Ebiziyiza okussa mu nkola okutereka bbaatule mu Amerika: Bbeeyi n’ebintu

Wadde nga mu kiseera kino Amerika erina tekinologiya ow’enjawulo ayinza okuggya kaboni ku mudumu, ebiziyiza mu mbeera z’abantu, eby’ensimbi, era n’ebyobufuzi biyinza okwewala tekinologiya ono ow’omulembe okuteekebwa mu nkola mu bbanga eryetaagisa okunyigiriza enkyukakyuka mu butonde. Endowooza eno eraga ebizibu 2 ebisinga obunene mu kuteeka mu nkola ekifo we batereka bbaatule: bbeeyi era n’ebintu. Ensaasaanya mu kifo ekikulu eky’okutereka bbaatule tekinologiya ow’omulembe, naddala, mu ngeri entuufu, egenda mu maaso n’okubeera waggulu nnyo. Ekibiina ekinoonyereza mu Massachusetts Institute of Modern technology kyanoonyereza ku kukungaanya enkola z’ebyobufuzi era n’ebyensimbi ezaakolebwa era ne ziweebwa gavumenti ya Amerika okulanga okufulumya amangu mu kifo awaterekerwa amaanyi ate era n’okukendeeza ku miwendo. Ekintu ekikulu okulowooza ku bbeeyi erinnya ye muwendo omunene ogw’ebintu bya bbaatule, lipoota bwe yakuuma mu birowoozo. Era enkola y’okugaba ebintu mu sayizi entono era erongooseddwa eraga obwangu bw’ebintu bya bbaatule, okwongera ku miwendo n’okusoomoozebwa okulinnyisa ebyuma mu bwangu. Waliwo ensonga eziviirako kino ng’oggyeeko empeereza ya tekinologiya n’ebyenfuna, ng’ezimu ku zo zeekenneenyezebwa kkampuni ya MIT. Ebiseera ebisinga, waliwo enkolagana ezimu ez’enjawulo wakati w’enkizo ya kkampuni mu kuvuganya (kwe kugamba ensengeka ey’enjawulo era n’okukola ebintu) n’okufulumya eby’enfuna eby’enjawulo (kwe kugamba, okussa wakati, okussa omutindo, n’ebirala) ebirina okuvvuunukibwa okuyita mu mpeera z’ebyobufuzi n’ebyenfuna. Mu nkomerero, obwangu obw’amaanyi bwetaagibwa mu bantu wamu n’emirimu egy’enjawulo egy’okusiga ensimbi okukola ku nkyukakyuka y’obutonde bw’ensi n’okukula okw’amangu era n’okussa mu nkola eby’okugonjoola ebisinga okukola obulungi.

Mu bimu ku bisinga obukulu eby’okugonjoola okutangira enkyukakyuka endala ez’embeera y’obudde kwe kuggya kaboni mu kitongole ky’amasannyalaze. Okusinziira ku biwandiiko ebyatongozebwa ekitongole kya united state Energy Details Administration (EIA), mu mwaka gwa 2020, omugatte gwa kaboni ogufuluma mu katale k’amasannyalaze gwakiikirira ebitundu nga 32% ku kaboni yenna afuluma mu USA. Nga tukozesa ensibuko z’amasoboza agazzibwawo ng’empewo awamu n’amasannyalaze g’enjuba, amaanyi gasobola okukolebwa nga tegafulumya kaboni dayokisayidi, obucaafu obukulu obuvaako ebbugumu ly’ensi. Wadde kiri kityo, amasannyalaze agazzibwawo gasanga obuzibu obuddirira mu kukola amasannyalaze kubanga okugagaba kwesigamye ku mbeera y’obudde etali nkakasa wamu n’okufuga kw’abantu okwayita, nga eno njawulo nnene eyawukana ku bifo ebikola amafuta g’ebintu ebikadde ebisobola okugabira amasannyalaze amangi ekiseera kyonna. Waliwo eby’okugonjoola eby’enjawulo okukola ku biseera ebitali bimu n’okulaba ng’obwetaavu bumatizibwa bulijjo: ng’ekyokulabirako, ebifo ebikola amasannyalaze agazzibwawo bisobola okuzimbibwa ennyo olwo enjuba oba empewo bwe ziba tezimala, amaanyi g’amasannyalaze agatondeddwawo gakyasobola okutuukiriza obwetaavu bw’okugabibwa. Kyokka enkola eno egula ssente nnyingi nga kw’otadde n’okukendeeza ku nsimbi. Empeereza endala kwe kukozesa omuwendo omutono ogw’amasoboza agasobola okuddukanyizibwa (nga haidrojeni etali ya bulabe eri obutonde awamu n’amaanyi ga nukiriya, n’ebirala), ekisinga obulungi mu ngeri entuufu amaanyi amayonjo agatatonda co2 (nga haidrojeni eya kiragala, ammonia, amafuta ga biography, n’ebirala). Wadde kiri kityo, obuyiiya buno obugenda buvaayo bukyalwana okutuukiriza ebipimo by’omuwendo n’obulungi ebisoboka nga bikoleddwa nga bikozesa enkola ezitaliimu kaboni. Wadde ng’enkola eziwera zeetaagibwa, enkola z’ebifo eby’okutereka amaanyi ddagala erisuubiza ennyo nga kwotadde n’okuwa dizayini nnyingi ez’okulonda.

Ekifo eky’okutwala ekifo eky’okutereka amasannyalaze kwe kukyusa amaanyi g’amasannyalaze agaweebwa eky’obugagga ekizzibwa obuggya ddala mu bika by’amasannyalaze ebirala, gamba ng’amasoboza ag’ebbugumu, amaanyi g’amasannyalaze, amaanyi, n’ebirala, ng’amasannyalaze gamala, agayinza okuterekebwa awamu n’okufulumizibwa okusobola okutuukiriza obwetaavu mu kiseera ky’okugabibwa. Ebifo ebikola amazzi mu ppampu mu butuufu bibadde kifo ekikola obulungi era nga era kiwandiikiddwa bulungi ekika ky’okutereka amaanyi okumala emyaka egisukka mu 100; okusinziira ku kitongole ky’amasannyalaze ekya united state Department of Energy (DOE), amazzi agapambiddwa mu kiseera kino gakola enkola zonna ez’okutereka amaanyi ku mutendera gw’ebikozesebwa mu united state ebitundu 95% ku busobozi bw’ekifo ekitereka amasannyalaze. Wadde kiri kityo, obusobozi obusingawo obw’okutereka amasannyalaze bwetaagibwa okuggya kaboni ku mudumu okutuuka ku ddaala erisingako: okusinziira ku lipoota y’okunoonyereza eya US Power Information Administration (EIA), USA mu kiseera kino erina enkola ezitakka wansi wa 2GW ez’ebifo eby’okutereka amasannyalaze ku mutendera gw’ebikozesebwa eziteekeddwawo, awamu n’Ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebifo ebitereka amasannyalaze ebya gigawatts ebiyinza okwetaagisa mu 2050 okuyamba mu kuggya kaboni mu buziba. Amazzi agapambiddwa kizibu okugerageranya olw’okuba nti gatera okuvaamu ssente zokka ku pulojekiti ennene, ezikozesa kapito omungi mu bifo eby’okutereka amasannyalaze, awamu n’ebifo ebiteekebwa mu nkola bikugirwa olw’ebitundu nga kw’otadde n’okukkiriza obukwakkulizo. Okugatta ku ekyo, omukutu guno gwe nkuŋŋaanya y’empeereza, nga buli emu yeesigamye ku maanyi ag’enjawulo ag’engeri era n’obwetaavu bw’amaanyi, ebiseera by’okuddamu, n’ebirala, nga kyetaagisa empeereza ez’enjawulo ez’omu bwengula okutereka amaanyi. Ebibalo ebisinga okukozesebwa okuyamba okuzuula oba tekinologiya ow'omulembe ow'okutereka amaanyi mu nkola era mu by'enfuna mulungi nnyo eri enkola ye 'ekiseera,' era nga kino kikiikirira akaseera ke yeetaaga okucaajinga mu bujjuvu oba okuddamu amaanyi mu bbaatule. N’olwekyo, okulonda okudduka mu bbanga eringi kuyinza okunoonyezebwa. Olw’ekifo ekinene eky’okukola dizayini kye bawa okutuuka ku biseera ebiddiriŋŋana era n’ebirungi ebirala eby’enjawulo ebigenze mu kuwandiika kuno, bbaatule zikozesa omuddirirwa gwa tekinologiya w’ekifo ekitereka amaanyi ekisikiriza okukola emirimu gy’okutereka amaanyi.

Battery kye kyuma ekitereka amasannyalaze ekikozesa enjawulo y'amasoboza wakati w'ensengekera za 'redox' okukyusa amaanyi g'amasannyalaze, ekivaamu okukekkereza amaanyi g'amasannyalaze ng'amaanyi ga kemiko oba okukekkereza amaanyi g'amasannyalaze okuva mu maanyi ga kemiko. Battery zirina ebirungi bingi ebiyinza okuvaamu okusinga ebika ebirala eby’enjawulo ebya tekinologiya ow’okutereka amaanyi. Okugeza, ensengekera z’amasannyalaze zitera okwesigika ennyo okusinga okuddamu kw’obugumu mu giridi etaliimu kaboni (era era, okutwalira awamu, giridi erimu amaanyi) olw’okufulumya obutereevu amaanyi g’amasannyalaze (okutwalira awamu ku ddaala ly’ebbugumu ne puleesa eya bulijjo).

Okugatta ku ekyo, waliwo enteekateeka ez’enjawulo ez’okutereka amaanyi ga redox reaction z’osobola okulondamu, nga ziwa ekisenge ekigazi eky’ensengeka y’okutereka amaanyi okwesigamiziddwa ku nkola tekinologiya ow’omulembe. Nga ekyokulabirako, lowooza ku bbaatule za bizinensi ez’enjawulo ezikozesebwa mu byuma bya bakasitoma, ebiyimiridde ku kitundu kitono kyokka ku nkola z’ekifo eky’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule ku mutendera gwa giridi ezisobola okukozesebwa mu dizayini ez’enjawulo: lithium-ion, lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, zinc-carbon battery etc. Ekirala, bbaatule zisobola okuteekebwa kumpi wonna, obutafaananako n’okutereka amasannyalaze ag’ebbugumu oba ag’ekisikirize, ekitera okwetaagisa geographically details ebifo ebiterekebwamu ebintu. Emigaso gino gikkiriza bbaatule okukozesebwa si ku mirimu gya giridi gyokka egyayita okuggya kaboni, naye mu ngeri y’emu okuwa omuwendo ogwongezeddwaako ng’empeereza ey’okubiri; okugeza bbaatule ziyamba mu kwongera okwetongola kw’amaanyi ate era n’okwesigamizibwa. Lowooza ku kugwa kw’omukutu gw’amasannyalaze mu Puerto Rico mu kiseera ky’omuyaga Maria mu 2017. Dizayini z’amasannyalaze amatonotono ezisaasaanyiziddwa omuli ebifo ebikola ebyuma ebizzibwa obuggya n’enkola z’ebifo eby’okutereka amasannyalaze zisobola okutangira okuvaako kw’amasannyalaze okunene okw’ekikangabwa. Kino kiri bwe kityo kubanga omulembe ogusaasaanyiziddwa gukkakkanya okuzimba n’okuzzaawo enkola y’okutambuza (nga layini z’amasannyalaze n’ebikondo by’amasannyalaze) ebisaasaanya amasannyalaze wabula biri mu bulabe eri ebibaawo mu mbeera y’obudde ey’amaanyi.

Okugatta ku ekyo, okukola amasannyalaze agasaasaanidde kugoba okusobola kw’ekifo ekimu eky’okulemererwa. Mazima ddala, ebyobufuzi by’emiriraano awamu n’eddembe ly’ebyensimbi nabyo byetaaga okulowoozebwako. Amawanga mangi tegalina by’obugagga binene ebikola mu by’enfuna ebitali bikozesebwa mu mafuta agazzibwawo, kale enkyukakyuka mu katale k’amasannyalaze agazzibwawo eyinza okutumbula enkola y’amasannyalaze mu ggwanga, okukendeeza ku bwetaavu bw’okuyingiza amasannyalaze mu ggwanga, awamu n’okutumbula eddembe ly’ebyobufuzi mu nsi. Amerika ekkiriza mu ngeri ey’enjawulo okusoomoozebwa kw’ebyensimbi okwesigamira ku buyinza kwe kuyinza okuleeta, kubanga yafuna ebbula ly’amafuta eryava mu byobufuzi mu myaka gya 1970 ne 1980.

Waliwo ebika bya tekinologiya wa bbaatule bingi leero, nga buli emu erina dizayini ez’enjawulo, nga nnyingi ku zo zisobola okutuuka ku kemiko ezitali zimu nga kw’otadde n’okukozesa ebirala ebisunsuddwa. Battery za Lithium-ion (LIB) zitwalibwa nga tekinologiya wa bbaatule omukulu; mu myaka gya 1990 nga kwotadde n’oluvannyuma, bbaatule za lithium-ion zaasinga kukozesebwa mu byuma eby’amasannyalaze n’eby’oku ssimu, ate mu myaka egiyise, bbaatule za lithium-ion okusinga zikozesebwa mu nkola z’okutereka amaanyi agatali gakyukakyuka wamu n’amasannyalaze Automotive (EV) obutale buno 2 obw’amaanyi. Ebisinga obungi ku buyiiya bwa bbaatule obulowoozebwako okukozesebwa mu kitongole ky’amasannyalaze bukyali nga tebunnatuuka era buyinza okwetaagisa okunoonyereza okw’amaanyi mu kugezesa n’ensobi, naye emirimu egyatuukiddwako okutuusa kati mu butuufu gibadde gya kuteekebwa mu nkola mitono oba enkola z’obusuubuzi entono, emirundi mingi olw’okuba nti zikyakola bulungi oba nga zisaanira okukozesebwa mu Grid yokka. Ebikolwa eby’obuyiiya obw’engeri eno bibaamu bbaatule za redox circulation (RFB) era ne bbaatule z’ekyuma-empewo (MAB).

Okusinziira ku kitongole ky’ensi yonna eky’amasannyalaze, omwaka 2030 we gunaatuukira, okukendeeza okusinga obungi mu kufulumya CO2 mazima ddala kujja kuva mu tekinologiya ow’omulembe afulumizibwa mu kiseera kino oba ali ku katale leero, era era mu mwaka gwa 2050, ku bikwata ku bitundu ataano ku buli kikumi eby’okukendeera kwa kaboni bijja kwesigama ku buyiiya obuli mu kiseera kino mu buyiiya bw’amasoboza mu mutendera gwa demo oba prototype. Kale gavumenti za federo awamu n’obuwangwa practically biri ku kkubo ettuufu okukola ku nkyukakyuka mu butonde. Wadde kiri kityo, waliwo ebizibu ebirala bingi eby’enjawulo ebiyinza okubaawo mu mbeera z’abantu, eby’ensimbi, n’ebyobufuzi ebyetaagisa okuwangulwa okukakasa nti tekinologiya ow’omulembe ow’amasoboza amalungi ateekebwa mu nkola mangu ekimala nti okukendeera kuno kunene okumala okwewala okwonooneka okw’amaanyi (Ekifaananyi 1). Wadde ng’ensonga zino ezirina okulowoozebwako tezeetongodde ku nsonga za tekinologiya, ziyinza okwetaagisa enkola ez’enjawulo n’okugonjoola ebizibu. Omulimu guno gukebera okusoomoozebwa okukulu kubiri mu kussa mu nkola bbaatule mu bugazi: bbeeyi ya bbaatule n’obukwakkulizo ku bikozesebwa. Omuddirirwa gwa tekinologiya wa bbaatule n’ebintu ebituufu eby’obulungi mu kiseera kino guliwo, naye ssente ennyingi ezisaasaanyizibwa mu maaso ziyinza okulwawo oba okuyimiriza okukuza okugazi, naddala ku minzaani y’okufulumya entono mu kiseera kino. Ekisembayo, ne bwe kiba nti tekinologiya wa bbaatule omu amatiza ebbeeyi enkulu era n’ebipimo by’omutindo gw’emirimu, okutuuka n’okugabira ebitundu byayo ebikulu biyinza okulemesa okugatta okw’amangu awamu n’okugatta okw’amaanyi. N’olwekyo, ebiruma bino birina okugonjoolwa mu bwangu nga bwe kisoboka okutuukiriza ebigendererwa ebikulu eby’okukendeeza ku kaboni. Omulimu guno guzuula obukodyo bw’ebyensimbi n’ebyobufuzi okuvvuunuka oba okwetoloola ebiziyiza bino.
Ekizibu Ekikulu 1: Omuwendo gwa Battery

Omuwendo nsonga nkulu okulowoozebwako oba bbaatule zisobola okukozesebwa mu nkola z’okutereka amaanyi ga giridi. Okwawukana ku butale bwa bbaatule obulala nga ebyuma eby’obujjanjabi, ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu byuma bikalimagezi, loole z’amasannyalaze, n’ebirala, okukozesa emikutu gyetaaga empeereza y’amasannyalaze amayonjo ag’omuwendo omutono ennyo okuvuganya n’ebifo ebikola amafuta g’ebintu ebikadde eby’ebbeeyi. Olw’okuba okufulumya emikutu gy’empuliziganya kyetaagisa okuteeka ssente ennyingi, emirundi mingi nga kyetaagisa okufuna ensimbi (okugeza ensimbi), mu butuufu omuwendo gw’ebintu mu buwangwa gubadde kiziyiza kinene mu kwettanira eby’obugagga ebizzibwawo era n’olwekyo kye kiraga ekikulu eky’obusobozi bwayo mu by’enfuna mu tekinologiya. Ku bbaatule, okutwalira awamu ssente zeesigamye ku bbeeyi y’ebintu nga kw’otadde n’engeri gye zikolebwamu. Ekitongole ky’amasannyalaze mu Amerika kitera okuteeka wakati wa doola 100/kWh nga kw’otadde ne ddoola 150/kWh ng’ekipimo ku nsaasaanya y’ensimbi z’enkola y’okutereka amasannyalaze ku mudumu ey’omulembe mu by’ensimbi.

Mu kiseera kino bbaatule za Lithium-ion y’emu ku tekinologiya asinga okukozesebwa mu kutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule mu nkola za giridi. Battery za Lithium-ion zibadde n’obusobozi okwanguya enkulaakulana yazo okusinziira ku myaka gya 1990 kubanga zaasooka kukozesebwa mu bungi mu butale obw’omuwendo omungi obulimu ebyuma bya bakasitoma eby’amasannyalaze ne loole z’amasannyalaze. Mu butale buno, abagaba bbaatule basobola okutunda ebintu bya bbaatule ebitali biyonjo nnyo ate nga bya bbeeyi nnene okuva bwe kiri nti bye byokka bye basobola okulonda. Kino kisobozesa bbaatule za lithium-ion okutondebwa ku minzaani ne ku bbeeyi, ate nga zongera okutumbula omulimu. Kale tekinologiya ono bw’atwalibwa mu nkola z’ebifo eby’okutereka amaanyi, bbaatule za lithium-ion mu butuufu ziraga obulungi obw’amaanyi, omulimu gw’okucaajinga n’okufulumya bbaatule eno kati guli waggulu nnyo, ebiseera ebisinga gutuuka ku bitundu 95%, era n’omukutu gw’okugabira guteekebwawo okukakasa nti bbeeyi eri wansi. Okusingira ddala olw’okukulaakulanya mmotoka ez’amasannyalaze, bbeeyi ya bbaatule za lithium-ion mu butuufu ekendedde nnyo mu myaka egiyise; bbaatule za lithium-ion, ezirimu obutoffaali bwa bbaatule obukuŋŋaanyiziddwa n’okuddukanya era n’enkola z’ebyokwerinda, zikendedde mu bbanga erisoboka eryategeezebwa ekitongole ky’amasannyalaze ekya Amerika (nga 140 USD/kWh), kisuubirwa okukka wansi wa USD 100/kWh mu biseera eby’omu maaso. Obusobozi bw’ensi yonna obw’okufulumya bbaatule za lithium-ion bubalirirwamu okusukka 700GWh buli mwaka nga bwe kiri nti leero kitundu kya buwumbi bwa ddoola kumpi 50. Wadde nga eno nkulaakulana nnungi nnyo, eddagala eritali limu likyali lyetaagisa okusobozesa empeereza zonna ez’omukutu n’okutuukiriza okukendeeza ku kaboni mu buziba. Ekirala, ensonga z’enkola y’okugaba ebintu ezitunuuliddwa mu kitundu ekiddako ziyinza okulemesa enkola z’okutereka amaanyi ga bbaatule za lithium-ion eziteekebwa mu nkola. Tekinologiya omulala omulala ow’omulembe gwa bbaatule agaba empeereza esingako n’okukekkereza naddala mu biseera ebiwanvu (essaawa ezisukka mu 4), naye ate tezifunamu mu bizibu by’akatale bye bimu nga Li-ion nga kw’otadde n’okufuna obuzibu okuvuganya.

Dizayini za bbaatule endala nnyingi wamu n’ebintu birina ebirungi ebikulu mu bbeeyi bw’ogeraageranya ne bbaatule za Li-ion. Okugeza bbaatule ezitambula, zikozesa enkola y’enkola egabanya amaanyi n’amaanyi mu ngeri ey’enjawulo, ekiraga nti zombi zisobola okupima nga tezikwatagana na ndala. Kino kisobozesa okukula okw’ebbeeyi okw’obusobozi bw’ekifo we batereka amaanyi, ekifuula bbaatule ng’ezo okuvuganya ennyo ku ssente okumala ebbanga eddene. Ku luuyi olulala, enkola eggaddwa nga bbaatule ya lithium-ion egatta amaanyi n’amaanyi, ekifuula omuwendo gw’ekitundu kyayo ekitereka amaanyi omusingi oguteereddwawo mu ngeri entuufu. Wadde nga kiragiddwa nti omuwendo oguwangaala si nsonga ntono okulowoozebwako bw’ogeraageranya n’ensimbi ezisaasaanyizibwa mu maaso, sitayiro enzigule eya bbaatule ekulukuta (RFB) oba bbaatule y’empewo ey’ekyuma (MAB) eyongera okwanguyiza okukekkereza ssente mu nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu nga ekkiriza okulabirira ebitundu ebigendereddwamu. Omuntu asobola okugijjuza oba okukyusa butereevu n’ekirungo ky’amasannyalaze (ekitundu kya bbaatule ekisinga okunyooma amangu), so ng’ate enkola eza bulijjo eziggaddwa nga bbaatule za lithium-ion zeetaaga okulongoosa oba okukyusa bbaatule yonna, ekivaamu kasasiro omulala. Mu nkomerero, waliwo bbaatule ez’okwongerako ezikozesa ebintu eby’ebbeeyi entono, ebirimu ebingi okusinga bbaatule za lithium-ion, ekikendeeza ku nsaasaanya esuubirwa.

Wadde nga emigaso gino egy’obuzaale, eby’okutereka amaanyi ebivaayo bizibu okumaliriza olw’ensonga ezitali zimu. Mu kusooka, wadde nga omusono ogusinga obulungi ogw’omukutu ogutaliimu kaboni mu buziba gugatta omuddirirwa gw’empeereza z’okutereka bbaatule, embeera eno eva nnyo ku nsonga eriwo. Olw’okuba obuyiiya buno obupya obwa bbaatule ddala buba bwa ssente nnyingi nnyo ku nkola za grid-scale era nga era tebusobola kufuna mu butale obw’omuwendo omunene, tekitegeerekeka bulungi ngeri ki ddala ey’okukendeeza ku miwendo nga kw’otadde n’okutumbula obulungi basobole okuvuganya ne bbaatule za lithium-ion nga bwe bwe kiba nti obwetaavu busembyeyo okubaawo, empeereza y’okutereka amasannyalaze ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu oba okukyusa ebifo ebikola amafuta g’ebintu ebikadde biyinza okuba okumatizibwa ku ssente ezikendeezeddwa.

Okwonoona ensonga eno ey’enkoko n’amagi kye kimu ku bizibu ebirala ebifaananako bwe bityo: Obuyiiya buno obuvaayo mu butonde buba bwa bulabe nnyo. Kino kizifuula obutakwata maaso nnyo eri abalabirira pulojekiti, abawagizi oba abakola okusalawo abalala, ekifuula tekinologiya ono ow’omulembe obutakwatibwa nnyo n’okulagibwa, awamu n’ekivaamu okulowoozebwa buli kiseera ku bulabe. Olw’ebizibu bino, emirimu mingi egiteesa okukozesa tekinologiya ono ow’omulembe owa bbaatule agenda okuvaayo gulwanye okukuuma ensimbi nga ziteekebwamu ssente za kkampuni, ensimbi z’emirimu, n’ebirala. Ebizibu bino biyinza obutagonjoolwa bitongole bya bwannannyini byokka, era obujjanjabi bwa gavumenti eya wakati buyinza okukendeeza ku bulabe bwa tekinologiya era n’okukendeeza ku bbeeyi y’eddagala erigenda mu maaso eritereka amaanyi mu kifo ekikwata amaaso gokka eri omukutu gw’amasannyalaze naye nga liyinza okuyamba mu kuggya kaboni mu buziba. Ebiseera ebisinga, okwolesebwa okunene mazima ddala kujja kwetaaga okugezesebwa era n’okuyimirizaawo n’okugula obutereevu. Engeri emu ey’okutuukiriza kino kwe kuyita mu gavumenti eya wakati okusonda ssente z’emirimu gy’okwanjula bizinensi, nga bwe kyakolebwa emabegako n’etteeka lya American Recovery and also Reinvestment Act. Mu kiseera kino, ekitongole kya Amerika ekikola ku by’amasannyalaze kiwa ensimbi nnyingi mu pulojekiti z’ekifo eky’okutereka amasannyalaze aga demo. Wadde kiri kityo, ensimbi zino mu butuufu mu byafaayo ziweereddwa laboratory z’eggwanga ez’okunoonyereza mu Amerika, so si n’okusaba kwa gavumenti, okwandizingiramu ab’obwannannyini era nga nakyo kiyinza okwanguya enkulaakulana. Okugatta ku ekyo, gavumenti ya Amerika esobola okukola enteekateeka ey’enjawulo ey’okwanjula okutereka amasannyalaze ku mudumu, eraga nti esuubiza mu pulojekiti zaayo nnyingi ez’enkulaakulana ezitandise. Obwetaavu buno gye buvuddeko bwamatizibwa ekitundu ku kitongole kya Amerika ekikola ku kunoonyereza okw’omulembe ekya Projects Agency for Power (ARPA-E) Program for Important Advancements in Energy Technologies with Untapped Possible. Mu ngeri y’emu, ofiisi ya Amerika ekola ku masannyalaze amayonjo Demo ddaala eddala erigenda mu maaso: kkampuni eno yatandikibwawo mu 2021 n’ekigendererwa eky’okulaga pulojekiti ennene (wadde ez’obuwumbi bwa ddoola) ez’okutereka amaanyi, era n’okukolagana n’ab’obwannannyini okwanguya okwettanira n’okuteeka mu nkola tekinologiya ow’omulembe ow’amasannyalaze amayonjo.

Tekinologiya aliwo leero asobola okuyamba mu kuggya kaboni mu kifo ky’amasannyalaze. Wabula waliwo okweraliikirira ku busobozi bw’okutondawo n’okuteeka mu nkola tekinologiya ono ow’omulembe mu bwangu era mu ngeri etali ya ssente nnyingi, omulimu ogutakolebwa mu kiseera kino. Nga tulina ebisikiriza ebituufu, obujjanjabi bwa gavumenti busobola okuyamba okutuukiriza n‟okwanguyiza ebivaamu ebyetaagisa. Ate era, enkola n’emitendera egy’enjawulo bisobola okuyamba okuwangula ebitonotono ku bizibu bino singa bikozesebwa mu ngeri ey’amagezi era mu bwangu. Wadde enkola eriwo, obudde bwetaagisa wamu n’okutuuka ku bantu era n’okuteeka ssente mu ngeri ey’enjawulo kikulu nnyo