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Omulamwa gw'omusomo guno gwesigamiziddwa ku sitayiro ya 'omuwendo omupya ogw'ekifo ekitereka amasannyalaze awamu n'enkola empya ey'akatale ey'okuzimba awamu,' nga kwotadde n'okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsaasaanya, enkulaakulana y'empeereza, obukuumi, n'obukuumi wamu n'abakulembeze b'ekyokulabirako mu mulimu gw'okutereka amasannyalaze. Mu musomo guno, ekiwandiiko 'Southern Power Observation' n'ettabi lya China Chemical and Physical Power Market Association Energy Storage Application Branch baagatta wamu ssente z'okutereka amasannyalaze era n'olutuula olw'enjawulo olw'akatale k'amasannyalaze (ne EO round table) okussa essira ku kuteesa ku nkolagana wakati w'okutereka amasannyalaze era n'akatale k'amasannyalaze, okutereka okugabana Asobola okulinda okweraliikirira.
Omuwendo gw’amasoboza amapya ag’okuteekawo amaanyi munene, era n’okukula kw’amakolero g’ebifo eby’okutereka amaanyi kulina omugaso ogw’enjawulo. Okutereka amasannyalaze kuyinza okuyamba obutakyukakyuka bw’amasoboza amapya n’enkola y’okukyukakyuka ku mudumu.
Lei Bing, dayirekita akyusizza ekitongole kya Venture Management Study Institute of Southern Power Grid Power Growth Research study Institute, yayanjudde nti mu kiseera kyonna ekya 'Fourteenth 5 -Year Strategy', amasaza 5 aga Southern Power Grid gokka gajja kwongerako kilowatts ezisukka mu bukadde 100 ez'okuteekebwamu amasannyalaze amapya. Mu myaka etaano egijja, eggwanga lyange lijja kwongera ku busobozi bw’obusobozi obupya obw’okutereka amaanyi g’amasannyalaze ag’eddagala mu kifo kumpi obukadde bwa kilowatt obukadde 26.73. Akatale akakwatagana n’okugonjoola eby’ekikugu mazima ddala kajja kuba nga obuwumbi bwa Yuan nga 80.
Okusinziira ku bibalo by’ekibiina kya China Chemical and Physical Power Sector Association Energy Storage Application Branch, olujegere lw’amakolero g’okutereka amasannyalaze mu ggwanga lyange mu 2021 luyongedde, nga lulina akatale ka buwumbi bwa Yuan 50-60, okweyongera ebitundu ebisoba mu 120% okusinga 2020. Mu kisaawe kya R & D n’okukulaakulana, mu 2019, 2019, 2019, Mu 2020, ne 2021, r & d intensity y’amakolero g’okutereka amasannyalaze yatuuka ku 12.6%, 18.7%, ne 15.6%, okusinziira ku.
Nga tutwala Disitulikiti ya Zhejiang ng'ekyokulabirako, olw'enteekateeka y'emyaka 5 ey'ekkumi n'esatu', Ssaza ly'e Zhejiang litaddewo mangu ekika ekipya eky'ekifo eky'okutereka amasannyalaze mu Disitulikiti y'e Zhejiang. Ku nkomerero ya 2021, essaza lino lifunye ebifo ebipya 31 ebitereka amasannyalaze mu kifo awaterekerwa amasannyalaze nga okutwalira awamu bisobola okuteekebwako kilowatts 76,000. We bwazibidde mu July wa 2022, emirimu gy’okutereka amasannyalaze 39 gye gyalangibwa mu disitulikiti eno nga giweza kilowatt obukadde 3.03.
Ekisooka y’enkyukakyuka ey’oku ntikko ey’obwetaavu bw’amasannyalaze mu ssaza lino. Olw'okweyongera kw'okuyingira kw'amasannyalaze g'ekitangaala n'ebitundu ku kikumi ebya ttani z'empewo -conditioning, ebibanja by'amasannyalaze mu disitulikiti bikyuka okuva ku nkola eya bulijjo ey'entikko ey'emirundi ebiri (emisana nga kwotadde n'ekiro) okudda ku nkulungo ya 'ekika ky'enkoko'.
Eky’okubiri kwe kwetaaga ekyuma ekiyitibwa ‘high-rate grid’. Kumpi 1/4 ya Disitulikiti ya Zhejiang eyingizibwa essaza lino. Mu kiseera kya 'Enteekateeka y'emyaka etaano ey'ekkumi n'ena', okuzimba omukutu gw'amasannyalaze ogw'amaanyi gwasigala mu nkulaakulana. Waaliwo ebyetaago ebinene eby’okutereka amaanyi ebipya okumpi n’okufuna okutuuka ku nsonga y’omukutu gwa vvulovumenti eya waggulu okufuna okutuuka ku nsonga. Amasoboza nga kilowatt obukadde 1 gajja kuterekebwa mu kiseera kyonna ekya '14th 5 -Year Strategy'.
Ekyokusatu kwe kusobola okukola amabibiro g’amasannyalaze ag’ebbugumu aga mutindo. Ekika ekipya ennyo eky’okukyusakyusa mu kutereka amaanyi bulijjo kirina engeri z’omutindo ogw’amangu, obusobozi obw’amaanyi obw’okuyita mu masannyalaze ag’ekiseera ekitono, n’ebirala.
4th, ebyetaago by’ensengeka y’amaanyi empya ddala. Olw’okutumbula enteekateeka z’amasoboza empya ennyo ng’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo, obwetaavu bw’okutereka amaanyi okuyamba mu kugoba amaanyi amapya bweyongera, era kisuubirwa nti ekifo we batereka amaanyi kisuubirwa okwetaaga kilowatt obukadde nga 2.8.
Eky’okutaano, obusobozi bw’ensengeka y’oludda lw’omukozesa. Amasoboza g’abakozesa ku ludda lw’abakozesa gasinga kukozesebwa mu bantu ssekinnoomu nga ebitundu ne bizinensi, okukekkereza obusobozi n’ensimbi z’amasannyalaze nga bateekawo okutereka amaanyi n’okufuna emigaso nga bayita mu njawulo mu nsaasaanya y’ebiwonvu eby’okungulu. Okusinziira ku mutindo n’ebintu ebikwata ku masannyalaze eby’abantu ssekinnoomu bangi, okwekenneenya okusooka okw’okusobola okugaba okusinziira ku musingi gw’okutunda, ekifo we batereka amaanyi kisobola okutuuka ku kilowatts nga obukadde 1.6 mu mbeera ennungi.
Ku nkomerero ya 2020, bbeeyi y’enkola z’okutereka amasannyalaze mu China yasukka 1.5 yuan/watt-hr. Liu Yanlong, omuwandiisi w’enkalakalira w’ekitongole kya China ekikola ku by’amakolero g’amasannyalaze n’amasannyalaze, yategeezezza nti akabonero kano katwalibwa ng’ekintu ekikyukakyuka mu katale k’okutereka amaanyi. Okusinziira ku ngeri nti mu 2010, bbeeyi ya bbaatule ezitereka amaanyi nga zirina bbaatule za lithium-ion esigadde nga ekendedde, nga yakendedde ebitundu ebisukka mu 80%.
Wadde kiri kityo, olw’okulinnya kw’ebintu ebikulu eby’okungulu mu 2021, bbeeyi y’enkola z’okutereka amaanyi yalinnya ebitundu nga 30% -50%. Okusinziira ku kigezo kya China Chemical and Physical Industry Association mu 2022, omuwendo gw’okutunda mu mbeera ez’enjawulo ez’okusaba guli wakati wa 1.29-1.9 yuan/watt-hour.
Ma Shihao, omumyuka w’omukugu omukulu mu by’ensimbi mu kibiina kya China Electric Power Building Group East China Study and Layout Institute Co., Ltd., alowooza nti singa ebanga n’enkozesa y’ekifo awaterekerwa amasannyalaze mazima ddala bijja kulinnya n’okusingawo, mu budde obutuufu ssente zijja kukendeera. Naye, mu kiseera kino, okunyigirizibwa kw’omuwendo gw’ebifo eby’okutereka amaanyi kukyali munene nnyo. Amakulu
Ensimbi ezisaasaanyizibwa mu kuzimba n’okuzimba enkola y’okutereka amaanyi zikiikirira ebitundu 83% ku bbeeyi enzijuvu, ate ssente za bbaatule zikola ebitundu 50% ku bbeeyi yonna ey’okuzimba enkola y’okutereka amaanyi. Oba ssente za bbaatule zisobola okukendeera kifuuse ekintu ekikulu ekyeraliikiriza okukula kw’okutereka amaanyi. Enkyukakyuka mu bbeeyi y’ebintu ebisookerwako nga lithium iron phosphate y’ensonga enkulu ekosa omutindo gwa bbaatule etereka amaanyi.
Xu Guanghui, eyeetabye mu kakiiko k’ekibiina era nga ye Replacement General Supervisor wa Pinggao Team Co., Ltd., yawa amagezi nti okuva mu nkola y’ensi yonna ey’enkola y’okutereka amasannyalaze, ekifo ekitereka amaanyi okumala ebbanga eddene, awamu n’okutereka amaanyi nga bagabana, eyinza okuba enkola enkulu okugonjoola ensonga y’emiwendo gy’ebifo ebitereka amaanyi. Alowooza nti ekifo ekitereka amaanyi ekiwangaala kisobola okutumbula obulungi enkola y’okuddukanya ebbugumu mu kifo ekitereka amaanyi, era omuwendo gw’okujjuza bbaatule guyinza okwongerwa okuva ku mirundi 6000-7000 eriwo kati okutuuka ku mirundi 12,000.
Okusinziira ku Xu Guanghui, okutwalira awamu obulamu bw’ebyuma by’amasannyalaze busobola okutuuka ku myaka 40. Ka tugambe nti omuwendo gwa firimu za bbaatule ez’enkola y’ekifo ekitereka amaanyi guyinza okutuuka ku mirundi 12,000. Mu mbeera eyo, obulamu bw’enkola eno nabwo bujja kutuuka ku myaka 40, kale ensaasaanya y’emirimu esobola okukendeezebwa ennyo. Kyusa bbaatule wakati mu kkubo.
Era n’okugabana ekifo eky’okutereka amaanyi mu ngeri y’emu ngeri ndala ey’okulongoosa enkozesa ennungi ey’enkola z’okutereka amaanyi n’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya y’amasoboza empya ddala mu buwangwa bwonna. Lei Bing yalaze nti okugabana amaanyi g’okutereka amaanyi kulina enkola ennungamu ey’okutegeka, obukuumi obuddukanyizibwa, n’omutindo ogw’awaggulu, ekirungi mu kulanga okutereka amaanyi era nga nakyo kijja okuba omuwa empeereza ey’okujjuliza eyetongodde. Omuwendo gw’enkozesa y’ensibuko y’amasannyalaze gutumbula bulungi omutindo gw’obukuumi bw’omukutu wansi w’okuyingira okw’amaanyi n’obusobozi okulya amaanyi amapya ddala.
Omutindo gw’okutereka amaanyi g’amasannyalaze mu nsi yange gweyongedde okweyongera; bw’ogeraageranya n’okupampagira, okutereka amaanyi g’amasannyalaze kukyalina ebibi eby’obusobozi obutono obw’okukola amasannyalaze agateekeddwa mu kibiina n’omuwendo omunene. Wadde ng’ebyuma ebitereka amaanyi g’amasannyalaze mu kiseera kino byesigika mu ngeri gye bikolamu, bikyalina okwekenneenya buli kiseera ku bikwata ku nfuna y’ebyuma, bizinensi, n’enteekateeka z’obukuumi. Zheng Yaodong, omukugu mu kkampuni ya China Southern Power Grid Company, alowooza nti okupampagira ekifo we batereka amasannyalaze kikyali puleesa enkulu ey’ekifo awaterekerwa amasannyalaze mu biseera eby’omu maaso ebisuubirwa.
Enkola y’okugereka n’enteekateeka y’amagoba bikyali bikulu ebiwakanya okukula kw’ebifo eby’okutereka amasannyalaze.
Zheng Yaodong alowooza nti enkulaakulana eriwo kati ey’ekifo ekipya eky’okutereka amaanyi ekolagana n’okusoomoozebwa okuwerako nga obutaba na kwetegeka, -okwolesebwa, obuzibu mu kukola n’engeri y’okukozesaamu omulundi gumu, n’okuzannya obubi. Ekifo eky’okutereka amasannyalaze ku ludda lw’omukutu gw’amasannyalaze kirina obuzibu mu kukozesa mu by’obusuubuzi, oludda lw’ekifo awaterekerwa amaanyi mu kukola amasannyalaze kakambwe, ebikulembera okubuusabuusa ku nfuna, dizayini ey’enjawulo ey’okutereka amasannyalaze ku ludda ya yokka, era ekisenge ky’amagoba kitono.
Liu Yanlong yalagira nti ekifo ekipya ennyo ekitereka amasannyalaze mu kifo ky’amasannyalaze kisobola okwetaba mu butale bw’amasannyalaze obw’enjawulo ng’ebitongole by’akatale. Ebifo eby’amasannyalaze ebitereka amasannyalaze ebyetongodde bisindika amasannyalaze mu mudumu gw’amasannyalaze.
Ng'oggyeeko okutereka amaanyi g'omuntu ssekinnoomu 'ekiwonvu ekisala waggulu,' enkyukakyuka y'entikko n'okulungamya frequency bye bikulu ebikulu eby'okutereka amaanyi. Yin Shuo, omumyuka w’omulabirizi w’ekifo ekiyitibwa Proving ground of the Economic and Technological Research Center of the State Grid Henan Province, yayanjudde nti olw’enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu kiseera kino mu mutindo gw’okugonjoola ebizibu ebiwagira amasannyalaze, enyingiza y’okutereka amasannyalaze tekakasa nnyo. Okugatta ku ekyo, embeera y’ebyenfuna ey’okutereka amaanyi n’enkyukakyuka ennungi esobola okulabika mpolampola oluvannyuma lw’okwongera okukendeera mu nsaasaanya y’ebifo eby’okutereka amaanyi.
Mu kiseera kye kimu, ekifo we batereka amasannyalaze kisoomoozebwa nnyo okukola enyingiza ng’ogenda okwetaba mu katale k’ekitundu. Mu March 2022, Disitulikiti y’e Shandong yakulembera mu kulanga amabibiro g’amasannyalaze ag’omu bwengula agatereka amasannyalaze ag’enjawulo mu China okwenyigira mu kugula ebifo.
Okusinziira ku ndaba ya katalogu y’amasannyalaze g’amasannyalaze agagulibwa abantu ssekinnoomu ab’ebyobusuubuzi era n’amakolero, enjawulo y’emiwendo wakati w’entikko z’ebyobusuubuzi awamu n’ez’obusuubuzi eza Henan n’amasaza amalala ag’enjawulo nayo ewuubaala okumpi n’ekkomo eribalirirwamu 0.7 yuan/kWh, era n’ekisenge ky’enyingiza tekitegeerekeka bulungi.
Okukulembera ensaasaanya y’ebifo eby’okutereka amaanyi, gavumenti z’amasaza n’ebibuga zifunye obuwanguzi mu kwanjula okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’emitendera mu myaka 2 egiyise okwongera okutumbula enkola y’omuwendo gw’amasannyalaze mu Ruki n’amateeka g’akatale k’okugonjoola ebizibu ebiwagira amasannyalaze. Mu July 2021, 'Notification on Further Improving the moment Electric Cost Mechanism' eyafulumizibwa National Advancement and also Reform Payment yeetaaga okwongera okutumbula ekyuma ky'ebbeeyi y'amasannyalaze ku ntikko n'ekiwonvu era n'okuteekawo mu kigero enjawulo wakati w'obugulumivu n'ebisale by'amasannyalaze g'ekiwonvu, awamu n'okulaga nti omuwendo gw'enjawulo mu buwanvu bw'enkola eno gusukka ebitundu 40%. Enjawulo mu bbeeyi wakati w’amasannyalaze g’omu kiwonvu si wansi wa 4: 1; ebifo ebirala eby’enjawulo tebiri wansi wa 3: 1 mu nkola.
Mu May 2022, ekitongole ky'eggwanga eky'okuliyirira okutumbula n'okutereeza n'okuddukanya amasannyalaze mu ggwanga kyafulumya 'Ekirango ku kwongera okutumbula akatale k'amasannyalaze n'okusindika ekifo ekipya eky'okutereka amasannyalaze nga kwotadde n'okusindika.' Ekiragiddwa okutereka amasannyalaze okwetongodde kuyinza okuwa obuweereza obuyamba, era ssente ez'obuweereza ez'okwongerako zeesigamiziddwa ku 'Management Steps for Electricity Accessory Solution' ne' That offers, that earn a amagoba, nti emigaso, ekijja mazima ddala 'is reasonably formed by associated power generation side grid -linked text nga kwotadde n'abakozesa amasannyalaze.
Ku ngeri ddala ey’okutumbula enkola y’omuwendo gw’amasannyalaze mu Height Valley, Yin Shuo awa amagezi okutondawo enkola y’omutindo gw’amasannyalaze ey’oku ntikko nga kw’otadde n’obudde bw’ekiwonvu ekwatagana ne bbalansi y’amasannyalaze agaweebwa era n’obwetaavu era n’okukola dizayini y’entikko nga kw’otadde n’obudde bw’ekiwonvu mu budde okusinziira ku bifaananyi by’omugugu gw’enkola y’amasannyalaze ttani, enkola okukyusa amaanyi, amasannyalaze era n’obwetaavu okuyimirira, n’ebirala Bring up the price of power heights and valleys, etc. Bring up the price of power heights and valleys, nga kwotadde n’okulowooza ku sitayiro ekyuma ekisaasaanya amasannyalaze mu sizoni n’ekyuma eky’ebbeeyi y’amasannyalaze ey’oku ntikko.
Era yateesa okukubiriza amabibiro g’amasannyalaze ag’omu bifo eby’okutereka amasannyalaze ag’enjawulo n’amakampuni g’amasannyalaze amapya ennyo okukebera mu ngeri ey’obwegendereza enteekateeka empya ez’enkolagana mu bizinensi, gamba ng’okuteesa wakati w’emikolo gyombi okuteekawo ebitundu ku kikumi eby’amaanyi g’amasannyalaze agawagira engabanya y’enyingiza ey’okugonjoola ensonga era n’okuwandiika enteekateeka ya liizi.
Obukuumi bulamu bwa bulamu eri enkulaakulana y’okutereka amasannyalaze. Olw’okwekuuma okulungi ennyo kwokka akatale k’okutereka amaanyi kwe kasobola okukulaakulana obulungi ennyo.
Sun Jinhua, omusomesa mu Academy of Sciences era nga pulofeesa mu University of Science era era Modern Technology of China, yafunza layini 3 ez’obukuumi ezaali zeetaaga ekifo we batereka amasannyalaze ku bikwata ku tekinologiya w’ebyokwerinda:
1. Obukuumi bw’omubiri omukulu ogwa bbaatule
2. Obukuumi bw’enkola y’okukozesa
3. Obukuumi bw’omuliro
Ng’oggyeeko okutumbula obukuumi bwa bbaatule yennyini okusinziira ku bintu, kyetaagisa nnyo okuteekawo tekinologiya ow’okuzuula ensobi. Mu kiseera kye kimu, kyetaagisa okuteekawo tekinologiya omulungi ow’okuzikiza omuliro asobola okuddukanya obulungi omuliro ku ntandikwa y’omuliro. Sunlight Jinhua yaleeta ekyo okutumbula obulungi bw’okuzikiza omuliro; omuliro gwetaagibwa okuzikiza omuliro ng’omuliro gukutte mangu n’oluvannyuma buli kiseera ne gunyogoza bbaatule okuyimiriza bbaatule okuddamu okukwatagana.
Sun Jinhua yategeezezza nti mu kiseera kino tewali ddagala likuze ng’engeri z’omuliro n’engeri y’okusaasaanya eby’okukung’aanya bbaatule mu nsi yonna.
Wadde nga buli kiseera eyongera obukuumi bwa bbaatule za lithium, akatale buli kiseera kanoonya eby’obugagga ng’oggyeeko lithium. Battery ya magnesium y’esobola okulondebwa. Frying pan Fusheng, omukugu mu Chinese Academy of Design era omusomesa mu Chongqing College, yawa amagezi nti eby’obugagga bya magnesium biba bingi nnyo, nga bya ssente ntono, obukuumi bwa waggulu, era nga buwanvu bwa ggaasi obwenkanankana bw’ogeraageranya ne bbaatule za lithium era nga nazo za lithium. Leero, okukula kwa bbaatule za magnesium kukyali kumpi, era mazima ddala wajja kubaawo obusobozi obulungi obw’okukulaakulanya mu biseera eby’omu maaso.
Mu musomo guno, 'Southern Energy Observation' publication ne China Chemical era era Physical Power Sector Organization Power Storage Application Branch bonna awamu baawagira ekifo eky'okutereka amasannyalaze wamu n'olutuula olw'enjawulo olw'akatale k'amasannyalaze (ne EO round table) okussa essira ku kwogera ku nkolagana eri wakati w'okutereka amasannyalaze era n'akatale k'amasannyalaze, okutereka okugabana Asobola okulinda ensonga.
Ng’oggyeeko okugabana okutereka amasannyalaze mu ngeri y’emu nkola okutumbula enkozesa ennungi ey’enkola z’okutereka amasannyalaze n’okukendeeza ku bbeeyi y’amasannyalaze amapya mu bantu bonna. Lei Bing yalaze nti okugabana amaanyi mu kifo awaterekerwa amaanyi kulina enkola ennungamu ey’okutegeka, n’okusingawo, obukuumi n’obukuumi obuddukanyizibwa, n’omutindo ogw’awaggulu, ekiyamba okutumbula ekifo ekitereka amaanyi n’okufuuka kkampuni eyeetongodde ey’obuweereza obuwagira. Mu kwongera ku kifo kya kasitoma eky'okutereka amaanyi ku ludda, 'optimal-reducing valley,' peak adjustment, n'enkola ya frequency ze miwendo emikulu egy'ekifo ekitereka amaanyi. Mu kwongera, embeera y’ebyenfuna ey’okutereka amasannyalaze n’okutereeza obulungi esobola okulabika mpolampola oluvannyuma lw’emiwendo gy’okutereka amaanyi amangi okukendeera.
