera za 2020, igiciro cya sisitemu yo kubika amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa cyarenze 1.5 yuan / watt-hr. Liu Yanlong, umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishami ry’inganda z’inganda n’inganda n’Ubushinwa, yatangaje ko iki kimenyetso gifatwa nk’impamvu ihindagurika ku isoko ryo kubika ingufu. Urebye ko mu mwaka wa 2010, igiciro cya bateri zibika ingufu hamwe na batiri ya lithium-ion cyakomeje kugabanuka, hamwe no kugabanuka kurenga 80%.

Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, kubera ubwiyongere bwibikoresho byibanze byibanze muri 2021, igiciro cya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu cyiyongereyeho 30% -50%. Nk’uko isuzuma ry’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda n’inganda n’Ubushinwa mu 2022 ryabigaragaje, igipimo cy’ipiganwa mu bihe bitandukanye cyo gusaba kiri hagati ya 1.29-1.9 yuan / watt-saha.

Ma Shihao, wungirije impuguke mu by'imari y’ishoramari ry’Ubushinwa Amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi mu Burasirazuba bw’Ubushinwa Kwiga na Layout Institute Co., Ltd., atekereza ko niba intera n’imikoreshereze y’ububiko bw’amashanyarazi bizamuka cyane kurushaho, ibiciro bizagabanuka. Nyamara, muri iki gihe, ikiguzi cyibiciro byo kubika ingufu kiracyari kinini cyane. Akamaro

Inyubako nubwubatsi bwa sisitemu yo kubika ingufu byerekana 83% byigiciro cyuzuye, mugihe amafaranga ya bateri angana na 50% yikiguzi cyo kubika ingufu zose. Niba ibiciro bya batiri bishobora kugabanuka byabaye impungenge zingenzi zo gukura kwingufu. Imihindagurikire yikiguzi cyibikoresho fatizo nka lithium fer fosifate nicyo kintu gikomeye kigira ingaruka ku gipimo cya batiri yo kubika ingufu.

Xu Guanghui, umwe mu bitabiriye komite y’Ishyaka ndetse akaba n'Umuyobozi mukuru w’abasimbuye Umuyobozi wa Pinggao Team Co., Ltd., yasabye ko guhera ku rwego mpuzamahanga rw’uburyo bwo kubika amashanyarazi, umwanya muremure wo kubika ingufu, ndetse n’ububiko bw’ingufu zisangiwe, bishobora kuba inzira yingenzi yo gukemura ikibazo cy’ibiciro by’ububiko bw’ingufu. Yizera ko umwanya muremure wo kubika ingufu zishobora kuzamura imikorere yububiko bwogukoresha ingufu zogucunga ubushyuhe, kandi umubare wuzuza bateri ushobora kwiyongera kuva 6000-7000 kugeza inshuro 12.000.

Ku bwa Xu Guanghui, ubuzima bw'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bushobora kugera ku myaka 40. Dufate ko umubare wa firime ya batiri ya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zishobora kugera inshuro 12,000. Muri icyo gihe, ubuzima bwa sisitemu nabwo buzagera ku myaka 40, bityo amafaranga yo gukora arashobora kugabanuka cyane. Hindura bateri hagati.

Kandi kugabana umwanya wo kubika ingufu nubundi buryo bwo kunoza imikoreshereze ya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu no kugabanya ibiciro bishya byingufu mumuco wose. Lei Bing yagaragaje ko kugabana ingufu zo kubika ingufu bifite uburyo bunoze bwo gutunganya, umutekano ucungwa neza, ndetse n’ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, ibyo bikaba bifasha mu kwamamaza ingufu zamamaza kandi bikaza no kuba serivisi yigenga yuzuzanya. Ikoreshwa ryingufu zikoreshwa ryongera imbaraga zumutekano wa gride munsi yubucengezi bwinshi nubushobozi bwo kurya ingufu nshya.

Igipimo cyo kubika amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyanjye cyakomeje kwiyongera; ugereranije no kuvoma, kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi biracyafite ibintu bibi byubushobozi buke bwo gushyiramo ingufu hamwe nigiciro kinini. Nubwo ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi muri iki gihe byizewe mu bijyanye n'imikorere, biracyakenewe guhora bisubirwamo bijyanye n'ubukungu bw'ibikoresho, ubucuruzi, n'ibishushanyo mbonera by'umutekano. Zheng Yaodong, inzobere idasanzwe mu Bushinwa bwo mu majyepfo y’amashanyarazi, atekereza ko kuvoma ububiko bikiri igitutu cyo hagati y’ububiko bw’amashanyarazi mu gihe kiri imbere.

Kunoza igipimo cyingufu zamashanyarazi, kimwe no kugenzura ibishya-shyirahamwe ryitabira

Sisitemu yo kugereranya hamwe ninyungu ziracyari ibintu bikomeye byo kurwanya ingufu zo kubika ingufu.

Zheng Yaodong atekereza ko iterambere ryubu ryububiko bushya bwo kubika ingufu ririmo gukemura ibibazo byinshi nko kubura imyiteguro, -kwerekana, ibibazo mubikorwa no kwerekana imiterere imwe, hamwe no gukina nabi. Umwanya wo kubika ingufu za gride kuruhande ufite ikibazo cyo gukoresha ubucuruzi, umwanya wo kubika ingufu uruhande rwamashanyarazi urakomeye, uyobora inyungu gushidikanya, igishushanyo mbonera cyihariye cyo kubika amashanyarazi ni wenyine, kandi icyumba cyunguka ni gito.

Liu Yanlong yategetse ko uburyo bushya bwo kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi bushobora kwitabira amasoko atandukanye y'amashanyarazi nk'ibigo by'isoko. Amashanyarazi yigenga yo kubika amashanyarazi yohereza amashanyarazi kuri gride.

Hamwe no kubika ingufu z'umuntu ku giti cye 'gukata hejuru-ikibaya cyo hejuru, ' impinduka zimpanuka no kugenzura inshuro nibyo byingenzi byo kubika ingufu. Yin Shuo, umuyobozi wungirije w'ikigo gishinzwe ubushakashatsi mu by'ubukungu n'ikoranabuhanga mu Ntara ya Leta ya Grid Henan, yatangaje ko kubera ko muri iki gihe impinduka zigenda zihinduka mu rwego rwo gukemura ibibazo by’amashanyarazi, amafaranga yo kubika amashanyarazi ntawizeye neza. Byongeye kandi, uko ubukungu bwifashe mu kubika ingufu n’impinduka nziza birashobora kugenda buhoro buhoro nyuma yo kugabanuka kw’ibiciro byo kubika ingufu.

Mugihe kimwe, umwanya wo kubika ingufu ni byinshi cyane kubona amafaranga yinjiza mugihe witabiriye isoko ryakarere. Muri Werurwe 2022, Akarere ka Shandong kafashe iyambere mu kwamamaza amashanyarazi 4 yigenga yo kubika amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa kugira ngo agire uruhare mu kugura ahantu.

Dufatiye ku rutonde rw'ingufu z'ingufu z'amashanyarazi zaguzwe n'abacuruzi ndetse n'abantu ku giti cyabo mu nganda, itandukaniro ry’ibiciro hagati y’ubucuruzi n’imisozi y’ubucuruzi ya Henan ndetse n’izindi ntara zitandukanye naryo riragenda ryegereza imipaka ifite agaciro ka 0.7 Yuan / kWt, kandi n’icyumba cyinjira ntikiramenyekana.

Kugirango bayobore ikiguzi cyo kubika ingufu, leta na leta zumujyi zagaragaje neza icyegeranyo cyibikorwa mumyaka 2 ishize kugirango hongerwe imbaraga uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ya Ruki hamwe n’amategeko agenga ibisubizo by’isoko. Muri Nyakanga 2021, 'Amatangazo yo kurushaho kunoza igihe cy’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi ' yasohowe n’igihugu gishinzwe iterambere ndetse anavugurura ubwishyu bukenewe kugira ngo hongerwe ingufu mu kuzamura igiciro cy’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi no mu kibaya kandi binagaragaza mu buryo butandukanye itandukaniro riri hagati y’uburebure ndetse n’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi, ndetse no kwerekana ko itandukaniro ry’uburebure bwa sisitemu rirenga 40%. Itandukaniro ryibiciro hagati yingufu zamashanyarazi zo mubande ntiri munsi ya 4: 1; ahandi hantu hatandukanye ntabwo ari munsi ya 3: 1 muburyo.

Muri Gicurasi 2022, indishyi z’iterambere ry’igihugu n’ivugurura hamwe n’ubuyobozi bw’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu zasohoye 'Itangazo ryerekeye guteza imbere isoko ry’amashanyarazi no kohereza ahantu hashya hashobora kubikwa ingufu ndetse no kohereza. amashanyarazi amashanyarazi kuruhande rwa grid -guhuza inyandiko kimwe nabakoresha amashanyarazi.

Kuburyo bwiza bwo kuzamura sisitemu yumuriro wamashanyarazi yikibaya cya Height, Yin Shuo arasaba ko hashyirwaho impinga kimwe na politiki yigihe cy’amashanyarazi igendana nigihe cyo guhuza amashanyarazi kandi ikanasaba kandi ikanashiraho impinga kimwe nigihe ikibaya cyagenwe mugihe gikwiranye nuburemere bwimiterere ya toni yumuriro w'amashanyarazi, uburyo bwo guhindura amashanyarazi hamwe nibisabwa kugirango bahagarare, hamwe nibisabwa kugirango bahabwe ingufu, hamwe nibisabwa kugirango bahagarare, hamwe nibisabwa kugirango bahaguruke, hamwe nibisabwa kugirango bahagarare. igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi.

Yasabye kandi gushishikariza ingufu z’amashanyarazi yigenga y’amashanyarazi n’amasosiyete mashya y’amashanyarazi kugenzura byimazeyo igishushanyo mbonera cy’ubufatanye mu bucuruzi, nk’imishyikirano hagati y’ibyabaye byombi kugira ngo hamenyekane ijanisha ry’ingufu z’amashanyarazi zishyigikira igabanywa ry’amafaranga kandi yandike n’ubukode.

Kongera tekinoroji yumutekano kandi ushakishe ibikoresho bishya bya batiri

Umutekano ni umurongo w'ubuzima bwo guteza imbere ububiko bw'amashanyarazi. Gusa nukwirwanaho kwiza birashobora isoko yo kubika ingufu gutera imbere cyane.

Sun Jinhua, umwarimu w’ishuri ry’ubumenyi akaba n'umwarimu muri kaminuza y’ubumenyi ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ry’Ubushinwa, yavuze muri make imirongo 3 y’uburinzi isaba umwanya wo kubika amashanyarazi bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga ry’umutekano:

1. Umutekano nyamukuru wumubiri wa bateri

2. Umutekano wibikorwa byo gukoresha

3. Umutekano wumuriro

Usibye kuzamura umutekano wa bateri ubwayo uhereye kubikoresho, birakenewe kandi gushiraho ikoranabuhanga ryo gusuzuma amakosa. Muri icyo gihe, birakenewe gushyiraho tekinoroji yo kuzimya umuriro neza ishobora gucunga neza umuriro mugitangira umuriro. Izuba Rirashe Jinhua yerekanye ko kugirango bongere imikorere yo kuzimya umuriro; umuriro urakenewe kugirango uzimye umuriro mugihe umuriro ubaye vuba hanyuma ugahora ukonjesha bateri kugirango uhagarike bateri.

Sun Jinhua yavuze ko kuri ubu nta muti ukuze uhari nk'imiterere y'umuriro no gukwirakwiza ibiranga ibikoresho bya batiri ku isi.

Mugihe gikomeza kuzamura umutekano wa bateri ya lithium, isoko ihora ishakisha ibikoresho usibye lithium. Bateri ya magnesium ni amahitamo ashoboka. Frying pan Fusheng, umwarimu w’ishuri rikuru ry’Ubushinwa akaba n'umwarimu muri kaminuza ya Chongqing, yasabye ko umutungo wa magnesium ari mwinshi cyane, hamwe n’igiciro gito, umutekano muke, hamwe n’ubunini bwa gaze bingana na lithium ndetse na batiri ya lithium. Uyu munsi, gukura kwa bateri ya magnesium biracyari bigufi, kandi rwose hazabaho ubushobozi bwiza bwiterambere.

Muri aya mahugurwa, igitabo cyitwa '' Amajyepfo y’ingufu zitegereza 'hamwe n’Ubushinwa n’Ubushinwa ndetse n’ishami ry’ingufu z’amashanyarazi Ishami rishinzwe kubika ingufu z’amashanyarazi hamwe ryateye inkunga ahantu ho kubika amashanyarazi kimwe n’isoko ryihariye ry’isoko ry’amashanyarazi (hamwe n’ameza ya EO) kugira ngo ryibande ku kuvuga isano iri hagati yo kubika amashanyarazi ndetse n’isoko ry’amashanyarazi, ububiko busangiwe Urashobora gutegereza ibibazo.

Kimwe no kugabana ububiko bw'amashanyarazi nabwo ni uburyo bwo kunoza imikoreshereze ya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu no kugabanya ibiciro by'amashanyarazi muri sosiyete yose. Lei Bing yagaragaje ko gusaranganya ingufu zo kubika ingufu zifite ingufu zifite uburyo bunoze bwo gutunganya, ndetse birenze, gucunga umutekano n’umutekano, ndetse n’ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, ibyo bikaba bifasha guteza imbere ububiko bw’ingufu no kuba sosiyete yigenga itanga serivisi yigenga. Mu kuzamura umwanya wabakiriya kuruhande rwububiko bwamashanyarazi, 'kugabanya neza ikibaya, ' guhinduranya impinga, hamwe na politiki yumurongo nibyo byingenzi byibanze byo kubika ingufu. Mu kuzamura, ikirere cyubukungu cyo kubika ingufu no guhinduka neza birashobora kugaragara buhoro buhoro nyuma y’ibiciro byinshi byo kubika ingufu bigabanutse.